Recent electrophysical data inspired the claim that dopaminergic neurons adapt their mismatch sensitivities to reflect variances of expected rewards. This contradicts reward prediction error theory and most basal ganglia ...

This paper shows how a minimal neural network model of the cerebellum may be embedded within a sensory-neuro-muscular control system that mimics known anatomy and physiology. With this embedding, cerebellar learning promotes ...

A model of cortico-spinal trajectory generation for voluntary reaching movements is developed to functionally interpret a broad range of behavioral, physiological and anatomical data. The model simulates how arm movements ...

One of the advantages of biological skeleto-motor systems is the opponent muscle design, which in principle makes it possible to achieve facile independent control of joint angle and joint stiffness. Prior analysis of ...

The basal ganglia and frontal cortex together allow animals to learn adaptive responses that acquire rewards when prepotent reflexive responses are insufficient. Anatomical studies show a rich pattern of interactions between ...

This paper attempts a rational, step-by-step reconstruction of many aspects of the mammalian neural circuitry known to be involved in the spinal cord's regulation of opposing muscles acting on skeletal segments. Mathematical ...

A growing wave of behavioral studies, using a wide variety of paradigms that were introduced or greatly refined in recent years, has generated a new wealth of parametric observations about serial order behavior. What was ...

To understand how the cerebellum adaptively times the classically conditioned nictitating membrane response (NMR), a model of the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) second messenger system in cerebellar Purkinje cells ...