135727 



The Church's Mission 

to the 
Mountaineers of the South 



HOLDIKK AND MK1HA.V1 SK11ILS, Jt LV ,')S 
PVHI.K'ATIOX No 41 



The Church's Mission to the 
Mountaineers of the South 



By ARCHDLACON NEVE of Virginia, ARCHDEACON SPURR, 
of West Virginia, ARCHDEACON WENTWORTH, Diocese 
of Lexington, REVEREND S C. HUCHUON, O H. C , 
of Sewanee, Xeiin , REVEREND E N, JOYNER, Dio- 
cese of Asheville, and REVEREND \V. S. CI.A.IBORNE. 



Compiled by the RKV. WALTER HTJGHSON 
of the District of Asheville 



Church Missions Publishing Company 

Auxiliary to thr Board of Million* 
Jtn State Stiect, Hartford, Conn 



Copyught, IDUS 
By Church Missions PublMiiui; Co. 



Contents 



Preface ..... . vii 

Introduction ..... i 

By the Revoiend Walter Hughson 

The Church iitid the Mountain People 19 

By the Rev V S C. Hughsnn, O H C 

The Missions of the Blue Ridge . 29 

By Aiehdeacon F. \V. Neve 

Missionary Work in West Virginia . 49 
By Archdeacon B. M Spurr 

Missions and Schools in the District of 

Asheville .... 72 

By llu- Uovoifud \\altvi Hiifthboxi 

Statistical Table, District of Ashevillc 78 
Comparative l^xpciises ... 79 

Valle Crttei 6 ; Mission an<l School . 80; 

l*y the Rovciciid 1C. N Joynci 

Christ School, Arden N. C. . . . 103 
The Work of the Church in the Moun- 

tains of Kentucky *. * 10 - c > 

II V \tfliclrikrnn I*. A. \\oiitwojUl 



IV CONTEXTS 

The Work at Sewanoe, Tennessee 

By the Reverend \V S Claihor 

Sketches: A Postal Card and its 

4 'Hit" 123 

An Incident . . 1^7 

Raster in a Mill Mission . i ,v > 



Illustrations 

A Mountain Cabin . . Frontispiece 

Facing page 

A Glimpse of the Mountain Scenery vii 
Rev. Walter Hughson ... i 

A Mountain Home in Tennessee . . 4 
A Mountain Flower Garden . . 8 

The Squirrel Hunter . . . .12 
An Improved Chapel in Tennessee . 16 
St. Andrew's School, Sewanee , . 19 
St. Mary's Girls, Sewanee . . .20 
St. Michael's Monastery, Tennessee . 24 
Children Filling Shuttles in the Weaving 

Room, St. Mary's Training School . 26 
Archdeacon F. W. Neve ... 29 
First School House, Simmon's Gap , 32 
Whittle Memorial Chapel ... 36 
A Surgical Operation on a Mountain Boy 40 
Home of the King of Muttin Hollow . 44 
Beacon Hollow School Chapel . . 46 
Rev. B. M. Spurr .... 49 
The Reynolds Memorial Hospital . 59 



\1 IIJM STKATIONS 

St. Andrews Oii-the- Mountains fri 
The Sarah Spra&ue Uphani Memorial 

House ... 6j 

The Lippitt Memorial Hull <M 
The Mission Home To-.lay, A-*he\ ille 

District . 7-? 

Grace Hospital, Moi'j.j'iitn'.vr.. X C. 75 

Where a Mission Staite*! . 7^ 

The Now Chapel . , 7* 

Holy Cross School, Valh- Cmci>, N. C. Mo 

Where an Outdoor Service wa^ HeM . Si 

(lathering the Hay . ^ 

The Wa^tm Kactor\- i tM > 

(>roup of Basket \V*kei-* - 10 5 

Cook ii i j* Class . . . . ioS 

Cumberland t;ip in tin* PUt uu-r i i i 

St. Mary\ t>u tlu Moiiniuin, Tenne-ee 114 

A Mission Service in tin- M'nmt.ih; . 117 



Preface 

For a long time there has been a demand 
for literature in regard to the work of the 
Church in the Mountains of the South. 
Small illustrated pamphlets have been dis- 
tributed by the local workers of different 
diocCvSes in their appeals for assistance, but 
never before, as far as I know, has there 
been any concerted effort towards presenta- 
tion of the different parts of the field in one 
publication. Again and again have we felt 
the necessity for it and when the offer came 
to publish a book the writer immediately 
conferred and communicated with his co- 
workers in other districts and dioceses. 
This book presents the work and needs of 
almost all the Holds from their standpoint 
ami with then local coloring. The men 
who have been the most prominent in this 
mountain work are the Archdeacons and 



vm PREPACK 

priests in charge of the missionary efforts, 
not because the Bishops were not interested, 
but because the mountains and the work in 
them were only a part of the whole work of 
the dioceses of Virginia, West Virginia, Ten- 
nessee, and Kentucky, The Missionary 
work of the District of Asheville is almost 
entirely given up to work amongst tlu* moun- 
taineers We have all found that the Church 
is particularly influential in education, both 
religious and secular. The work has almost 
always begun in thai way, but in reading 
the records the readers will see how wo have 
all taken up the hospital effort us a natural 
sequence when wo saw the need of such 
means of amelioration unionist UK* pcopU* 
whom we have learned to low and with 
whom we sympathize. The deplorable lack 
of care in sickness, fully equalled in impor 
lance the lack of education. Sums* hus 
followed every effort when* school and hex* 
pitol have gone together. If the rvadcts 
could see the changes that have come and 
the blessings that have followed our efforts 



PREFACE IX 

the whole Church would rise up and help us. 
The middle-west and the southern moun- 
tains have been woefully neglected by the 
Church during the past century. In the 
marvellous development of her work in 
great cities and in foreign parts, that in small 
towns and little settlements, particularly 
amongst what might be called the native 
born American population has been for- 
gotten. In fact we have failed to be the 
"American's Church." 

A striking illustration came to our atten- 
tion this year. A family, which had moved 
from Western North Carolina, the father and 
mother both strong members of the Church, 
had raised a family of thirteen children, all 
of uhom were lost to the Church save one, 
because when they became scattered they 
found no services of the Church in the small 
towns where they went to live. 

Archdeacons Spurr, Neve, Wentworth and 
Father Hughson and Claibonie, have given 
their lives to these people, with what success 
these pages will tell. 



X PREFACE 

Hoping that the immensity of this prob- 
lem will appeal to the reader and student of 
missionary efforts, we again leave it all to 
your prayers and generosity and to the 
blessings of the Heavenly Father which 
have been granted to us so abundantly in 
the past. 

Fa i t lift illy y< ntrs , 

WALTKR HrcHsoN-. 

Whit sun -tide, 1908. Waynvsvillc, N. C. 

I beg to acknowledge our great indebted- 
ness to Rev'd. Dr. Samuel Tyndale Wilson's 
book "The Southern Mountaineers/' from 
which we have quoted many facts. -W. II . 




UHV. WAI/TKK 




Hn flDemoriam 
Walter Hudson, priest 

1855*1908 



A little less than two years ago the Rev* "Walter Hugh- 
son, sometime Archdeacon of AshevtfZe, projected thfe 
book* Little did we who were called upon to co-operate 
with him thmk, when we felt the thrill and poise of his 
great enthusiasm for God's poor, that he would not be 
spared to see his work come from the press. Bctt God 
willed it so* On September 4, 1908, at the Morganton 
Hospital, which he had f ottnded, the end came after an 
illness of only a few hoars* 

"Walter Hoghson was born in Pottghkeepsie, N* Y* 
f if ty-three "Jyears ago* He was trained for a business 
life, btrfc ftj&ta his youth his first interests were always 
those of tr^Starch, and in the midst of absorbing busi- 
ness cares hejfond time for regular and aggressive mis- 
sion work, wherever the services of a layman were needed* 
la J88& he was ordained to the perpetual dtacooate by 
the late Bishop Starkey of Newark, and fare years later 



he removed to Spokane, where he was an energetic pioneer 
for the Church xn that rough western country. In 1895 
there came to him the call to abandon his business life, 
and give himself wholly to the ministry of the Church. 
Accordingly he returned to New York City, and entered 
upon work at Calvary Church, under the rectorate of the 
late Bishop of Washington, preparing himself in the 
meantime for the priesthood. In $897 he was called to 
Holy Trinity Church, Detroit, and was there priested by 
Bishop Davies. His four years' ministry in Detroit was 
greatly blessed, but it was not until in J901, when he 
entered upon the mountain work in the District of Ashe- 
ville, that he came to the task for which God had been 
all the time preparing him. The undeveloped possibili- 
ties of the Southern mountaineers fascinated him, and he 
threw himself heart and soul into the work of bringing 
to them the religious and educational advantages 
which for generations had been denied them. Succeed' 
ing the late Rev* Churchill Satterlec as rector At Morgan- 
ton, he carried on to splendid route the work that had 
been begun so ably by his predecessor. In the pages of 
this book he has himself told much of the story of this 
work. Those who were privileged to be with him won- 
dered t the ceaseless energy and eathutiasm which 
marked all thai he undertook. Although for years * 
sufferer from the disease which at last proved fatal he 
excused bimscw from nothing because of It* 

Always In and out among hi* people, traveflwg great 
distances over the roughest mountain tratft aad by the 
moat primitive modes of conveyance* sharing the hard* 
hipt of the cabin life, by the force of the love that they 
saw he bore to them, he wots his way into the hearts of 
the mountaineer* as few mlition*rie* have done* Mb- 
tact alter mission was established and strengthened, 



schools and hospitals were botit, and toe contagion of his 
enthusiasm brought into the work helpers who caught 
from him the vision of what the love of God could do in 
the hearts of these long neglected people. In 1907 he 
was transferred to Waynesvifle, N* G, where the same 
devoted course was pursued, and where men were made 
to feel as they looked into his eyes and heard his words, 
that here was one Indeed who longed to spend and be 
spent for the love of the Master. 

In July last, worn with his many labors, he consented 
to take his first vacation since entering the field, and 
spent some weeks on the North Carolina coast recuperat- 
ing. On his return he stopped for a few days at the 
Morganton Hospital, which perhaps more than any other 
work will be the monument to his lovmg energy. He 
had been used to say that he hoped the last days of his 
life might be spent in the care of this work* and God in 
His tender Providence willed it so. In the midst of his 
working and planning; he was suddenly stricken, and 
fortified by the Sacrament of the Church, he passed to 
the reward that Is prepared for the faithful laborers in 
the vineyard of the Lord. His body was laid to rest in a 
quiet comer of the grounds of the Hospital he loved so 
much* 



Introduction 

BY THE RBVBRBND WALTER HUGHSON 

In June, 1907, President Roosevelt said 

in a public address: "In the South there is _ 

Roosevelt 
a population peculiarly fitted to profit by on the 

schools, a population which has been gen- Mountain- 
erally referred to as 'poor white,' a popula- eers 
tion of splendid capacities and almost 
purely of the old native stock, which simply 
lacks the opportunity to develop a degree 
of industrial efficiency unsurpassed elsewhere 
on this continent. It is a matter for con- 
gratulation that there is such a steady in- 
crease of interest in the Southern states 
in everything pertaining to children. This 
has already markedly shown itself and I 
hope will still more show itself in the future. " 
I do not know of any better description 
of these people of whom we are writing than 



2 The Mountaineers 

"The that which is found in Mr. Winston Church- 
Crossing*' ai's book, 'The Crossing," and Mr. Fox's 
book, 'The Little Shepherd of Kingdom 
"Little Come." In these books we are much im- 
Shepherd pressed with the sterling quality of the peo- 

~i pk of the mountains of Western North Car- 

Kingdom r 

Gome" li na an d in the other parts of the Appalach- 

ian country. 

What the President speaks of and what 
Mr. Churchill and Mr. Fox describe is the 
Church's opportunity. 

The Primitive but sturdy pioneers' descewl- 

oneers 



opportunities of their co-pioneer brethren, 

are the people in whom we are interested 

The Appalachian hills have been a stone wall 

of hindrance to thousands of people* In 

Stone Wall P 3 ^ generations, either because men and 

of women were satisfied with the everlasting 

nuice kjjj^ or jj^y^ t jj e y wcrc discouraged in 

their efforts to cross them, hundreds of fam- 
ilies remained and endeavored to work out 
their temporal salvation in the mountains, 
and the coves and valleys between them. 



of the South 3 

Slavery, perhaps, was well enough from a 
business standpoint for the flat country and 
that warmer lowland where cotton and to- 
bacco could be raised; but up in the moun- 
tains it was not in anyway feasible. Conse- 
quently the planter of the lowland grew rich 
and important, while his neighbor, "the High- 
lander," grew poor and ignorant. There 
grew up also, perhaps on account of the con- 
trasting conditions, a great repugnance to 
the negro on the part of the mountaineer. 
There are places, and in some localities whole 
counties, where no negro can go. The 
mountaineer did not like the negro for many 
reasons. The slave labor, to him, was un- 
fair competition. The negro knew "quality," 
but he failed to appreciate the nobility of 
the man who against conditions was able to 
live and rear a family in a poor country and 
in a state of loneliness* Anyone who knows 
the real mountaineer realizes that he has 
come from good, sturdy, brave, self-denying 
stock, stock that availed itself of the little 
opportunity offered. For generations they 



4 The Mountaineers 

fought it out alone. They were little thought 
of. The men in the mountains were as 
foreigners to the people who had estates. 
They were not even in demand to care for 
farms until the time after the war. They 
were isolated in more senses than one. They 
had taken up little farms on the hillsides, 
planted corn and a few fruit trees. One of 
them here and there got a mule and perhaps 
a cow. They cut down the trees and made 

Settling log-houses, cabins, often of hut one room. 
to homes These sufficed for the famfly ^^ for 

generations. They raised what was neces- 
sary for bare existence. They spun and 
wove to make their own clothing The 
mountains are fine places to raise* apples, 
pears, potatoes, and cabbage. They made 
their own wagons and in the fall went further 
south with a load of produce which cookl not 
be raised in the low country* With the 
proceeds of this annual expedition they 
bought what was necessary, and existed for 
Ltguor another year. They made their own liquor 
for generations, l>ecause they knew how, 




, 
B; 



. 



of the South 5 

and their "still" was their equivalent to the 
sideboard of many of our ancestors. They 
were absolutely independent and "knew no 
king." This, undoubtedly, is one of the 
reasons why the mountaineers have been 
considered generally lawless and why they 
naturally persisted in continuing their dis- 
tilling. The civil war made a great change. 
Many of them went to fight, as their ances- 
tors had done in Revolutionary and even 
earlier times. They were good fighters; 
perhaps too independent to be of the high- Fighters 
est quality of soldiers in the ranks, but in- 
dividually the bravest of the brave. 

Their isolation and the indifference of 
their neighbors caused them to become very 
illiterate. Ten years ago there were settle- 
ments where three-fourths of the people 
could not read nor write. In 1900 the census 
gave the following statistics in the Appala- 
chian region as to illiteracy amongst the 
white voters: 

West Virginia, 10.68 per cent, illiterate illiteracy 
Virginia, 15.94 " 



6 The Mountaineers 

Kentucky, 21.65 P er cen *- illiterate 
North Carolina, 19.83 " 
East Tennessee, 18.34 " 
South Carolina, 13.37 t " 
Georgia, 17.72 

Average, 16.34 " 
"Figures for illiteracy may not be very 
accurate, but, where sixteen per cent, of the 
white voters report themselves to the census 
as illiterate, it means that at least fifty per 
cent, of the white population over ten yeans 
of age is wholly without letters." Not to be 
able to read seems to the writer to be the 
nearest thing to the "blackness of darkness" 
spoken of by the prophet. No knowledge 
of the world except by the means of conver- 
sation with a more or less educated man, 
not able even to read the Holy Scriptures, 
was sufficient excuse for many of the failings 
of this otherwise wonderful people. 
Conditions The conditions have improved greatly 
Improved within the past few years, Intelligent in- 
fluence from the religious side has been a 
great inspiration for letter and higher things* 



of the South 7 

The State has been aroused to the condition, 
and the "free" school has been greatly im- 
proved. I believe that in the next census 
no part of the country will show greater im- Censiw 
provement, comparatively, than these same 
states. 

The great lumbering interests in the mount- 
ains, and the development of the coal and 
iron mines in Tennessee and Virginia, and the 
cotton mills in the Carolinas, have brought 
about a demand for labor. Six years ago a 
woman would work for twenty-five cents a 
day. The little farms have been deserted, 
that is many of them, and the whole family 
has been brought to the towns which have 
become the centres of trade and manufac- 
turing. 

Under the influence of the larger com- 
munity life there has been greater opportun- 
ity. Schools, state and Church, have had 
an influence for good on the children who are 
to-day the first of many generations of in- 
habitants to have this opportunity. The states 
have done excellent work, especially since 



8 The Mountaineers 

1900, in the way of education; but secular ed- 
ucation is by no means the only thing to 
bring to these people. They must have also a 
proper religious influence. In 1776 of the 
twenty-one men from the Southern States, who 
signed the Declaration of Independence 
nineteen were Churchmen. Those from 
New England were all from without the 
Church. To-day there is one communicant 
in one hundred and fifty of the population 
in North Carolina, while to-day in Connecti- 
cut the proportion is about one in twenty. 
The Church lagged in the South in the days 
after the Revolution and in many places it 
became the religious home of the better class 
only. The now religious movements were 
very strongly developed in the South. Emo- 
tionalism appealed to the people and soon 
made hosts of converts. In some of the 
mountain places to-day the scenes during 
religious excitement are almost beyond de- 
scription. Emotionalism grew to such an 
extent that religion, teaching them to din* 
criminate between right and wrong* almost 




A MOUNTAIN I'LOWKR OARDHN 



of the South 9 

stopped. Even now "to get religion" 
amongst these people is to get into a frenzy 
of excitement; whole communities 
are sometimes "converted", and then the 
whole community often has a relapse where 
the last state is far worse than the first. The 
ten commandments became practically a 
dead letter. Education was really decried, 
and ignorance was exalted and put on a 
pedestal. The mountain preacher became 
a class by himself. He often could not read 
or write, and yet he was supposed to be a 
teacher of righteousness. When the Church 
came back to this part of North Carolina in 
the latter part of the igth Century there 
were many places where the ten command- 
ments had never been heard of. 

In looking over this region, the Church 
and some other religious bodies saw the ne- 
ccssity of education with a proper religious Education 
instruction. This effort has brought about 
a remarkable change of conditions. The 
good stock responds to the opportunity 
offered and to-day education is sought after. 



10 The Mountaineers 

The barn of a school-house with its compara- 
tively ignorant teacher is fast disappearing. 
Here and there, following the example of the 
Church schools, good buildings are being 
erected. The school terms are very short, 
but they are growing longer from year to 
year. The Church school has its own follow- 
ing and to-day is also supplemental to the 
"free" school. From 1901 to 1907 we looked 
on a transformation that was brought about 
by the splendid sacrifice of scores of educated 
and refined men and women, who had "come 
here" to help. 

The People There are two hundred and twenty-six 
and Land counties that may be said to make up the 
Southern Appalachian region. In the census 
of 1900 the population was found to be 
3>Q2 1555 people more people than the com- 
bined population of the ten states of Montana, 
Oregon, Wyoming, Colorado, Arizona, Utah, 
Nevada, Idaho, Washington and California; 
in which states the Church now has thirteen 
Missionary Dioceses and Districts and as 
many Bishops. 



of the South, 11 

The people are a composite race, the prin- 
cipal element being Scotch-Irish. There 
are also people of Huguenot, English, and 
German origin. The latter probably came 
here by way of Pennsylvania. A letter re- 
ceived from one who is greatly interested 
tells us that most of the English settlers in 
this part of the country came from the par- 
ishes of Stepney, Stoke-Newington, and 
White-chapel of two hundred years ago. 

The mountaineers are divided into three 
classes: Mountaln- 

(i). The valley dwellers, so called, who eew 
have built up the centres aad cities, stand for 
the best of the four millions. 

(2). The class that we have already spoken 
of, living nearer the hills and having some of 
the opportunities of the first, but having all 
that attractive ruggedness that we find in 
those who live far back from all participation 
with the world. 

(3). This "class consists of the drift, the 
flotsam and jetsam that are cast up here and 
there among the mountains* There are the 



12 The Mountaineers 

shiftless and ambitionless such as are found 
wherever men are found, Usually they 
own little or no land and eke out a precarious 
existence, as only a beneficent Providence 
that cares -for the birds and other denizens 
of the forest can explain." Of this class we 
get the majority of the people who are com- 
ing to the mill settlements and are bring im- 
proved by their contact and opportunity in 
the world a very little world, but one which 
they have never before seen. 

The war record of all the mountaineers is 
'Record long, inspiring, and splendid. From the 
times before the Revolution, when they de- 
fended their own homes, to the buttles of the 
Revolu- Revolution where they twk distinguished 
tionai-y part. When the battle of "Kins'* Mountain" 
came, when Washington said, "I have al- 
most ceased to hope," the little band that 
was mustered in Wautaugu County, not far 
from the present Valle Crueis, went forth 
on September twenty-fifth, 1780, and a few 
days later surrounded the English forces. 
"That glorious victory" said Jefferncm, 




THK BQl'lHUKL HUNTKRr- A TKNNKHSMKTYPK 



of the South 13 

"was the glorious annunciation of that turn 
in the tide of success which terminated the 
Revolutionary War with the seal of inde- 
pendence." In the Mexican War aad the Mexican 
War of 1812 they were ever in the place of War 
danger and always brave. The Civil War CivilWar 
found them on both sides, and many men 
of the mountains now receive pensions from 
the government for the valor they showed 
on the federal side. The Spanish War ap- 
pealed to many of the young men of the 
present generation, It is said that the 
mountaineers have furnished to the armies 
of the United States more men in proportion 
than any other people in the whole land. 

These people are not only native and Amer- 
ican stock by name, but they have done American 
their duty to their country as none others 
have done it, With those who live in com- 
munities where there is a cosmopolitan popu- 
lation it is almost impossible to understand 
what a strictly native population is. "In 
the mountain regions in West Virginia there 
arc five mountain counties that have an 



14 The Mountaineers 

average of less than seven persons of foreign 
birth to each county. Kentucky has one 
county with no foreigner, and thirteen coun- 
ties with only from one to seven of foreign 
birth. Virginia has thirteen counties with 
eight or less. Tennessee has twelve counties 
with seven or less. North Carolina has six 
counties, containing altogether but eleven 
foreigners. Georgia has seven counties with 
eight or less. Alabama has three counties 
with a grand total of fifty one." 

In this land we seem to have the faculty, 
which is a remarkable one, of assimilation, 
and the making of a citizen in a generation 
or less. So far we have failed to realize our 
!Jj5* responsibility to our brethren of long stand- 
Problem * n - This fe certainly the "white problem." 
These people have always had the rcpu- 
Intern- tation of being very intemperate. In a meas- 
ure this is true. All Southerners who 
drink, drink whiskey, and mbst of them 
drink nothing else. The use of light wines 
and beers is almost unknown* As an illustra- 
tion, at Christmas they think it is their 



of the South 15 

bounden duty to drink heavily. Those who Christmas 
never get drunk at any other time have done Drinking 
so regularly at this sacred season. A few 
years ago, at the dose of a Christmas service 
and celebration at one of our missions, two 
men were engaged in a fight just outside of the 
chapel. The person who had accompanied 
me in my buggy was a very small man and 
was of little service in such an emergency, 
and so I was forced to "go it" alone. I sep- 
arated the men and told them to go home 
and apologize to the teacher in charge with- 
in twenty-four hours. They made their Effect of 
apology as required as they were afraid we 
would have ''the law on them" and, as the ance 
law in North Carolina is very strict in regard 
to the disturbance of public worship, they 
respect it. At the first opportunity I 
preached on the proper observance of Christ- 
mas day, and told them that on that day, 
above all others, they must keep their bodies 
clean and pure. Two years afterward one 
of the older men came to me after service 
and said, "Preacher, I always used to drink 



16 The Mountaineers 

corn liquor on Christmas day because I 
thought I had to, but since I heard you 
preach about our Lord being born on that 
day I have never let a drop touch my lips 
Encou*- on that day." This was enough encourage- 
agement men t f or a W h le year's work. During the 
past few years a great wave of temperance 
has passed over this portion of the South. 
I think it is safe to make the assertion that 
a majority of the mountain counties have no 
saloons in them. Illicit distilling, though 
carried on to a limited extent in some places, 
has been mostly done away. Last summer 
the writer had been making a speech at a 
temperance meeting in the "South Moun- 
tain" district, and after the meeting one of 
the men came up and said, " Preacher, you 
couldn't have made that speech here ton 
years ago. This country was full of whiskey 
then." The men in that district, with one 
exception, signed the petition to take liquor 
out of the country. The city of Ashevillc 
in 1907 by a vote of three to one put the 
saloons out. 




PH 

i 


GO 

I 

CM 



of the South 17 

We have often wondered how many fam- Original 
ilies were in the original mountain settle- tonMte* 
ments. Beginning two hundred years ago 
with a few hundred they could easily have 
become the present four millions. Moun- 
tain fecundity has been the only cause of the Mountain 
great population of to-day. They have Fecundfty 
certainly obeyed the command, "Be fruit- 
ful and multiply." We often find families 
of from twelve to fifteen. The children 
marry very young. In many places there 
has been an inter-manying that has not been 
good for the race. The results of this have marriage 
been particularly impressed upon us since 
we opened the hospitals. 

The reader will appreciate, by this very 
short account of the striking characteristics 
of these people with whom we labor, how 
wonderfully attractive is the work amongst 

them. Archdeacon Neve has graphically Archdea- 
-.,-,- - . ,. r con Neve's 

described the manner of organization of a 

mission settlement and the gradual building 
up of the work. It is by becoming one of 
them in their life, in its pleasure and in its 



18 The Mountaineers 

trials that the worker makes a success and 
an impression. The mission house centre 
or the rectory centre have been the most 
successful plan. From this, naturally, come 
first the visiting nurse, and then the dispen- 
sary, and after that the hospital with all its 
tremendous field of usefulness and relief. 

A careful reading of the different articles by 
the contributors from the various centres 
will, I am sure, be of very great interest to 
all. And when all is read we hope your in- 
terest will be made manifest in your gifts 
and prayers. 



of the South 19 



The Church and the Mountain People 

By THB RBV. SHIRLBY C HUGHSON, O H. C., of 
St. Andrew's School, Sewanee, Tenn. 

When one speaks of the adaptability of the 
Church to a people, the expression demands 
explanation. The Holy Catholic Church, is, 
of necessity, perfectly adapted to all men, 
whether we regard them as individuals, na- 
tions, or races. "He who knew what was in 
man,' 1 founded it in such fashion that it 
would be suited in the most perfect way 
possible, to the needs of every soul made in 
the Divine Image. But sin has entered in, 
and those who should recognize the Church 
as their true home have had their spiritual 
vision so warped that they regard her, 
whom God ordained to be "the mother of us 
all", as an alien. So when we speak of her 
adaptability, to one or another people, we 



20 The Mountaineers 

are rather describing the people than the 
Church; and to say that she is especially 
adapted to our American Highlanders is to 
say that these people, whatever may be their 
characteristics or failings, have maintained 
those traits which enable them to appreciate 
more readily than many others, the truth, 
and strength, and joy, which can be supplied 
to men only by this living organism which 
"is the pillar and ground of the truth." 

We are dealing with facts and experiences 
rather than with theories; and from them we 
are convinced that God has preserved our 
mountain people in all their ways, so that 
they are able, as many others are not, to 
recognize the truth; and that, untouched by 
the spirit of modem materialism, they have u 
clear vision of eternal verities; and grasp 
them with a faith, as strong us it is simple, 
whenever they are presented. 

The first consideration to which we would 
invite attention is that the mountain people 
have a firm grasp on spiritual realities. 
With the majority of jx'ople with whom we 



of the South 21 

come in contact to-day religion, in a large Receptive- 
measure, is a vague system of thought or ness 
philosophy, rather than a revelation of super- 
natural mysteries, applicable to the practical 
affairs of life though not to be measured by 
human ken. There is no skepticism, no 
indifference to the supernatural among the 
mountaineers; and reliance on the work of 
higher agencies comes as easily to them as 
does a belief that the sun and rain help their 
meagre crops. In short when the Church 
comes to them she finds a people prepared. 
We do not have to argue them into a belief 
in God or in the Scriptures. We have only 
to show them what the revelation of God 
really is; they have only to grasp the fact 
that the Church is the living voice of God, 
the interpreter of His truth, and no people are 
more ready to receive it. 

Along with this strong belief in the super- 
natural, there is everywhere among them a 
desire to know more about God and His 
revelation. They are conscious of their 
limitations, and as one begins to talk to 



22 The Mountaineers 

them about God there is in their faces a wist- 
ful expectation which is touching and in- 
spiring. 

I shall never forget the first mountain con- 
gregation I ever met. It was at a little 
road-side church far back in the Virginia 
mountains. Only a few hours 7 notice of the 
service had been given but the church was 
crowded to the doors, and more than half of 
the congregation were men* Many of them 
had walked many miles to be there, com- 
ing in the overalls in which they had been 
working in the lumber camp all day. I read 
them St. Matthew's account of the Passion 
and from the way they listened I am sure 
many of them had never heard it before. 
They pressed forward over the backs of the 
benches, gazing over the shoulders of those 
in front with that eager, rapt attention that 
one sees in children who are being told some 
wonderful story, They were hungry for the 
Gospel and when one began to speak to them 
of sin, and how our Lord's sufferings were 
the result of sin, giving them just the direct 




BAINT MAUY'S TltAJNlNTO BCUOUL I'Oll MOUNTAIN 

CURIA HMWANMK 
Children fUlitig tkuttloa in tho weaving room 



of the South 27 

The Church has not yet touched the fringe 
of this vast undertaking because sufficient 
faith has not been placed in the Holy Spirit. 
He is offering a splendid opportunity for Her 
activities; He has prepared a harvest for Her 
reaping, a people peculiarly suited to Her The Ca u 
genius; but we have not heard the call as we 
ought because His voice has been drowned 
in the babel of human suggestion. If we 
wait until schemes have been devised for the 
removal of every apparent obstacle, the op- 
portunity will be lost and the work will 
never be done. If we push forward with a 
firm faith that God will take care of all 
difficulties as they arise, ere this generation 
pass away, these people, with a genius for 
the Catholic Religion such as few people 
have ever had, will be secured for the Church, 

We have no one plan to propose in regard to 
this great work. An undertaking so pregnant 
with eternal issues cannot be bound down to 
any pre-concerted line of human action. 
This would be to limit the Holy Spirit to a 
man-made method, instead of abandoning 



28 The Mountaineers 

ourselves generously into His hands to direct 
our efforts as He wills. But the knowledge 
of facts and conditions is always indispens- 
able to the prosecution of a work and the 
time has come for the Church, without delay, 
to deal with this problem in an intelligent 
manner. Men, money, and interest are 
of needed, but above all the fervent prayers of 
the faithful. We can lay up a great treasure 
of strength by lifting up holy hands to God on 
behalf of these people of our own blood, now 
unshepherded and untaught, but whom God 
will yet make His own* Happy shall we be 
if He allow us, even in the humblest way, to 
share in the work of their salvation! 




AUUHUKACON K W. NKVK 



of the South 29 



The Missions of the Blue Ridge, Dio- 
cese of Virginia 

BY TH VBNBRABtB FfcttDBRICK W. NVB, ARCHDEACON 

When I first came to Virginia in 1888, my 
attention was soon directed to the condition 
of the people living in the Ragged Mountains 
of Albemarle County. These mountains are 
spurs of the main Blue Ridge. The con- 
dition of these people was such as to call for 
attention and earnest effort on the part of 
the Church and, as the two parishes to which 
I had been called were only a few miles dis- 
tant, the duty of caring for these neglected 
people seemed imperative. Beginning 

My predecessor at St. Paul's, Ivy, had 
been in the habit of holding a service for 
them in a school-house for some years, and it 
was through taking up the work which he had 
left behind him that I first became acquainted 



30 The Mountaineers 

with the needs of the district. To accom- 
plish any permanent results it seemed neces- 
sary to establish a church and build up a 
regular Church membership; and after about 
a year and a half this was accomplished and 
the Church of St. John Baptist was built and 
consecrated. Soon after the Mission Hall was 
also built, close beside the church, for the 
various meetings and classes which were soon 
organized and worked by faithful members 
of St. Paul's Church in Ivy, some six miles 
distant. 

For some years our mountain mission was 
Blue confined to this one centre, but the success 
attending the first enterprise suggested to 
my mind the desirability of extending the 
work to the main Blue Ridge, where I knew 
the conditions were similar, if not worse, 
than those which had prevailed in the Ragged 
Mountains. It was not till 1900 that this 
new venture was tnade but by that time, in 
spite of the fact that there were no means at 
my disposal for carrying on the work, the call 
to go forward had become so clear that it 



of the South 31 

seemed best to make a beginning and trust 
to the Good Shepherd, whose lost sheep we 
were seeking, to raise up friends and helpers. 
A teacher was found who was willing to go 
up into the heart of the mountains far from 
civilization and from the society of her own 
class, and do what she could for the poor chil- 
dren, who were growing up there almost as 
ignorant and wild as the children in some 
heathen country, Simmon's Gap in Greene 
County was the place chosen for the first 
school; and the teacher, the daughter of a 
clergyman, commenced her work without 
even a school-house and with no boarding 
place available, except a small log cabin with School 
many cracks and holes in the walls through 
which the wind blew without let or hindrance. 
A place to teach in was soon found through 
a mountaineer placing an empty dwelling 
house at our disposal, rent free. The man 
did more than this: Every morning he 
would go down to the house, cut the wood, 
and light the fire. After some months a 
gentleman who owned a grazing farm in that 



32 The Mountaineers 

neighborhood was led to build a school- 
house for us, thus in a wonderful manner the 
way was made smooth. 

By the following spring the call seemed to 
come to extend the work by opening another 
school on a mountain some three miles away, 
Mountain called the Lost Mountain. Quite a thickly 
settled community live upon the north side 
of the Lost Mountain, which was the side ly- 
ing immediately facing Simmon's Gap, the 
deep valley called Shiflett's Hollow lying be- 
tween. 

One morning while staying in a cabin near 
Simmon's Gap, I awoke very early and saw 
The through the small window a very beautiful 
Vision j^t ft was ^e L^ Mountain glorified 
by the rosy light of the dawn. Across the 
deep valley the mountain stood out in dear 
outline against the sky but the first rays of 
the rising sun had produced atmospheric 
effects, which made the mountain seem tike 
a vision of the new Jerusalem. The thought 
which came into my mind, us I saw the moun- 
tain thus glorified, was why should not the 




K 

8 



5! 

CD 







p 

S 



of the South 33 

Sun of Righteousness also rise upon the poor 
Lost Mountain? 

This thought soon became a settled purpose 
and plans were formed for opening a school 
there the following fall. During the summer 
the work was very much strengthened and ex- 
tended by the coming of a young man into the 
work, who in time came to exert a very re- 
markable influence over the minds and hearts 
of the people throughout that whole section. 
He was a mere boy of seventeen, when he 
went up there in the summer of 1901 , and the 
people were at first inclined to despise his 
youth; but before the summer was over he 
had won the hearts of all, and, not only at 
Simmon's Gap, but on the Lost Mountain and 
at still another point, large congregations were Out Door 
gathered Sunday after Sunday, The people service 
sat on logs and rocks under the trees on the 
mountain side where the services were held, 
for at the two latter places no chapels or 
school-houses were then in existence. But, 
in spite of the primitive nature of these serv- 
ices, this youthful servant of Christ made a 



34 The Mountaineers 

deep and lasting impression on the people. 

The following summer he continued his 
work there at the Lost Mountain alone, and I 
baptized thirty-three and the Bishop con- 
firmed twenty-two as a result of his two 
summer's labors. By this time, that is the 
fall of 1902, three school-houses or school 
chapels were built in that section, and the 
work was becoming well established. 

It was just at this juncture that another 

under y un # man was $ vcn ^ ^ to ^ lc wor ' c ' l ' lc 
Itov. Ceo. Rev, George P. Mayo, who, combining spirit - 
P. Mayo ua j earnestness with executive abilit y, has de- 
veloped the missions in that section up to u 
very remarkable state of efficiency. At 
the time of his coming we were con- 
fronted with a serious problem, that of 
providing better and healthier quarters for 
our workers, especially the ladies. Our first 
The Work tcac " lcr &*usly injured her health by the 
Enlarged hardships she had to endure; and it became 
necessary to do something to provide our 
workers with proper homes; for it was im- 
possible for them to do effective work when 



of the South 35 

their health was suffering. So the idea of 
Homes for workers was suggested, and be- 
fore long a site was chosen so centrally lo- 
cated that several communities were within 
easy reach. 

About this time the Woman's Auxiliary 
of the Diocese of Virginia, being anxious to 
erect a memorial chapel to the late Bishop 
Whittle, decided to give it to the mountain 
mission work. Whilst this question was dis- 
cuSvSed by the various branches of the 
Woman's Auxiliaries, a Richmond lady offered 
to build the first Mission House, or Home for Homes j or 
Workers, as a memorial to her husband, and, Workers 
as he had been a great friend of Bishop 
Whittle, she expressed a wish that the mis- 
sion house should be built near the Whittle 
Memorial Chapel. This wish was gratified 
and the first Home for Workers, the Whittle 
Memorial Chapel, a school-house, postoffice 
and other buildings, form a settlement station 
which is a centre of great activity and use- 
fulness, and which is gradually elevating the 



36 The Mountaineers 

moral and spiritual tone of the whole dis- 
trict. 

Central The Rev. George P. Mayo, who has charge 
House ^ ^ s district, lives at this mission home 
which has a matron, two deaconesses, and a 
teacher as its regular inmates, whilst in the 
summer the staff is augmented by other 
temporary workers; a deacon from the Vir- 
ginia Seminary has recently been sent up 
there by the Bishop as an assistant to the 
Rev. Mr. Mayo. 

Six other missions arc grouped around 
this central mission station at four of which 
we have Church schools. The teachers at 
these schools, though not residing at the mis- 
sion house, use it as a rest house and source 
of supplies. In addition to its ordinary de- 
Schools P artments f W0f k an( * service, it has a dis- 
pensary and a clothing bureau which are 
both of great service to the community. 
There is also a bell-tower close to the Mission 
Home, from which the bell rings twice a day 
to let the neighborhood people know the 
time. Whilst this particular mission centre 




81 



of the South 37 

was developing, the Mission House idea 
had been applied to other parts of the Arch- 
deaconry, for in 1904 the whole line of the 
Blue Ridge from one end of the Diocese to 
the other had been formed into an Arch- 
deaconry by the Bishop with the consent of 
the Diocesan Council. Out of this Arch- 
deaconry four districts were formed, which 
comprise, however, only that part of it, 
where work is being actually carried on. 
The history and developement of one dis- 
trict, that of Mr. Mayo, has already been 
described. 

We come now to a large district adjoin- 
ing Mr. Mayo's, taking in almost the whole 
of Greene County. This was placed in 
chaise of the Rev. Robb. White, Jr., a young work 

deacon from the seminary, who, although ^ 

. , ..!_ j. . j j Be.. 

entirely without experience, succeeded in white, Jr. 

meeting the needs of the situation in a very 
remarkable manner. The condition in which 
he found the mountain people, when he was 
sent there was very deplorable. 
In some of the mountain hollows, into 



38 The Mountaineers 

which he penetrated, he went at the risk of 
his life. Criminals went unpunished, and the 
ordinary laws of morality were entirely dis- 
regarded. At the very outset he saw the ne- 
cessity of breaking up a gang of evildoers, who 
were terrorizing not only the mountains hut 
also the neighborhood of the county-seat it- 
self. To bring about a restoration of law and 
order he formed a Law and Order League, of 
which he was the first President. Ik* at once 
set to work to bring the offenders to justice* 
with the result that the ringleaders were 
placed in the penitentiary, illicit stills dosed, 
and the way prepared for the work of build- 
ing up a new and better social order. 

Two school-houses were soon erected, one 
of them dost* to a hollow where the |>eople 
seemed to be in a more degraded awl hopeless 
condition than any that we had so far come 
across. At this school the teacher, a cour- 
ageous young man! was obliged to employ a 
stalwart youth belonging to the nei>{hlx>r- 
hood to keep order at the lower end of the 
room, and pass up to Hit- front those who 



of the South 39 

were desirous of securing an education. The 
worst characters, men and women, would 
congregate at the door of the scliool-house, 
where dog fights would be arranged, followed 
by man fights, all of which, distracting as 
they were to the teacher and pupils, had to 
be endured. 

Before long the school-houses were sup- More 
plemented by two Mission Homes, similar Mls sion 
to the one in Mr. Mayo's district though not 
so large. One of these Mission Homes, the 
larger of the two, is situated at Lydia in 
Swift's Run Gap. It was built by a lady in 
Brooklyn who was moved to this act of gen- 
erosity by the sight of some pictures of the 
Mission Home in Shifletts Hollow. 

In connection with this mission, and stand- 
ing side by side with the Home for workers, is 
a vsmall cottage hospital. This was Mr. Robb. 
White's idea, and was suggested to his mind 
by the ignorance of the mountain people 
with regard to nursing and the use of medi- 
cine. He had found by experience that it 
was practically useless to leave medicine at 



40 The Mountaineers 

the house or cabin of a sick person, no matter 
how clear and definite the instructions 
given. They could not read anything writ- 
ten upon the bottle, and oral instructions 
were either forgotten or they were so afraid 
of giving the medicine too often or not often 
enough that they would probably not give 
it at all; or, perhaps, they would pour some 
out of the bottle to make believe that it had 
been given to the patient. Then, too, the 
chances in favor of a person seriously ill 
Tllc with such a disease as pneumonia or typhoid 
Hospital fever are slight indeed, on account of -the 
unsanitary conditions of the cabins and 
hovels in which the people live and also 
from the fact that these hovels which consist 
often of one room down stairs and a loft 
above, are crowded with large families of 
children, This of course moans that still- 
ness and quiet are out of the question, 
Many of the people, moreover, liave much 
more faith in charms and incantations than 
in genuine medical treatment. Go one oc- 
casion Mr. Robb, White discovered a young 




P 

s 

w 



a 
g 






j5 

3 
3 

OQ 



of the South 41 

man suffering from frozen feet. His friends 
had applied the following strange remedies 
the feet had been wrapped in the skins of 
rabbits killed during the dark of the moon 
and, to add to the efficacy of the treatment, 
a crooked penny had been buried at the 
north east corner of the cabin on the outside 
just where the water drops from the eaves. 

This and many similar experiences im- 
pressed Mr. White with the urgent need for 
a hospital and, by laying the matter before 
his relatives and personal friends, he suc- 
ceeded in raising the money but was unfor- 
tunately obliged to leave the field and take 
up work elsewhere before the hospital was 
completed. It stands, however, now com- 
plete as one of the lasting monuments of his 
self-sacrificing work in this section. 

At the Lydia settlement, a deaconess is in 
charge of the Mission House, with a trained 
nurse for the hospital, one teacher for the 
mission school not far off, and other tempor- 
ary workers help out from time to time. At 
the other and smaller mission house in this 



42 The Mountaineers 

same district two sisters }ive and work, one 
teaches in the school adjoining, the other 
does the visiting and other general mis- 
sion work. This point, Pocosan, is one of 
the hardest places in the whole Archdeaconry, 
but these two ladies have held their ground, 
at this lonely and remote outpost of the 
Church, with great courage and persever- 

The ance. 

Western We will leave now the eastern side of the 
Side 

Blue Ridge, where most of the development 

has so far taken place, and come to the large 
district on the western side of the Ridge which 

Rev, J. R. 5s in charge of the Rev, J. R. Kllis. This 

Kills 

' district is fifty xniks long, and extends the en- 

tire length of the counties of Rockingham 
and Page, The various mission points are 
however rendered more accessible from the 
fact thut on this side of the Blue Ridge the 
railroad skirts the base of the mountains. 
Yet in spite of the fact that the mountain 
hollows run down in many cases to the rail* 
road, the people who live in them are little, 
if at all, in advance of the mountaineers in 



of the South 43 

the eastern side of the Ridge, where the rail- 
road is far distant. There is the same need 
for the various agencies for enlightenment 
which the Church can bring to them. 

The Rev. Mr. Ellis, who has his headquar- _ _ _ 
^ < , ^ . < . Schools 

ters at Elkton, has come into the field within j^a 

the last three years after having proved his Chapels 
capacity as a spiritual leader in another part 
of the Diocese. He has already opened one 
school which has as its teacher a great-grand- 
daughter of Bishop Meade. The school has 
grown so much that it will be necessary to 
employ two teachers this fall; and, in addi- 
tion, Mr. Ellis hopes to open several new 
schools in the near future. Five churches 
and chapels are scattered throughout his 
field and plans are made to build one more 
very soon. The growth and importance of 
the work in this district has led the Bishop 
to give Mr. Ellis one of the recently ordained 
deacons as an assistant, and the prospects 
are bright for a rapid extension of the 
Church's influence in this large field. 
It is necessary now to return to the point 



44 The Mountaineers 

from which we started at the beginning 
Bagged of this chapter, viz., to the part of the 



kept the Ragged Mountain missions under 
my own immediate supervision. Although 
only one mission in the Ragged Mountains 
has so far been mentioned, still, while the 
other three districts have grown and de- 
veloped, this, the original district, has been 
growing too. 

There are now three churches in the 
Ragged Mountains proper, with a small 
mission house attached to one of them in 
which a lady mission worker resides. There 
is also a chapel at Crozet on the railroad, 
a small town at the base of the Blue Ridge, 
and in addition two missions have been 
formed at important soap-stone quarries to 
which several hundred workmen have been 
attracted by a higher rate of wages. Many 
of these work people have come from the 
Ragged Mountains. At one of these soap- 
stone quarries we have a mission house con- 
sisting of a chapel on the ground floor and 




s 

3-8 

K 



1 



OH 
>2 

3 S 

Bl 

sj 

M 

Jjj 

S 



of the South 45 

living rooms for the workers on the floor 
above. At the other and larger of the quar- 
ries, where eight hundred men are at work 
and where a large plant has been established, 
we have succeeded in building a stone church 
capable of holding from two to three hundred 
people. At this point we have a Sunday 
School with one hundred scholars in regular 
attendance. Mr. Irving BatcheUor of the 
University of .Virginia has done a very com- 
mendable work here and the success attained 
is in a great measure due to his efforts, to the 
cooperation and backing of the president of 
the soap-stone company and to his family, 
who were principally instrumental in the 
building of the church. 

My headquarters are at Ivy, where I still 
serve as rector of the parish church, but my 
connection with the Mission Church of St. 
John Baptist, which was the starting point of 
the whole work, is still as dose as ever and I 
have had the satisfaction of seeing a new gen- 
eration of people grow up, who have been 
taught and trained from childhood at this 



t6 The Mountaineers 

mission. For the last four years I have liecu 
greatly assisted here by a resident worker, 
Miss Smart, who has given herself to the 
Mission and who receives no remuneration 
for her services. 

It will thus be seen from the description 
which has been given of the development 
of the work, that it had a very small begin- 
ning; but that, through the blessing of Al- 
mighty God, it has grown to large propor- 
tions which comprise the greater part of four 
counties within its borders; and yet there is 
plenty of room for further development. 
The Archdeaconry is, as has been said, divided 
into four large districts, each of which when 
properly manned should have two or more 
The Needs ^^ j^^ an( j al wor k ^thin its Ixmlers, 

The number of schools at present is eight, 
while several more are already planned. 

Between thirty and forty missions, mostly 
organized, are being provided for and over 
twenty clerical and lay missionaries are at 
work, 

Owing to the rapid growth of the work and 




BEACON HOLLOW SCHOOL CHAPEL 



of the South 47 

the number of difficult problems that present 
themselves, especially in regard to the finan- 
cial support of our various undertakings, the New 
Diocesan Council in 1906 consented to the etho<ls 
appointment of an advisory board to assist 
in the supervision of the work and to 
share in the responsibilities connected with 
it. This board consists of four clergymen and 
five laymen, who reside in or near the Arch- 
deaconry, and it has been of great assistance 
to me, in giving valuable advice and council, 
and in relieving me of the burden of financial 
responsibility which wa& rapidly becoming 
too heavy to be borne. For up to the time 
of the appointment of this board the Arch*- 
deacon wa$ himself personally responsible 
for the support of most of the work, and, if 
he were unsuccessful in raising the money 
required, he had to borrow money, in his own 
name and on his own credit, to meet the de- 
ficiency. The creation of the advisory board 
has, however, brought this condition of things 
to an end. In the immediate future a new 
and larger venture of faith is to be made in 



48 The Mountaineers 

the shape of a large industrial school, for the 
conviction has been growing in our minds 
that it is along industrial lines that the ulti- 
mate solution of the problem will be found. 

This does not mean, however, that the 
work will cease to be developed along other 
lines, or that religion will no longer be the 
most important factor in the work. But it 
tncans that the young people will be taught 
and trained to make a better use of what 
gifts and talents they possess, and to turn to 
better account the opportunities which lie 
ready for them in the communities in which 
they live. It means that there will be better 
and more comfortable homes; that there will 
be happier lives, because more full of varied 
interests; that there will be more prosperous 
communities; and that there will be n higher 
and better standard of living, physically, 
morally, and spiritually. 




RV. H, M. 



of the South 49 



Missionary Work in West Virginia 

Bv ARCHDEACON B. M. SPURR 

It was when doing chaplain's work in the The Call 
State Penitentiary at Moundsvffle, W. Va., 
that the Missionaiy discovered that, while 
most of the white convicts came from the 
districts of the Blue Ridge and the Alle- 
ghenies and were men often eager to be 
taught the Way of Life, they had had neither 
the home training, the necessary schooling 
nor the service of the Church among the 
mountains and valleys from which they came. Bbie 

The Church here at Moundsville was small, 

Then 
paying a salary of $400.00 a year, for nigh 

twenty-eight years. One of the parishioners 
said that it took one month at the beginning 
of the year to get the subscription list and 
three months at the end of the year with a 
horse and buggy to collect the same. How 



50 The Mountaineers 

then was it possible that any work, outside 
of the regular parish life should be carried on ? 
Another thing troubled one, the town was sup- 
supposed to be "prohibition/ 1 and yet by ac- 
tual count fourteen "speak-easies" or \vhat are 
in other places called "blind-tigers" were do- 
ing a profitable but destructive business, 
The About this time the Missionary received 

Beginning an i nv jt a tion to address a congregation in 
Ascension Church, New York, where the 
needs of the work and the ardent prayers of 
the speaker for his people moved at least one 
friend to determine to help him carry out 

his plans. This friend Mrs. asked the 

speaker to lunch and then demanded, 11 How 
much can you raise towards this new build- 
ing?" The answer came promptly, "$3,000, " 
"Then 'raise it,' and 1 will furnish the rest/' 
which proved afterwards to be about $18,000. 
What this building was will be shown by 
an incident which occurred as follows: As 
the building was Hearing completion the 
Missionary was accosted by one of the poor 
white men with these queries: 



of the South 51 

"Say, Rector, is that (pointing to the new 
building) going to be a Church building?" 
"Surely." 

"Air you going to have a bowling alley?" 
"Yes, two." 

"And a pool room and gymnasium?" 
"Yes! Indeed." 

"And baths and a place where you can 
borrow books?" "Surely." 

"Then they tell me, yer are going to have 
a place to eat and sleep the people in, air "Church 
ye?" "Well not exactly as you say 'eat and 
sleep 'em/ but we are going to serve meals 
and have rooms to rent like the regular 
hotel." 

"Then air you going to have a place for 
the women of the Church to sew and do other 
things in?" "We could not get along with- 
out that." 

"Then they tell me you are going to have 
a 'kitternergarten* in that Church Hotel, are 
ye?" "Well we hope so," Then said the 
man with emphasis "Yer cracked all around. " 
It has been a common thing for the Rector 



52 The Mountaineers 

in school days, after uttering unusual things, 
to hear some one say, "Why man you are 
cracked," but to be "cracked all around" 
was a new view, and the listener did not know 
but what the man spoke the truth; for both 
the venture and the idea were new in the 
town where the scheme was to be tried. 
But why should a business venture under 
the auspices of a church be counted a thing 
increditable. 

The building was finally finished, and a 
call came from New York to meet the lady 
by whose command it had been begun. 
The Missionary remembers quite well how 
brightly the sun shone as he made his way 
up Fifth Avenue and how his heart danced 
for joy as he thought of the burden of debt 
soon to be removed. He had exceeded by 
far what the lady had expected and raised 
$8,000 instead of $3,000 and now he was to 
receive a check for $13,000 and thus clear 
off the debt. But the crape on the door sent 
a chill of fear to the Missionary's heart, and 
the burden became almost unendurable as 



of the South 53 

the man who answered the door said, "I am 
sorry, Sir, the Mistress died suddenly last 
night without speaking a word.' 1 

There had been no time for a will and no 
provision had been made by the dead friend 
for the debt contracted in putting up the 
new building. The Missionary's condition 
on hearing these words was the same that 
morning as on another morning later, when 
it had been his work to minister to a con- 
demned man on the scaffold in a prison 
death-house where after having said the 
prayer, he saw the victim of the law drop 
through the trap from time into eternity 
and coming down the scaffold steps was 
greeted by the Warden with the words, 
"Why Rector! you look as though you had 
been hung." And that was almost true for 
the dead had ceased to fed pain while for 
nights the horror of that scene, likened to 
many another in the same place, was in 
every dream or sleeping hour. So the Mis- 
sionary started his Missionary work with 
the handicap of that debt and has only re- 



54 



The Mountaineers 



Magnitude 
and 

Success of 
the Work 



The 

Kinder- 
garten 



ceived one gift of $3,000 toward its reduc- 
tion. The remainder of the debt has been 
paid off by the natural earnings of the hotel 
and amusement part of the building. The 
Trinity Institute is, at this date, owned by 
the Diocese of West Virginia. 

There are a vast number of interesting 
incidents which might readily be told, but 
the command was "limit this article" to so 
many words. So it is almost sufficient to 
say, that this building was a thorough suc- 
cess both in its hotel, amusement, library, 
and school part; there being an average of 
attendance in the latter of 104 children, 
whilst over 400 men and women constituted 
the membership of the Institute, What we 
aimed to do was to aid each man, and woman, 
and child to help him or herself and, when 
they gave evidence of trying to do this, to 
give the help they were unable to provide, 

In the Kindergarten we accepted a limited 
number of the children of the best families 
in the town and these coming in contact, in 
all the school hours as well as very often in 



of the South 55 

the street, with the poorest possible kind of 
children gave to the latter the contrast and 
impulse needed to aid them in their struggle 
for cleanliness and betterment of manners. 
It would be well if we could remember that 
children, without reference to grade or rank, 
are more sensitive to their surroundings 
than grown-ups; but this fact is very largely 
overlooked and forgotten in child-training. 
So the ills and woes of childhood, whilst real 
and potent and giving either the greatest 
joy or the keenest pain, are looked upon by 
many as simply indications of the child and 
not the real feelings of a human being. 

The school rooms were opened but, look- 
ing at those who had gathered within their 
walls, one was struck, at once, with the fact 
that the very poorest children, for whom the 
work had really been begun, were repre- 
sented only by a minority ; hence it was neces- 
sary to go out and compel them to come in. 

Knocking at one of the doors of a poor 
shanty, in a street not far away, the Mission- 
ary asked a woman, who answered the knock, 



56 The Mountaineers 

for two of her children she had five 
"Molly, I want May and Clara to put them in 
school." " What for, the Kitternergarden? ' ' 
"Yes." 

"Nuh! ye can't have em." "But look 
here Molly, you cannot keep them clean and 
clothe them, at least you don't; let me have 
them and I will care for them/' 

"What! Yell give them shoes and stock- 
ings?" "Yes, indeed/' 

"And a dress and coat?" "Surely." 

"And a hood?" "Yes." 

"Then you can take the whole lot of *em." 

May and Clara were taken to the school 
and received at the hands of the matron 
their first real bath. When properly dressed 
and brought back to the missionary he 
recognized instantly, that hud he not known 
that the two children had gone out and that 
they were to come back, he would not liave 
beeti able to tell that the two youngsters, 
cleansed and happy, were the ones he had 
brought to the matron* Taking the younger 
bv the hand he went back to the mother's 



of the South 57 

cabin, the child dancing along in perfect glee 
and joy; she now had real new things, not 
"hand-me-downs," for the first time. The 
mother came to the door and said, "Why, 
sir! the children have not come back." 
And then the "we un" who had stood behind 
the Missionary came out and set up a chirp- 
ing, chuckling laugh. The mother, greatly 
astonished, said, "Why, May, is that you?" 
But that was really nothing. Clinging to 
the mother's dress was the dirtiest kind of a g ome 
child about two years old. The mother Beform 
looked at the dean child, and then at the 
dirty one, and again at the dean child, then 
picking up the bottom part of her dress put 
it in her mouth and streaked the dirtiest 
spots off the youngest child's face. That 
was the beginning of civilization, if deanli- 
ness means civilization. Every day when 
the dean children came home from the 
kindergarten, and stood by the side of the 
dirty ones, Molly realized how very dirty 
the latter were. The cloth.es and shoes had 
been given to the children with the distinct 



58 The Mountaineers 

understanding that they were to be kept 
and worn by the children only so long as the 
mother kept them clean and presentable; and 
whilst Molly didn't like the cleaning process 
in any stage, neither did she like the idea of 
giving up the clothes, and, as she didn't want 
to enable Mrs. Adam to get ahead of her, she 
reluctantly did her best to keep the children 
presentable. It is not to be understood 
from this, that they were as clean as they 
might be or as desirable; but they were a 
good deal better than they had been, and 
this by a natural process which continued 
from day to day. 

All the children of the school were given at 
Eastertide pots of plants and were instructed 
in their proper care. Further they were 
told to bring these plants back ut a certain 
time of the year when the care and attention 
given to them were rewarded by prizes. 
This, of course, gave great delight to the 
children, but that was only part of the work 
of the plants, for the children had been told 
that unless windows be properly cleansed 




s 

if 



1 

*>* 

? 

J 



of the South 59 

plants cannot live and flourish. Cleaning 
the windows revealed dusty and dirty 
places in the floor, shelves, window-frames, 
nooks, and crannies; and this revelation led, 
in the majority of cases, to the scouring of 
the houses and thus again were the children 
helped toward a betterment of life. 

Visiting among these poor people who Beginnings 
lived in shacks, cabins, old houses, and in H s 
boats on the banks of the river one saw great 
distress and misery. Typhoid fever, malaria, 
and various other diseases caused much suf- 
fering. There was no provision either by 
hospital or infirmary for the care of the poor, 
while the sick ex-convicts, and outcast women 
in the time of their need had no proper place 
to go. This led to the establishment at 
Glendale of what was called "God's Provi- 
dence Home," recalling to mind the old text 
graven in the oak on the house in Chester, 
England, "God's Providence is mine Inherit- 
ance." Without regard to race or religion, 
simply because of their need, all who asked 
help were given it promptly at this refuge. 



60 The Mountaineers 



Reynolds Then the need became greater, and a friend 
Memorial ^d her daughter in New York gave the 
means for establishing Reynolds Memorial. 
Hospital, where those who are sick and with- 
out means are daily cared for "In His Name;" 
that men may understand that the Christ is 
not dead, but ever lives; that we are not to 
look for His coming again as a thing of the fu- 
ture, but rather that He daily comes in every 
act of kindness or gracious word spoken; and 
that His raising the dead, healing the sick, 
and giving sight to the blind is a matter of 
hourly incident where His work is done in a 
hospital, or in a prison, or in any place where 
human need is apparent, and is relieved. 

In this hospital between five and six hun- 
dred patients are taken care of every year, of 
whom not less than fifty per cent, are cared 
for free of charge- From twelve to sixteen 
young women are being educated in the 
Training School for the career of nurses. 
Four of these graduate each year. These 
undergraduate nurses are housed in the 
northern wing of the hospital which was 




3 



5 

5 

s 



of the South 61 

erected in 1902, while the main building was 
completed in 1899. 

On the grounds of the hospital are raised 
all the vegetables needed for the inmates. 
A well equipped dairy provides milk for the 
sick, and both dairy and garden also earn a 
considerable sum of money each year from 
the sale of the surplus produce. 

When Henry Drummond was leaving 
Japan, he promised the Japanese more men 
for the mission work in that country, and one 
replied to him, "Send us no more men of 
doctrine. We want 'the cup of cold water 
man.' We understand him." So in all this 
work, while people may not understand much 
of what we say in the pulpit or its practical 
direction, they can never misunderstand the 
effort to bless and save the sick, or fail to 
know that this is what the Master would 
have us do. 

In the eastern end of the Diocese, on the 
Blue Ridge Mountains five miles from 
Charleston and across the Shenadoah River, 
we have St. Andrew's Mission. In the midst 



<>2 The Mountaineers 

of twenty acres of beautiful land "The Sarah 
Upham Upham Sprague Memorial House," given by 
Spraguc Mrs. Walter Baylies of Boston, stands- 
Memorial p rac tically the Settlement House for twenty 
miles of territory. Within its walls dwell 
the teachers of the school, the district nurse, 
and the clergyman who ministers at this 
point and at Christ Church twelve miles away. 
The nurse has a regular line of drugs and 
does the work of a doctor as well as a nurse. 
The physician lives miles away, so the nurse 
visiting the sick, reports symptoms to the 
doctor who prescribes over the 'phone; the 
nurse compounds the prescription and sees 
to its being administered to the sick patient. 
What this work of the district nurse means 
only those can understand who have visited 
the mountain cabins, or know from experience 
the unspeakable poverty and need of those 
to whom she ministers. Not only docs the 
nurse minister to the sick but by actual 
work shows the necessity of a clean home, 
clean bed linen, and clean personal appear- 
ance, and thus aids the progress expected by 




8 

I 

o 



& 

B 



a 



of the South 63 

all who have the work at heart. The gospel 
of soap and water and properly prepared food 
and the Gospel of Christ go hand in hand, 
and who shall deny their power? 

The missionary remembers well his first 
service in this church. The women occupied 
one side of the house and the men the other; gt. An- 
the women with children occupied the two draw's 
first seats, and the children of these same ur 
women occupied the floor of the chancel. 
That service was a game of hide and seek as 
far as the officiating minister was concerned; 
and the condition of his garments afterward 
gave emphasis to the fact that he knew ex- 
actly what a Turkish bath could be without 
entering a bath house. Right in the middle 
of the service another incident, amusing and 
perplexing, occurred. A man, bucket in 
hand, went from seat to seat and ladled out 
to the thirsty such water as he deemed 
necessary, but all with the air of "this is the 
proper thing." This was quite startling 
and thoroughly disconcerting to the un- 
initiated and in utter contrast to the orderly 



64 The Mountaineers 

and reverent conduct of the congregation 
which now assemble from week to week in 
that same church. 
The I/ippitt Memorial Hall is the great 

Memorial P" ace * otlr ac ^ v *^ es ; within its walls are 
Hall found the various instrumentalities for giving 
the children an excellent education, fitting 
them for entrance into the high school, 
teaching them carpentry, m$inery t dress- 
making, basket work, in fact every thing 
that will conduce to more habitable dwelling, 
palatable eating, and sanitary conditions of 
living. There is not a cabin on the moun- 
tains for miles around but what tears abun- 
dant evidence of the practical value and 
power of this work. The young children will 
walk from five to eight miles to school almost 
regardless of the condition of the weather; 
men from twenty-five to sixty-two years of 
atfe will hasten four or five miles to night 
school, although during the day some of 
them have lulx>red hard in the quarries and 
have walked to and from their work, twelve 
miles at least, to learn the three R's and 




a 






e 



of the South 65 

manual work in our Industrial Hall; these 
things should be abundant evidence not only 
of the need of the work, but also of the eager 
desire of the mountaineers to receive what is 
offered, 

The next school on our list is at Ansted on 
the Allegheny Mountains. Here we have a School 
day school where the children receive instruc- 
tion in regular school work, while in addition 
a regular course of training in the industrial 
branches is given by the teachers in charge. 
It is not only that the school work is more 
efficient but it means the difference between a 
three months term and a nine months term, 
and thus enables the children to make a 
steady progress quite different from what 
they would obtain in a district school, and 
they have the added advantage of a Christian 
training. In this building we have also the 
reading room, library, billiards and pool 
tables, for the men who take eager advantage 
of the provisions thus made. 

In this part of the work, the cry is not, 
"Don't go to the saloon," but rather, "Come 



66 The Mountaineers 

hither for the best that can be provided of 
diversion and amusement." 

The county of Fayette in which this school 
is located is one of the smallest in the state, 
There are 56 counties in the state* and from 
these we have 834 prisoners, of which number 
136 come from the county of Fayette. This 
ought to speak volumes as to the need of the 
work. The Missionary in charge at this 
point has sixteen other places in which he 
holds services. 

SMtfrlne ^ Sheltering Arms Hospital l>egan its 
Arm* work eighteen years ago. It provides for 
Hospital |j le curc O j f] lc m j ners an( } railroad men who 

are brought to its doors almost every day 
crushed, bleeding, and mangled, That it 
has enough to do is abundantly evidenced by 
the fact tliat every room and ward within 
the building is crowded, and that even the 
hallways have to be occupied by those* who 
need the care of nurses and physicians, It 
is not only the mine and railroad that pro- 
vide patients* but the unsanitary condition of 
thousands of the houses provides a great 



of the South 67 

number of patients suffering from typhoid 
and other diseases. Sometimes we are asked , 
"But does not the State provide for such 
cases?' 1 and readily comes the answer, 
"Absolutely no." If a man be injured in a 
mine or on the railroad he can go to the State 
Hospital, seventy miles away, and be taken 
care of, but should he be suffering from 
typhoid, or any other disease, the state 
makes no provision for him. Only a man- 
gled, crushed, or burnt body opens the doors 
of the State Hospital. 

Every one experienced in hospital work 
will bear witness that the greater number of 
patients is found among the women, and the 
least number among the children, though the 
latter need occasional aid. But the fact 
that you are not a man, hurt in the mine 
or on the railroad, is the only reason why the 
state makes no provision for you. "Women 
and children have no votes." The maimed 
man is provided for by the state, but the 
maimed or sick woman or child have no pro- 
vision made for them whatever. 



88 The Mountaineers 

Growth of Eighteen years ago Bishop Pelerkin started 
Hospital this work in an old house. From year to 
year additions have been made, until the 
last addition that can be has been added, 
and still there is not room to contain the 
number that comes. Sixty to sixty-five 
patients are crowded into a building which 
has only fair provision for forty. And every 
day bears witness that something must be 
done to increase the accommodations. 

So the Missionary drew plans and then, 
with the Bishop as partner, went through 
the coal fields and mountain districts of the 
southern ]>art of the state and earnestly 
pleaded, with those who had means to give 
help, in the endeavor for the new building. 
Courteously they were listened to, and ap- 
parently gladly helped. They received from 
the people, subscribing $1.00 and upwards, 
$25,000 towards the erection of the new 
vSheltering Aim With this fact for a basis 
of a plea the Missionary went to the North 
and received from his many friends there 
more than mere encouragement. 



of the South 69 

The two new buildings will cost $70,000 
They are located in the midst of thirteen 
acres of ground. At one end of the ground 
is the old hospital. At the other end the 
church and rectory; the new building stands 
midway between. 

It is in this field of labor that the woman 
missionary, provided by The Board of Mis- 
sions, is located and has done a most efficient 
work. 

Last year the old hospital took care of 648 
patients, of whom practically all were free. 
Whilst the Training School for Nurses, which 
is run in connection with this Hospital, sent 
out six graduate nurses in 1906. 

In these various works we have three 
clergymen, one, the Archdeacon, being with- 
out any cost whatever to the Church, either Work 
in the shape of salary or traveling expenses. 
Besides these three there are twenty-six 
nurses in the Training School for Nurses and 
four district nurses who do regular work out- 
side among the poor. Twelve hundred 
patients are cared for yearly by the two 



70 The Mountaineers 

hospitals, and nearly 1,300 emergency cases 
are cared for by the district nurses. 

In the schools 200 children are educated, 
many of whom have to be clothed and shod. 
An average of 40 discharged prisoners are 
helped annually, while i ,248 convicts in prison 
are ministered to constantly by personal 
visits and gifts of magazines, pictures, books 
and Bibles. To cany on this work costs 
$38,000 each year, of which sum we earn and 
raise within the diocese $23,000. So that it 
is evident to all that every effort must be put 
forth by us before we ask any one else to 
lend us aid. 

Of course this $23,000 has no reference 
whatever to the new buildings which from 

pcndltaws t " ne to *" ne must k ercctec ' b ut on "y means 
the account for daily bread and housing of 

those who work and those who are ministered 
unto. Except for the old Sheltering Anns 
Hospital and large help given by the Rev. 
Mr. Lewis for Ansted, the rest of tlie build- 
ings have been put up and the work sup- 
ported by the friends of the Missionary, out- 



of the South 71 

side and within the diocese. All these 
properties, together with the new building 
now being erected, are valued conservatively 
at $239,000 with a possible debt of $25,000 
which we are perfectly sure will exist but for 
a short space of time. Making a plea for 
this work always commands a ready response 
and an abundant provision to carry it on. 

Any sum of money is earnestly asked to 
aid the discharged prisoner, and outcast 
womaja,or to meet the incidental expenses 
of the Hospitals, Schools and Churches, thus 
to keep the Missionary from those worries 
which hamper and burden, far more than all 
the work put together. 

We need the prayers of all those who love 
the I<ord, and who show that love by their 
love and tenderness to humanity; praying 
that our hands may be strengthened, our 
souls blessed, and that without pride, but 
with all vigor and assurance, we may do the 
work of Him who died to save. "Comfort 
ye, comfort ye my people, saith your God/' 



72 The Mountaineers 



Missions and Schools in the District of 
Asheville. 

BY THE RBV. WALTER HUGHSON 

The mission and school work in Western 
North Carolina began with the efforts of 
Bishop Ives at Valle Crucis in the forties. 
An account of this is given on another page. 

The Reverend John A. Deal, in Macon and 
^ a y coun ^ es established an extensive work 
District before the making of this new missionary 
district. In 1894 the Reverend Churchill 
Satterlee came to Morganton. Shortly after 
his coming he found the need of schools and 
he established five of them at various points 
around the town. They were successful 
and when he left in 1900 his successor, the 
writer, found them in a flourishing condition. 
During the six years of the latter's charge of 
this work the five schools grew to eight and a 
mission was started at each place. He has 




II 



I! 

M.9 



of the South 73 

been over all the western part of the state 
and he is prepared to say without hesitancy 
that he found more poverty, illiteracy, and 
need in Burke County than in any other place 
that he has ever visited. But the work made 
tremendous changes, and wherever the 
Church went there came a transformation 
within three years. The missions were 
started where there was great need for edu- 
cation, and as soon as success was apparent, 
a "free" school was often built, not always 
with the best motives but often from a 
standpoint of jealous competition. The free 
school-house and meeting house often went 
hand in hand. The Church painted its 
buildings, and then the neighboring chap- 
els and school-houses, many of them never 
painted before, began to clean and paint up. 
The Church in every way has been a tremen- 
dous example for good. 

During the past few years the mill work has Work 
been strongly developed. The poorest moun- 
taineer and his family have been brought People 
down from the far away mountain, cove or 



74 The Mountaineers 

valley and put in the "mill row. ' ' Our efforts 
with these people have been most successful. 
They responded quickly to appeal, and at the 
Morganton mill the owners became greatly in- 
terested and built a good school-house which 
is also used for a chapel. The same thing was 
done at High Shoals. The greatest oppor- 
tunity for this mill work is in Gastonia in Gas- 
ton County, where there are between forty 
and fifty mills. Up to this time nothing has 
been done there, solely from the lack of funds. 
The Reverend W. H, Hardin is anxiously 
waiting for the opportunity. He is in charge 
of the work in this county and one of the most 
consecrated and energetic men in the district. 
Every year the needs press upon us, peo- 
ple axe continually coming to us and repeat- 
ing the old cry, "Come over and help us," 

After the burning of the old rectory at 

Morganton in 1902, a large and substantial 

ajad ory rectory and mission house was built, by the 

Mission assistance of our friends all over the country, 

House as ^ ma d e the centre of the work there. The 
Centre , , , . , . 

teachers, who worked in the town, lived at 







fc 



of the South 75 

the rectory; the clothing bureau had a special 
room in the house; in a comer of the same 
room a dispensary was started. In 1904 the 
Visiting Nurse came and took up her part of 
the work, and lived at the rectory. The nurs- 
ing work developed so rapidly that an appeal 
was made for a hospital. The response came 
quickly. A lot across from the rectory was 
purchased and a beautiful hospital was built 
and fully equipped. It has done great serv- 
ice for the past year. The hospital has saved Hospital 
at least twenty lives. It is by far the most 
successful work that has been started in the 
District. 

From the Morganton rectory there radiate 
roads to every point in the compass, leading 
to a mission and school. The results of the 
past six years are an illustration 'of what has 
been accomplished elsewhere. 
In round numbers: 

Baptisms 375 

Confirmations 175 

School children 400 

Members of Sunday schools... 700 



76 The Mountaineers 

A rectory, three school houses, one mission 
station and a hospital have been built. 

At Hendersonville, the Reverend R. N. 
sonvOle, Willcox has in successful operation three 
etc. schools and missions, all started in the past 
three years. At I/incolnton, there are three 
schools, and near the city of Asheville in the 
district called the Ravenscroft Associate 
Mission, there are four schools and two more at 
Biltmore. At Tryon and Saluda, under the 
direction of the Reverend E. N. Joyner, a 
successful educational work is carried on. 
The Waynesville group has three schools with 
two more to be started at once. A most beau- 
tiful chapel has just been built at Balsam. 

The plan in this District is to have a town 
parish as a centre where an associate priest, 
when possible, and the teachers and workers 
make up the Associate -Mission. The plan 
has worked well with the exception of mak- 
Mtesion i&S a parish the centre; the interests of parish 
Plan and missions are so different, in this partic- 
ular field, that in some ways it has its serious 
draw-backs. 




E 



E 
1 

2 
I 



i 



of the South 77 

The industrial school for boys, founded by 
the Reverend T. C. Wetmore, one of the most 
brilliant young men in this mission field who 
died in 1906, is called Christ School and is 
located at Arden. It is continued by Mrs. 
Wetmore who is a fitting successor to her 
husband, consecrated to the work amongst 
the boys and young men of the mountains. Arden 

The following table shows the extent of 
the work in the District of Asheville. It is 
thoroughly and well organized with as faith- 
ful a corps of clergymen, men and women 
workers as is to be found anywhere. 



7S The Mountaineers 
Statistical Table 

DISTRICT OF ASHEVTLLE 




No. of 




No. of 


SCHOOL 


Teach- 


Value of 


Schol- 




ers 


Property 


ars '07 


Arden, Christ School, (Industrial). 


6 


$11,000 


125 


Balsam, Holy Communion School .. 


. 2 


700 


104 


Bat Cave, Transfiguration School. . 


1 


500 


45 


BeU, Haw Creek, Trinity School . 


2 


400 


81 


Biltmore, All Souls School 


5 


20,000 


112 


Edneyvflle, St. Paul's School 


2 


200 


76 


Franklin, St. Cyprian's School 


1 


2,500 


45 


High Shoals, St. John's School 


2 




33 


Lenior, St. James' School 


. 1 




25 


Ldncolnton, St. Luke's School 


1 




30 


Lincoln Co. , Ch. of Our Saviour 


1 




25 


Micadale, St. Mary's School .. . 


2 


1,800 


50 


Morganton, Good Shepherd School 


. 2 


450 


57 


St. George's School . . 


1 


600 


33 


St. Mary's School 


1 


350 


28 


St. Margaret's School 


1 


1,000 


82 


St. Michael's School 


1 


400 


30 


St Paul's School 


1 


600 


40 


Rutherfordton, St. Francis School.., 


. 1 


. 


15 


Saluda, Transfiguration School 


2 


. 


81 


Tryon, Holy Gross School 


1 




12 


Upward, St. John Baptist School 


1 


500 


49 


Valle Crucis, Holy Cross (Indust.) , 


, 3 


$25,000 


60 




H 

B 



of the South 



79 



Comparative Expenses of Mission and 
City Church Work 



1901 



Baptism* ma,i 

WaynesviUe Missions and Schools .. 
lancolnton . . . ... 

Morganton 

Totals for three Asheville groups 
St. George's, New York. 
St. Bartholomew's, New York 
Holy Trinity, Philadelphia . 
The Saviour, Philadelphia 
Emmanuel, Boston . 
Holy Trinity, Brooklyn .. 

Comparative cost of Missionary Work in the District of 
Asheville with that of typical parishes doing aggressive 
work in large cities. The Asheville expenditures include 
all money used for improvements as well as for actual cur- 
rent expenses. 



75 


50 


* 2,500 


26 


21 


2,150 


79 


52 


3,500 


180 


123 


8,150 


181 


204 


74,683 


62 


121 


147,445 


34 


90 


40,626 


53 


45 


16,821 


33 


27 


23,838 


24 


29 


39,509 



80 The Mountaineers 



The Valle Crucis Mission and School 

BY THIS REV. K. N. JOYNBR OF THB DISTRICT OF ASHBTILLB 

The discovery of the "Vale of the Cross," 
with its regions round about, is due to science, 
that noble twin brother of true religion. 
Their union for truth seeking and world en- 
lightenment, of which this is an impressive 
illustration, has been manifested often enough 
to declare them offsprings of Jehovah. 
"The works of God above, below, 

Within us, and around, 
Are pages in His book to show 

Where God Himself is found. " 
Thus said George Herbert; and sufficiently 
large minded was he to know that the rever- 
ent seeker after knowledge, among the things 
that are made, is ever a worthy co-laborer 
with the devout believer in the invisible 



of the South 81 

things of creation, even His eternal powel 
and Godhead, 

This long remote, almost inaccessible 
region of the Wautauga valley, lying between 
the Blue Ridge and Allegheny ranges of 
mountains, was, to the world at large, a terra Discovery 
incognita until the year 1840. It was then 
that an enthusiastic botanist, from New 
York, after exploring the eastern districts 
of North Carolina, had the hardihood to 
penetrate this part of the "land of the sky" for 
the purpose of studying its plant life. Hap- 
pily, this botanist was no less profound in his 
love of that branch of science, in his skill and 
industry in its pursuit, than in his faith in its 
Divine Creator. Many revelations awaited 
him. The varied and luxuriant flora, the 
water courses, so multiplied in number and 
fascinating in character, the transcendent 
beauty and grandeur of the scenery, the 
heights and depths of mountain and valley, 
the angry storms and tender skies, were 
thrilling and exalting to mind and soul. 

What a revelation all this was to the ira- 



82 The Mountaineers 

pressionable student. Yet there were in- 
sights hitherto hidden, apparently, from mor- 
tal vision. It was into the human aspect that 
the scientific journeyman looked. He saw 
things which stirred his soul within him. 
As he wandered to and fro, in and out of this 
wilderness of nature, he was struck also with 
the wildness, the isolation, and desolateness 
of the children of men. It was thinly settled. 
Here and there, at usually long distances, 
was a cabin household, the character of the 
household of a piece with that of the cabin. 
There was no want of welcome, and hospital- 
ity was by no means lacking of such sort as 
the semi-benighted dwellers could afford. 
This pronounced virtue with other encour- 
aging characteristics did but intensify the 
pathos of the situation. Here were people 
bound to an enforced state of ignorance, often 
living in squalor, hemmed in by environ- 
ments forbidding but controlling. 

For the men there was little of productive 
industry in reach, whatever their inclination; 
they were confined to hunting and fishing, 



of the South 83 

whiskey making, or desultory trading, chiefly 
a stagnating species of barter; the women 
with no outlook of hope, stolidly drudging in 
the work of the household, tilling the little 
opening on the stubborn mountain side, tend- 
ing the cow, the chickens, and the pigs; the 
young men and women approaching maturity 
without the moral sense of self-restraint or 
discretion; the children (and, oh, the awful 
pity) the children let loose like little an- 
imals, stunted, rather than increasing in 
stature with the days and years, dwarfed 
and deformed from the image of their 
maker. It was a scholarly layman into 
whose soul all this found its way, and filled 
him with the spirit of missions. 

When this explorer returned to civiliza- 
tion he had two quite distinct reports to ren- 
der. To the society of the scientific he could 
give enthusiastic testimony to the wealth of 
this region, as he had witnessed and thor- 
oughly investigated its marvellous maga- 
zine of nature product. But to another order 
of society he had also an account to give, the 



84 The Mountaineers 

spiritual, whose power and responsibility it 
was to carry the Word of Redemption to the 
men, women, and children confined to this 
wild locality. 
Bishop Ives was then the loyal and beloved 

head of ^ Church h North Carolina. And 
he was by both nature and grace enthusiastic 
in good works. To him the returning bota- 
nist related his observations of the moun- 
tain folk. The heart and soul of the Bishop 
were moved mightily and, like a true servant 
of the Son of Man, he prepared to carry suc- 
cour to those scant-lived dwellers in the wil- 
derness. Upon his visitation to the western 
portions of his vast episcopal estate that 
year, he resolved to push through this un- 
known territory. On July 20th, 1842 he 
held the first service in the Wautauga Valley, 
Let him speak, through his convention ad- 
dress of that year, of his impressions and 
resolutions. 

"While my sympathies were deeply ex- 
cited in view of that great spiritual destitu- 
tion, my admiration was at the same time 



of the South 85 

awakened by the simplicity of their charac- 
ter, and the deep earnestness of their petition 
for instruction. I addressed a few of them 
on their wants, and promised to send, the 
moment it should be in my power, a mission- 
ary who should teach them the rudiments 
of knowledge and preach to them the Word 
of God." 

The Bishop set about promptly the ful- 
filment of that promise. It was as soon as 
the December following that the Reverend 
Henry H. Prout was sent to be the mission- 
ary herald to this simple folk. Thence for- 
ward the story of the Valle Crucis Mission 
is a romance. If tragedy lends unction 
to the interest of the so-called novel, the 
reader may find it in the pages of Valle 
Crucis, not alone the living sacrifices of men 
and women but the keener kind which over- 
shadows the battle ground of the soul. 

Mr. Prout was a peculiarly single hearted 
man. He at once plunged into the work for Work of 
which he was sent. The people were scat- Mr ' Proufc 
tered and the problem was how to get them 



86 The Mountaineers 

together. The tale is told in a little book, 
"William West Skiles, a Sketch of Mission- 
ary Life at Valle Crucis in Western North 
Carolina, 1842-1862."* 

One extract here telling of Mr. Front's 
procedure in getting the people together 
depicts more than that mere occurrence, 
"The nearest cabins were scattered about, 
within the distance of a dozen miles, along 
the banks of the streams on the mountain 
sides, or in the forest glens. The first of 
these parochial visits was characteristic of 
many others. Following the bank of the 
Services stream, climbing over fallen timber, or creep- 
ing under the great moss covered fallen 
trunks, the Missionary came at last to a 
solitary cabin. It appeared desolate and 
deserted. At first he thought it uninhabited , 
but as he drew near he discovered smoke 
rising from the low chimney and perceived 
the smell of beef boiling. He knocked. The 
door opened and a wild looking woman ap- 

*Bdited by Susan Penimore Cooper, Jamw Pott & Co, 
Publishers, 1890, 



, 




Where an outdoor service was held 
"Never saw a preacher in robes before" 



of the South 87 

peared, amazed and bewildered by this civil- 
ized visitor. She gave him the usual back- 
woods salutation, 'What mout your name 
be? 1 'What mout your business be?' He 
was invited in, however, and made welcome 
after a rude fashion. A small rough table 
stood on the earthern floor; opposite the 
great yawning chimney stood a bench against 
the wall; these, with the iron pot on the crane, 
were the chief furniture of this mountain 
cabin. The Missionary explained his errand, 
which excited a sort of dull wonder. The 
Gospel message was respectfully received, 
however, and the good man passed on to an- 
other cabin, by like rough paths. Thus the 
week was spent, and the blessed Lord's Day 
came around. The service was held in a 
cabin at the lower settlement.' It was 
well attended. Men and women came strag- 
gling in, many on foot, some on horse-back, 
the wife, in sunbonnet and straight narrow 
gown, riding behind her husband. Here 
and there a woman was seen, mounted on a 
steer, while her husband walking beside 



88 The Mountaineers 

them, goad in hand, guided the animal over 
the rough path. The women all wore sun- 
bonnets, or handkerchiefs tied over their 
heads. Some were bare footed. There were 
more feet than shoes in the congregation. 
This was no doubt the first service of our 
Church held in that region. It was declared 
to be the first religious service of any kind 
held in the valley for seven years. The sim- 
ple folk showed themselves interested and 
grateful. Regular services followed, and 
as a consequence of the naturally civilizing 
effect of a reverent and dignified worship, 
the people began, of their own accord, to 
wash and mend their clothing more care- 
fully, to aim at a more respectable appear- 
ance in public worship for themselves and 
their children. The cabin in which the serv- 
ices were held soon became too small. The 
school began. A school house of logs, large 
enough for the Sunday services, was built. 
TheResults New improvements appeared, and at the end 
of several months, a visitor who had known 
the hamlet earlier, declared -so cheering the 



of the South 89 

the Missionary's heart that he could not 
have believed that so great a change for the 
better could have taken place in so short a 
time. Those wild pupils became very dear 
to the servant of God. They tried very 
hard to learn their lessons well. Occasion- 
ally some of the parents would come in and 
pore intently over the spelling books. All 
did their best. Every now and then the 
lessons ceased and a simple hymn was sung, 
in which all joined, feeling that it was a 
grand thing to sing the Lord's praise. The 
verse that was most frequently heard was 
the doxology." 

The results in the early labors in Ashe 
County, now Wautauga County, reported 
by the missionary in 1843, were as follows: 
"Baptisms, one; Marriages, three; Burials, 
four; Confirmations, one/ 1 During the past 
year about fifty children have been instructed 
in the catechism. Twenty-five Prayer Books 
have been distributed. A catechetical li- 
brary of one hundred volumes, furnished by 
the Bishop, has been in general circulation. 



90 The Mountaineers 

_ _ Still one more quotation "In the month of 

The Pro- 

posalof August, 1843, Bishop Ives again visited this 

Bishop Ives valley. He became so much charmed with 
foment " the country, and so much interested in the 
people, that he proposed making this ground 
the site of important missionary work for the 
Diocese. He took the first step toward or- 
ganizing the mission by purchasing a tract 
of land. The little valley itself contained 
one hundred and twenty-five acres of level 
land, one-third of which was under culti- 
vation. This was purchased for $1,500. 
Later additions, adapted to grazing, or val- 
uable for timber, amounted in all to two 
thousand acres. The Bishop proposed to 
place in this valley a training school for the 
ministry, a missionary station, and a classical 
and agricultural school for the boys. In 
August, 1844, contracts were made for clear- 
ing the land and putting up the necessary 
buildings, which included a saw mill, a log 
kitchen, a dining room of adobe, a dwelling 
house of four rooms of hewn logs, and 
a frame building of boarded walls, con- 



of the South 91 

taining a school-room on the ground floor, 
beneath which a basement, walled and floored 
with brick, was afterward excavated the 
whole length of the building, through a cut 
in the hillside, that was used for the chapel. 
To these buildings others were added. A 
house of adobe two stories high with a cellar 
below, a large frame bam with a brick base- 
ment for the stables, a blacksmith shop, and 
several log cabins for kborers. These were 
scattered about in pleasing positions near 
each other." 

The origin of the name is a matter of inter- 
est, since it has become a Carolina classic, the name 
To quote from the same book: "The valley, 
entirely shut in by forest dad mountains, is 
watered by three limpid streams, two of them 
leaping down the hillsides in foaming cas- 
cades; the principal stream formed by the 
junction, after a short course of about two 
miles, passes through a narrow gorge, and 
throws itself into the Wautauga. The waters 
rush over the rocky bed of the stream, and 
the many lesser brooks leap down the moun- 



92 The Mountaineers 

tain side, and fill the air with an unceasing 
murmur, now loud and full, and again more 
gentle and subdued. It is this secluded val- 
ley which, from the cross-like form of the 
three streams at their junction, was now to re- 
ceive the name, Talle Crucis.' The visitor 
to this valley, let it be said, will find himself 
disappointed if he expects to see from the 
main building or the roadway along past it 
the cross-vale clearly defined. One must 
find the vision from certain mountain side 
elevations, whence the stream-sketched sign 
of our redemption is distinctly revealed." 
The Scope The Mission was expected to cover a cir- 

Miasion k * ^^7"^ ^ ts ' m ^ e adjoining 
mountain region. 

The school, the first year, was not alto- 
gether a success. It was looked upon by 
some of the people as a reformatory, and the 
bad conduct of some of the boys was used as 
an argument against Church teaching. But 
improvement was at hand. 

Mr. Jarvis Buxton, a candidate for Holy 
Orders, took charge. The theological stu- 



of the South 93 

dents pursued their studies with courage and 
devotion, and the missionary work was car- 
ried on by Reverend Mr. Prout. 

William West Skiles, a middle aged man, 

The Work 
came to Valle Crucis from Eastern Carolina 



in 1844. At first he did all kinds of work in WestSkilei 

the different departments. In a year, under 

the influence of his surroundings, he became 

a candidate for deacon's orders. He was 

then thirty-eight years old. He was general 

superintendent, and prepared himself at the 

same time for the ministry. 

An interesting event in 1846 was the bap- 
tism, of a young man, by immersion, at the 
junction of the three streams that form the 
cross. 

Mr. Skiles was ordained deacon in 1847. 
In this year the work at Valle Crucis became 
strictly religious. It included the divinity 
school and the missions. The services, it is 
said, were beautifully rendered, and speaking 
of the people "it seemed as if Christ was in- 
deed their life." In this same year Bishop 
Ives organized "The Order of The Holy 



94 The Mountaineers 

Cross." The Reverend William French was 
appointed Superior of the new order. No 
member of the Order ever left the Church. 
Mr. French's brother, who was a student at 
Valle Crucis at the time, is now in charge of 
a parish in Connecticut. 

Itslmpor- The Committee on the "State of the 
Church" reported to the convention of 1848 
as follows: "The importance of this insti- 
tution to the diocese is immense as the nur- 
sery of a future ministry. It appears to 
possess peculiar advantages for this work, 
not only from the retirement, for the time 
being, of its students from the distractions 
of society, and the hardy and useful disci- 
pline to which they are inured, but also in 
the great economy with which it can be con- 
ducted, your committee being informed that 
fifty dollars a piece, per annum, may be made 
to cover all necessary expenses, except those 
for clothing. It has been placed under the 
charge of a highly capable presbyter, and is 
supported by the self-denying labors of a 
body of young men who have literally left 



of the South 95 

all for Christ. Still it needs the fostering 
care of the members of the Church." 

The trials and privations became very 
great, but the mission work prospered and 
at that time there was also a colored congre- 
gation, holding a service every Sunday even- 
ing. Among the theological students there 
was for some time a colored man. 

The place was indeed very inaccessible. The Break- 
Mr. Skiles wrote that it took him three weeks up of the 

1J11 A lUTfa 

to mat;e the journey from Central Carolina. gion 
The possible defection of the Bishop created 
a great trouble in the diocese, but the mission 
work was carried on with uninterrupted 
success, until in 1850, the "Order of the Holy 
Cross" was given up. By 1852 the divinity 
students had all been ordained and gone into 
other fields, and there were but two men re- 
maining, Mr. Prout and Mr. Skiles. In 
September, 1852, Bishop Ives left the diocese, 
and in December following went over to the 
Roman Church, after an episcopate that had 
lasted more than twenty years. No one 
Mowed him. During the few years prior to 



Oft The Mountaineers 

his defection he was in poor health, mentally 
and physically. If Bishop Ives had remained 
in the Church, Valle Crucis would probably 
have been the Nashotah of the South. 

Bishop Atkinson visited Valle Crucis in 
1854, soon after his consecration. The mis- 
sion and school were continued until the 
death of Mr. Skiles in 1862. After that the 
work was continued as a mission until Bishop 
Cheshire was made the ecclesiastical head of 
the diocese, 

Bishop ^P n Bishop Cheshire's succession he rec- 
Cheshire's ognized the opportunity presented here, and 
promptly resumed its furtherance. All the 
land had been lost to the Church, the build- 
ings had gone into decay, most of them into 
utter ruin. The Bishop vigorously pursued 
the task of restoring the work to order and 
prosperity, until the District of Asheville 
was established in 1895, and he was no longer 
in charge of this portion of the State. 
Work The present Bishop of Asheville came to the 
JJjJjJp District in 1898, seeing the opportunity, 
Homer appreciated it as a land of promise for the 




il 



of the South 97 

Church. The history of the Mission, its 
vicissitudes, the sacrifices associated with it, 
but chiefly, the conviction of its strategic 
situation for fruitful operations under the 
missionary genius of the Church, inspired 
him, as it had done Bishop Ives and his band, 
and those who followed him in the episcopate. 
The Bishop took measures, as soon as it be- 
came practicable, for the thorough re-estab- 
lishment and enlargement of this work. 
Filled with the sense of accountability to 
the people of this remote region, he has done 
all that he could in its development. Growth 

The region has become far more accessi- Against 
ble. In the days of Bishop Ives and Atkin- Obgtaclcs 
son there were trails for roads, a scant popu- 
lation, and cabins for dwelling places. Grad- 
ually, the population has vastly increased, 
not only in numbers, but in intelligence, and 
loftier ideals, and a more varied industry 
for enterprise and occupation. The in- 
creased aggressiveness and wider compre- 
hension of some of our brethren of other re- 
ligious bodies we must recognize. But 



98 The Mountaineers 

there has been no room to doubt the Church's 
tenacity. Her refusal to give up even when 
failure and ruin seemed inevitable her sta- 
tions for missions which have since grown 
from this spot to Lenoir, to Morganton, even 
as far as to Asheville are proofs of this. The 
high example and thorough teaching of so 
many of those who, like their Master, went 
about doing good, Prout, Thurston, Bux- 
ton, Bland, Barber, Skiles, and many others 
have reflected the heart, mind, and soul of 
the Church of our Lord, and have wrought 
mightily in that land among the people. 
Betterment Railroads have approached much nearer, 
of Condi- one ^thin sixteen miles. The cabins have 

tto118 ' . , ^ ^ 

in many instances grown into houses. The 

teaching of cleanliness and cookery have 
made health conditions better* People of 
larger ideas have moved in; there has been 
a general looking upward, socially, indus- 
trially, and religiously. 

New Toward all this the Church first saw and 

Beginnings hewed the way. The vision of this way was 

vouchsafed to men of understanding, from 



of the South 99 

the learned layman who first prophesied to 
those of all orders in the Church. When the 
time came for new beginnings the present 
Bishop was not lacking in that power of 
vision; he has had the foresight to take the 
tide at the flood. The restoration and de- 
velopment of this mission has been a vast 
outlay, in money, time, and anxiety. It 
ought to signify much, that the concurrent 
judgment of so many of the Church have 
emphasized this vantage ground. 

A large central school building has been ^ 
erected, the grounds fenced, and an apple School 
orchard planted with some sixteen hundred 
trees; it is hoped that this orchard will soon 
be a means of revenue. A factory for wagon 
building has just been completed. This 
whole plajat is worth more than twenty-five 
thousand dollars. The purchase of the 
land, which is a part of the original tract 
bought by Bishop Ives, was made possible 
by the gift of the Woman's Auxiliary, from 
the United Offering of 1901. 

The imprint of the influence of these peo- 



100 The Mountaineers 

pie, first made sixty years and more ago, is 
seen in the conditions of to-day. It is hoped 
that with wise management the new school 
will soon be full of pupils and will be a cen- 
tre in Western North Carolina, in the District 
of Asheville, for the education of the youth 
of the land. Our presbyterian brethren, 
with that wisdom and foresight for which 
they are always to be credited, have estab- 
lished some twelve miles away from Valle 
Crucis two splendid schools for boys and 
girls which have a large attendance. We can 
do nothing better than follow their example 
although we started the work fifty years 
before them. 

There is at present a strong mission centre 

Present at Valle Crucis. More than a hundred 

VaJle members belong to the mission, with about 

rac s a hundred children in the Sunday School and 

sixty in the day-school. Twenty baptisms 

and eighteen confibrmations were reported 

in 1907. Five or six dependent mission 

stations radiate from it, and there is an 

equipment steadily strengthening; vast 







I 



of the South 101 

promise for the future, and all with a strong 
following. 

This Associate Mission is in 1908 under the Valle 
care of the Reverend William R. Savage, 
priest, conscientious in his duties. The Rev. Mission 
William H. Hardin was, until recently, the 1908 
local missionary. For two years he stood 
steadfastly here, abundant in labors, the re- 
sult of which was a credit to him and the 
Church. The Reverend Hugh A. Dobbin, 
is now in local charge. A Mountaineer, he 
knows the people, and is making good head- 
way. The Reverend J. Norton Atkins 
also assists in the work of this group of 
missions. 

On Trinity Sunday, May 26, 1907, the 
last one of the members upon whom Bishop 
Ives laid hands, entered into the rest of Par- 
adise. This was Mrs. Polly Townsend, who 
had reached the ripe age of ninety-four. Her 
eldest son, now past seventy-five and living 
three miles from the chapel, never misses a 
service. He has given his time faithfully 
as sexton for many years, and all this not- 



102 The Mountaineers 

withstanding the fact that he is a mail carrier 
and has to arise at three o'clock in the morn- 
ing for his duties in that business. To those 
who, for self indulgence or spiritual torpor, 
fail in their fidelity, this should be a rebuke ; 
to these who seek but do not find at once, let 
it be an inspiration. Good brother Town- 
send has sought with all his heart, and in 
the services of the Church, and in his services 
to Her has found rest for his soul. 

The perpetuation of Valle Crucis depends 
not only on the wisdom of administration 
but on the genorosity of the people of the 
Church all over the land. 



of the South 103 



Christ School, Arden, North Carolina, 
in the District of Asheville 

This is an industrial and academic -school, 
founded by the late Reverend Thomas C. 
Wetmore in 1900. It is located one and a 
half miles east of Arden and ten miles south 
of Asheville near the Asheville and Spartan- 
burg Railroad. 

The object of the school is to help our 
young men and women to help themselves 
and to promote the spread of practical Chris- 
tianity. The school is supported almost 
entirely by friends outside of the State. 

The tuition is nearly always paid in work, 
which of course does not pay teachers' sal- 
aries. The board is given at actual cost, 
$6.00 per month. 

With a purpose to place the school within 
the reach of all who prove themselves worthy, 



104 The Mountaineers 

the school desires only young men and women 
who are earnestly striving to improve them- 
selves. No effort do we consider too great 
when helping those who are striving to help 
themselves. 

The dormitories accommodate thirty-five 
boys. From the educational standpoint 
Christ School certificats admit graduates to 
the State University. During the year 1907 
there were 125 pupils, including both board- 
ers and day scholars. Great attention is 
given to industrial training, cooking, sewing, 
printing, telegraphy, and carpentering. All 
the teaching is thoroughly practical. The 
pupils range from nine to forty years of age. 

The Rev. Thomas C. Wetmore gave the 
last six years of his life to the work and left 
his unfinished task as a precious legacy to his 
widow. Since his death Mrs. Wetmore has 
carried on the school. 




UKV K HANK U WKNTWOKTH, AKCUI'K.U'nN OF Till: 
fti: OK I.HXINW\ % . KY 



of the South 105 



Work of the Church in the Moun- 
tains of Kentucky 

BY THB VUNERABLB F. B. WSNTWORTH, ARCHDEACON, 
DIOCSSE OF LEXINGTON, Kv. 

The Kentucky mountaineers have gained, 
through the public press of this country, a eers of 
reputation for being a lawless and blood- Kentu cky 
thirsty people, and all because a few of them 
have been involved in "Feuds 1 ' and the un- 
lawful business of making "moonshine" 
whiskey. It is not generally known, there- 
fore, that the great body of these mountain 
people are honest, self-respecting, and law- 
abiding citizens, and that the worst that can 
be said of them is that they are uneducated Character- 
and poor. Both of which are lamentable ^ cs ' 
but not disgraceful, and are the results of e peop e 
lack of facilities and opportunities. They 
are not moral degenerates or heathen ; though 



106 The Mountaineers 

less conventional as to the observance of the 
ordinary standards of morals and religion, 
as one would naturally expect from their 
isolated condition. It is often charged that 
the Kentucky Mountaineer is mentally de- 
ficient. On the contrary, he is more than 
ordinarily apt and intelligent. The unani- 
mous testimony of our teachers, who have 
had experience in some of our most impor- 
tant cities in this country, is to the effect that 
the Kentucky mountain children are the 
equal in natural mental capacity to any that 
have come under their care. Let me instance 
a few examples of the native strength of 
character and superior intellectual force of 

* 

our mountain people. We refer to the 
Honorable George W. Macafee of Knox 
County, a mountain boy, who was for many 
years circuit court judge, afterwards ap- 
pointed minister to the Republic of Texas; 
the Honorable James Love, several times 
elected member of Congress and who be- 
came one of the most distinguished generals 
of the Confederate army; the Honorable 




is! 






Y, 





of the South 107 

William Pitt Ballinger, recognized as one of 
the most profound lawyers that the state 
has produced, who afterward became one of 
the justices of the Supreme Court of the 
United States; the Honorable Green Adams, 
six years circuit judge, twice a member of 
Congress, four years one of the auditors of 
the United States Treasury during President 
I/incoln's administration; Judge Samuel P. 
Miller, appointed by President Lincoln one 
of the justices of the Supreme Court of the 
United States; and the Honorable Silas Wood- 
son, one of Kentucky's best orators, who 
was a member of the Constitutional Conven- 
tion, and afterward Governor of the State of 
Missouri. These are but a few instances that 
might be mentioned of mountain men who 
have been honored by the State and the Na- 
tion for their intellectual force and the bril- 
liancy of their utterances. If under all the 
disadvantages such men as these are produced 
from the mountain character, who will say 
that they are not naturally the equal of 
the people of any section of the country? So 



108 The Mountaineers 

much for the material. Now, a few words 
with reference to our efforts to reach and 
mould it. 

That which religion has not been able to 
Grow accomplish in the past, owing to the in- 
accessibility of these districts, business enter- 
prise has made possible by opening up the 
country. 

In many of the larger towns, quite com- 
modious chapels, as mountain chapels go, 
have been erected; and services are held by 
ministers at least once a month; missionaries, 
representing all of the prominent religious 
societies, are plodding through these valleys, 
and over the rugged mountains, carrying the 
Gospel of peace, love, and hope* Missionary 
schools, which usually have chapels and 
Sunday Schools connected with them, are 
sowing also the seeds of truth and righteous- 
ness, where once were ignorance and super- 
stition. 

In the strictly mountain districts we have 
seven organized missions and twenty-six 
mission stations. Of all these missions, but 




8 

E 



of the South 109 

five have buildings that could be called 
church edifices. At the remainder we hold 
services in private houses, school-rooms or 
chapels belonging to our denominational 
brethren. 

Three clergymen are all the Bishop can L | mttattolll 
afford to provide for all these points. Ef- 
forts are being made, however, to place four 
more missionaries in these districts. But 
in order to do so we shall need some gener- 
ous gifts. The Diocese cannot do this work 
alone. Notwithstanding our lack of funds, 
we have pushed forward our advance guards 
to the front; we have lengthened the cords 
and are now trying to strengthen our stakes. 

At Beattyville, Lee County, we have an BeattyvlUe 
established mission, with a stone church, 
largely the gift of the late Bishop Dudley. 
The church is picturesquely situated upon the 
side of a foot hill of the mountain. Above 
it a large frame school building, and near by 
also a commodious rectory. Here we have 
thirty-seven communicants, a Sunday School 
and a parochial school. Reverend Alexan- 



110 The Mountaineers 

der Patterson, one of our most faithful and 
efficient missionaries, has charge of this 
established mission and of twenty mission 
stations. Among them is Proctor, Lee 
County, where we have, in one respect and 
perhaps the best, the most promising out- 
look of all our missions. Here Mr. Patter- 
son has gathered together a Sunday School 
of seventy-five scholars. What a splendid 
foundation for a future parish. 

The school and Church services are held in 
an old building, once a tavern. The school 
building burned down in 1907 and the 
citizens have made a proposal to Bishop 
Burton to assist him in rebuilding the struc- 
ture. This the diocese was unable to do at 
that time but hopes to secure the money as 
soon as possible. It was, however, estimated 
that with a suitable building an attendance of 
at least a hundred pupils was assured, and it 
was determined to open a temporary school. 
A mountain girl, a graduate of Wesleyan Col- 
lege, was appointed assistant principal It is 
called the Bishop Dudley Collegiate Institute. 




"OUMBJiRUND UAP" IN TIIK UIKTASH'K 



of the South 111 

At Middlesboro, a beautiful little moun- Middles- 
tain town, nestling between the rugged peaks boro 
of the Cumberland range, at the mouth of 
the Cumberland Gap, we are maintaining a 
strong mission. Its property is very largely 
an inheritance from a cultured thrifty 
colony of English people, who located there 
some years ago. It is situated upon the side 
of a hill, in the middle of the town. Every- 
thing about it, the architecture, the grounds, 
and appointments, evidence the knowledge, 
taste, and love of Churchmen. 

We are conducting in the central part of 
the Diocese between forty and fifty mission 
stations, organized missions and parishes, 
and all of the last named except five require 
assistance. 

As already mentioned, we have at Beatty- ^^^5 
ville a school named after its lamented al Work 
founder, the late Bishop Dudley. 

After its separation from the Diocese of 
Kentucky, the Diocese of Lexington began 
at Corbin, all things considered, its most im- 
portant mountain work. Here is located 



112 The Mountaineers 

St. John's Academy. The campus contains 
five acres of land upon which is erected 
Thomas Hall, a large building, capable of 
accommodating one hundred pupils. One 
thousand dollars of the money to build this 
hall was the gift of that noble, devoted 
Churchman, Mr. George C. Thomas of Phila- 
delphia. 

Hancock Hall was the former public school 
building, and was purchased with the land. 
In it are culinary, printing, and store depart- 
ments. Near by we have one room of a 
frame cottage, which has been built for the 
caretaker of the property, in which to con- 
duct our manual training department. These 
buildings and the new and pretty chapel 
constitute our structural equipment, for the 
important and growing educational work in 
the mountains. 

Surely the Church will not be satisfied 
until it has placed its representative educa- 
tional plant in the mountains of Kentucky 
upon an equal footing with those of the lead- 
ing denominational societies of the land. 



of the South 113 

How happy we should be if, in the Divine 
Providence of God, some great-hearted Chris- 
tians were moved as many are among our 
spiritual neighbors to place beyond anxiety 
the future of St. John's Academy. 

My brethren, this is the King's business. 
Will you join hands with us in the doing of it? 

"And it shall come to pass in that day, 
that the Mountains shall drop down new 
wine, and the hills shall now with milk." 



114 The Mountaineers 



The Work at Sewane'e, Tennessee 

UNDBE THE GHABGB OF REV. W. S. CLAI BORNE 

Since our missions were organized in 1900, 
and the Bishop put me in charge of all this 
work, six hundred and ninety seven souls 
have been baptized and two hundred and 
twenty three confirmed. The communicant 
list, at that time was ninety three; to-day it 
numbers three hundred and nineteen. We 
have built three churches and two mission 
houses; also St. Andrew's school, and in- 
dustrial institution, which cost us about 
$12,000. We have also built an addition to 
St. Mary's Industrial school, for girls, which 
cost us $3,000. The schools and missions 
are in good condition, but our crying need 
is for men, with the grace of common sense 
as well as orders, to do the work. 

The value of all our Church property, parish 
and mission, is in round numbers $52,000. 



Sketches 



A Postal Card and Its Message 

An Actual Experience of a Missionary in the 
North Carolina Mountains 

BY TUB RBV. WAI/OBR. HUGHSON 

My morning mail one day last March con- 
tained a postal card addressed to "Mister 
Preacher Hughson, Morganton, N, C." Turn- 
ing- it over I read : 

"Please to come to see me at once. I am 
very sick, I am dying. ' ' 

Mrs. 

The place of her dwelling was added, but 
I was ill myself and could not go. When I 
showed it to my assistant, he said: "I was 
going to Asheville to-day, but I will give it up 
and go to see the poor woman." Irt a short 
time he took the train to a little station some 
ten miles distant. The day was wet and the 
soft clay slippery, and he found the trail over 



118 The Mountaineers 

the mountain for two miles rather difficult. 
When he arrived at the cabin he found no 
one but a sick woman lying on the rough bed. 
A little pig ran around the room, which was 
perhaps sixteen feet square. There were no 
windows; the door was open, although it was 
a cold wet day in March. A little wood fire 
in a great fireplace somewhat relieved the 
barren appearance. 

The priest entered. He told her he had 
come in my place. She said she had wanted 
to see me, but she was glad he had come. 
And then she told him of her life; how she had 
sinned, fallen again and again; how the chil- 
dren, who had run away to hide in the woods 
when the "preacher" had come, from the 
world's standpoint had no father. She said 
she had told it all to God, and had asked Him 
to forgive her, but she wanted to tell the 
"preacher." And then again she asked 
God's forgiveness and the priest baptized her. 

Later, when the Bishop came to visit us, 
I took him to see the woman. We found 
her alone with the pig. The Bishop con- 



of the South 119 

finned her and a few days after she received 
the Holy Communion. 

Not long after, my wife and I were driving 
out much farther into the country, but as 
we came to the rough road which led to the 
cabin I could not go by, and I said, "We must 

go to see how Mrs. is." When I came 

to the cabin I knew at once that something 
had happened. The room was full of women, 
seated and standing in a semicircle. They 
were all very still. I looked at the bed, the 
body was covered, the soul had gone to para- 
dise. The mountain women told me of her 
passing away. The children "had fled in 
every direction when the end had come. 

As we left the cabin we met a man from 
town and I sent word to my assistant and 
the next morning he came out with the coffin 
and drove on further for some ten miles and 
there they buried her in the desolate burying 
ground with her ancestors of many gener- 
ations. 

But the touching part of my story has not 
yet been told. One day I went to see her, 



120 The Mountaineers 

perhaps a week before she died. After she 
had received the Holy Communion, she asked, 
"Did you get the postal card?" When I 
said "Yes," she at once answered, "Wasn't 
it written beautiful ?" It was not, but she 
thought so, and I asked her if she wrote it. 
"No," she said, "I can't write; my father and 
my .mother couldn't write and my grand- 
parents couldn't write and I never knew any 
one in our family who could write." I asked 
her who did write it and she answered : "John 
wrote it." "And who is John?" I inquired. 
She replied, "Don't you know John? Why, 
he is holding your horse"; and added, "Don't 
you remember John? He went to the school 
at the Crossing the first winter you was here, 
and he learned to read and write that winter. " 
She thought a minute and said again and 
again, "Wasn't it written beautiful?" I 
told her then without any hesitancy that it 
certainly was. 

Ixx>king up into my eyes she said, "I am 
so glad John went to school that winter. If 
he hadn't learned to read and write he couldn't 





II 

! o 



of the South 121 

have written that postal card, and if he 
hadn't you never would have known about 
me, and I never would have been baptized, 
and I wouldn't have been confirmed, and I 
wouldn't 'a' had the Holy Communion," and 
with the tears streaming down her face in joy 
she added, "and perhaps I never would 'a' 
been a member of the Kingdom. Oh, 
wasn't it written beautiful!" 

The memory of the crudely written card 
came back to me and the letters now seemed 
to me as beautiful as they were to her. John's 
postal card had brought peace and joy, and a 
soul had been prepared for the Kingdom be- 
cause John had learned to write at our little 
Church mission school at the Crossing. 

Will any one ever say to me again, "Does 
it pay, this educational work of the Church 
in Western North Carolina?" It only cost 
$10 to teach John to read and write; and we 
have a thousand more we are trying to pre- 
pare for their work and opportunity in the 
world. All the money that has been spent 
in this district is nothing in comparison to 



122 The Mountaineers 

the good brought to this poor woman. 

Reprinted from The Spirit of Missions, 
March 1905. 



of the South 123 



"Hit" 

BY THE REVEREND WAITER HUGHSON, OF THE DISTRICT 
OP ASHSVEUUS 

One of the first visits I made when I came 
into this field, the District of Asheville in 
western North Carolina, three years ago, 
was upon the mother of a girl who attended 
one of our mission schools. The girl, like 
some other girls, had been behaving badly 
and I desired to have a serious talk with her 
parents. Instead of calling her by her 
Christian name, the mother continually re- 
ferred to her as "hit.*' My sense of the 
humorous was so affected by this word that 
I soon forgot my message of censure. "Hit" 
was a good girl and "hit" studied its lessons 
and "hit" "loved its teacher." It was my 
first introduction to the pronoun "hit," so I 
looked it up in the dictionary and there it was 
"pronoun obsolete. ' ' 



124 The Mountaineers 

I was not surprised afterward to hear other 
very old English words used by my friends 
in the mountains. Some of them are Chau- 
cerian. I very often hear the word "beastie" 
for beasts and "thickety" for a great under- 
growth. The most peculiar use perhaps is 
the word "common." A teacher came to 
me not long ago and said that she had a com- 
pliment for me. Mrs. H. had told her 

that I was "the commonest preacher" she 
had ever known. I was not pleased. What 
preacher would be? But the teacher explained 
that it was used in the sense of "Common 
Prayer*' and meant for all people, without 
any discrimination. 

Afterward, when a great tall mountaineer 
had asked me for advice and I had walked 
with him to where his mutes wore tied, lie had 
put his hand on my shoulder and with tears in 
his eyes said, "You are the commonest 
preacher I ever saw/ 1 I was much gratified, 
because he felt that I had a heart for him as 
well as any one else. 

But "Hit" is my subject. Kver since I 



of the South 125 

first heard the word used, all the boys and 
girls have been "Hits" for me. 

One "Hit" told me that he walked ten 
miles a day in his journey to and from school, 
and he was the most regular boy in that par- 
ticular school. He lives in a one-room cabin 
with a dozen others in the family. All sleep 
in the same room. It is their one bedroom, 
their one dining-room, and their one parlor. 
Over the cracks in the side made by the un- 
cvenness of the logs I have seen the picture 
papers the Church Periodical Club sends me, 
all pasted down tight for decoration and for 
warmth. The cooking is done at an open 
fireplace and the big pot, with its peas and 
pork, simmers there all day long. 

"Hit" gets up before the break of day and 
after a very scanty meal trudges with his 
sister across rough fields and through dark 
woods and along muddy roads until they 
come to the wide, and often swollen, stream. 
Then "Hit" takes his sister on his back and 
through the stream they go until they reach 
the other side. 



120 The Mountaineers 

So you see I have learned to love and ad- 
mire a great many of these boys and girls 
whom I think of as "Hit" struggling hard 
to get an education, where their fathers 
and mothers have never had a chance to get 
any, and with no father or mother to help 
with the hard sums and reading and spelling. 
All by themselves, often by the light of the 
pine torch for a time in the evening, they labor 
alone to prepare the lessons of another day. 

When my "Hit" of to-day becomes a man, 
he will know a great deal more than his 
father or grandfather knew; and he will go 
out into the world ready to take up his work. 
And his education has been given him by the 
kind men, women and children of the Church. 

"Hit" has been baptized and confirmed, 
and has become a communicant. The first 
thing I will hear of him after be goes away 
from his old mountain home, is that he is 
very active in helping on the Church some- 
where else ; that he is married and has brought 
the babies to be baptized. Reprinted from 
The Spirit of Missions February 1904. 



of the South 127 



An Incident 

The day that this little sketch was written, 
the writer, accompanied by his wife, left 
for the country to make a visit that had 
long been promised. The distance was only 
six miles, but over the foot-hills with their 
continual ups and downs it seemed far more. 
As we turned from the "big" road into the 
woods we seemed to get into impassable 
thickets. The track was almost obliterated. 
We left the wagon and started out to re- 
connoiter, as often it is almost impossible to 
turn about unless one comes to a clearing. 
A walk of only a few rods brought such a 
place into view. On it was a cabin, not the 
customary log structure but a modern frame 
building. It was unfinished as it has been 
for years and unusually untidy. Six chil- 
dren were standing around the doorway, all 



128 The Mountaineers 

barefooted and with no hats. Their hair 
was faded from exposure to the sun. The 
house consisted of one big room and con- 
tained a fireplace, a table and four beds. 
The aged woman, seventy-five years old, lay 
011 a bed in one comer. The shingles were 
full of holes and a space above the siding, at 
least a foot wide, was open to the weather. 
It was a cold morning too. The object of 
our visit was this old aunt who had been 
confirmed fifty years before. She had a 
sweet, strong face. It was the first time she 
had seen a clergyman in years, as we had 
known of her existence for only a short time. 
We had read of the crude features of the 
camps of 1776 and of the primitive usages of 
the pioneer. This day's experience brought 
all this clearly into our thoughts. A small 
soap box on an old broken chair was our al- 
tar. But when it was covered with the fair 
linen and the vessels with the elements placed 
on it, the priest could say "Therefore with 
angels and archangels, "with as much joy as 
when he said it before an altar of marble 



of the South 129 

surrounded by stained glass windows and 
tessellated pavement. Here was the yearn- 
ing 1 , hungry soul in bed with age and afflic- 
tion. In the background a young mother 
was seated on the floor surrounded by her 
children, all so still and quiet during the 
service. "When we went away from all this 
crudeness and incongruity, one thought and 
only one was uppermost in our minds and 
that was "peace be to this house." 

Should it be a plain Gospel to all people, 
or a Gospel "with magnificent surroundings 
for only a few? Reprinted from "Some of the 
People in Western North Carolina." 



130 The Mountaineers 



Easter in a Mill Mission 

The following extract is from a letter dated 
Easter Sunday, 1906, written by a lady then 
in the mountains of North Carolina: 

"We have missed our home Church sadly, 
and I feared the children would not feel the 
Spirit of Easter with no building of our owti 
open for service. But after all we have had 
a full day, and in helping Dorothy with her 
mission have been very happy. First, at 
9 130, we went to Grace Church Sunday School 
and I played the Easter Hymns on the organ. 
At 10:30 we went down to the Mill School. 
The room looked like a beautiful little chapel. 
A small altar with a brass cross and candles 
on it was on the platform, back of it, hiding 
the blackboard, hung a soft curtain of white 
cheesecloth. A pretty border at the top 
was formed of a feathery green vine and long 
sprays of pale purple clusters of wistaria 
hung like a purple fringe. I have never seen 



of the South 131 

it used in Church decorations before and 
never saw anything more beautiful. . . 
A border a foot deep along the bottom was 
of white dogwood. The school children 
marched in carrying a great cross formed of 
purple and white wistaria, and it was stood 
on a white base of blossoms on the edge of 
the platform. Dorothy, "brave girl 1 ', read 
the Easter lessons and the prayers, and then 
told the story of the Resurrection so sweetly 
and earnestly that I thought it a touching 
sight for any one to see her standing there 
such a girl, and so utterly unconscious of 
self, talking to a room full of at least 75 or 
80 mill hands; and they were absorbingly 
attentive I can tell you. We had all the 
Easter hymns and chants and when it was 
all over, I found I did not feel as if we had 
had no Easter by any means and I am sure 
my little girls felt the spirit of it too. 
Adelaide stood by the piano and sang with all 
her heart. . . It was such an unusual 
Easter for us, I wanted to tell you of it, just 
as it looked to me." 



ERRATA 
Opposite page* 19 and 34, Illustration* add to till* ("The Order of iiu> 



Page 46 Hne 11 /or "compri-e" read "oomprbin* " 
Page 47 Hue 11 far "oounoil" nod "couiuel " 

Pace 114 line 9 not, thai Bt Andrew'* School "wo* wflvd by the OrOw 
of the Holy Crow" ud liuf 12 that the Suttn *if rit. Mar> 
erectedthetidditiontA8t.Mary'BHt>hool 
Opposite pace 114 odd to tttlt ("The Sbten of t>t. Mary.") 
Add to llluatration*: 

lUv. Frank B. Weatvorth, faoinc pue 10ft. 
St. John's CollesUto Aeadtmy, Corbto, Ky , f 



Cburcb nDtesions publishing Co., 

Auxiliary to the Board of Missions. 

211 State Street, DarttotO, Conn* 



ROUND ROBIN, PUBLISHED QUARTERLY 

SBRZB8 FIBST 

The Mission Field 

IONS, Part I, by the Rav. ANTHON T. GBSNBB. 
. SSIONS, by the Rav. ANTHOW T. GBSNBB, 
' the RT. RBV. 3. C. PAJRTBXDOB and others, 
an from various sources. 
Part IJ t by_the Rav. ANTHON T. GBBNBR. 

'. T. M. PBCK and others. 
_ . _ JT, by the Ray. A. T. GBSNBB. 
, by the RBV. F. W. CROOK. 

1I __^_._a RBV. PROF. W. W. WBUBB. 

_:EAttfEN TEMPLES IN CHINA, by the RT. 
C. PARTRIDGE, Bishop of Kyoto. In two parts, 10 




SABXWB, DEAOONKUBB. 
10 cents; each. 



12 numbers lor $1.00 



SHRUBS 8BOOND 

Stories from the Mission Field 



--_... -_-.__ if. by MBS. BOTORD, of Lawrencevolle, Va. 

OPITOHI BIMISAY, by Miaa STBIL CARTBB, Deaconess. 

~,N THE EVERGLADES. 5 cents 

t. VISIT TO NGANKING, by the Bishop of Shanghai. 5 cents 
FE AT PT. HOPE, ALASKA, by the RBV. JB. DBIQOS, M. 
10 cents. 



D. 



5 cents. 
P WuiAsand MBS, H. M. BABTUBO-T 



L (For older Junior*. 
5 cents 




or, What a Little Girl Saw 
' ' " Pnoe 20 cents. 

', by Miss 

IN MANY LANDS, by Mxss 
~*OF EARLY DAYS IN MINNESOTA 
ON CHAPEL ISLAND, by Miss EL M. ROBB, 5 

10 cents. 

:ONS. 

;ORS. 10 cents. 

a GJUBT&BMAW. 10 cents. 
TEBY. (Diocesan Missions.) 
;ER SKETCHES, by RBV. 



i, LAWRENOEVILLE. 

RALEIGH. N. a 10 oente. 
RBT. D. T. HTJMTINGTOK, Id 



VA. 



Missions of the Church of England 

2 and 3. THE S. P. G. IN THE AMERICAN COLONIES, by 

JOSEPH HOOPBR, Party 1 and 11. Price 10 centjeach. 

4 and 5 CHURCH WORK IN NEW GUINEA. Parts I aud I 

6. CHURCH WORK IN THE DIOCESE OK SJblANTLNG, 

7 SOME^FEATURES OF MEDICAL WORK IN CHINA 



the Rv. 



SOLDIER AND SERVANT SERIES 

Pioneers and Leaders of the Church in Great Britain and America 

1. JQHN.KEBLE,_by^the RBV. WAJUKBaGwrzwa. 10 cents. 

o cents. 




'ON, by BISHOP R. W. B. ELLIOTT. 

* y the Rv. JOSEPH Ho< ' " 

:OP DOANS of Albany... 



by the Rv. JOSEPH HOOPCB. 10 cents. 

*^OANS of Albany. 10 cei 

>p NICHOLS of California. 



cents. 

10 cents. 

F. HOTCKXIN. 10 cents. 
,T, by BISHOP Coxs, r> 

Oa. ST/WUL3TAN, by KATHEBINB F. JACKSON. 10 cwt*. 

7. ARCHBISHOP CRANMER AND THE PRAYER BOOK, by the 

RKV. SAMTIBX. HABT, Custodian of the Standard Prayer Book. 10 

8. MAK/TYRS OF THE REFORMATION, by the Rv. HBMRT Fwt- 

9. DR. U SAMUEL "JOHNSON, by the RSV. G. D. JOHNSON, i>. r>. 10 

10. BISHOP WHITE OF PENN., by the RBV. S. R. OOLLAUAY. 10 

"cAPfi PALMAR', by M;"rl F K*E Z Ry. C * n iOc. 
a EDITOR or "CANTICA SANCTOKUM"; and 8T. 
v KATIIXRXNR FKANCXA JACKSON, to contu, 
OF NEWFOUNDLAND, by JUUAC.KMSMT. 10 

BISHOP PHILANDER CHASE, a sketch by his cranddaughter 

> R*V. WjJtJCMk GWTNV*. 




with map, compiled by ('. B. B. lOo. 
N, hy 1>. O. YAAOA*A. 



KUMA (*. 

" M. CH 
BxaT w. 
SH, by t 



MOXMIHOH* 10 <H*nta, 
CRUSADERS, by th* MiasRS JACKOH. Part* I and H. 

, by RBV. JAMW GAMKACX, LU D,. and St. FINN! AX 

imr). Ul r+ 




$ 1 .00 Subscribers will each receive a copy of 1 2 o*ob*rs,a 



The Kingdom Growing, A Beriea of 16 Iea8ona on the Mibstons of the 
American Church, by the Rev. Lester Bradner, Jr , Ph D 26 
cents. Extra Leaflet copies of the questions on the lessons, 10 cents. 

Twice Around the World, bv Mis A. T Twing. 250 pages and 100 illus- 
trations Papoi 50 cents, cloth. $1 00 

The Japan Mission of the American Church, by REV R W ANDBJBWB of 
Missionary District of Tokyo. 13 illustrations, 159 pages Cloth 
SI. 00, paper 50 cents 

Companion Volume 

The Light of Japan: Work of the Church of England in the Diocese 
of South Tokyo, Osaka and Kiu Shin, by A. Arnold and a preface by 
the Bishop of South Tokyo. 210 pages with 23 illustrations. Cloth 
$1.00, paper 75 cents. 

The Church's Mission to the Mountaineers of the South, by Archdea- 
cons of Va., West Va., Lexington and Asheville, and the Rev S C. 
Hughson, O. H C of Sewanee, Tenn., compiled by the Rev Walter 
Hughsoii. 



The Missionary Leaflet, fc l 

Schools and Missionary classes. Single number, post-paid, 3 cents. Spe- 
cial discounts on large orders. 

SBRXXS 1. THB MISSIONARY CHAIN IN Bora PRIMARY AND JUNIOR GBADHS 
I. The Missionary Chain. 

What is Missionary WorkT 
Founding of the Church in Our Land. 
Growth, of the Church in the United State*. 




l2." Norfolk Island. 

13 New South Wales Part II. 



Dhurch Schools 
Church Hospiti 

jSty Missions. 

Thu set in pamphlet or leaflets in twelve number* of either grade. 15 
cent*. Ten or more set* of the leaflet* to one address, 10 centt each. 

SBHIES II. JUNIOR GRAM. The Missionary Districts. 

Revited Edition in preparation. 

SERIES III. JUNIOR GBADB. Missions of the Church of England. 

1. Beginnings of Modern Missions. 11. New J3outh Wales Part I. 

2. Uganda. "" "--*'*- T - 1 J 
3* Some Missions in Canada. 

4. South Africa. 

5. Early Missions in India, 
ft. India and Ceylon. 

7. New Zealand. 

8. Madagascar. 

9. Zaaubar and L&koma Fart 

10. Zansibar and Likoma Part 

The Set, one oopv ooh, 25 cents, 

SBBXBB IV. JUNIOR GBADB. 
1. Brasil 3 cent*. 

INTRODUCTORY SRXBS. SBMIOR GRABS. The Conversion of the World. 




e WeSt Indies P 

Sf Indies Part II. 
Labuan and Sara- 



t. The Beginnings. 

2. Conversion ofTSurope. . 



E&. 



T&^JtidSUte.. 



4. Con version ( of Asia. Part I. Assyria, 

Part III. China. 

Part IV. Japan. 

" " " Part V. Coiea. Formosa, the Philippine*, 

5. Conversion of Afnoa. Part I. Northern Africa. 

" " " Part II. West Africa and Liberia. 

" " * Part III. South Africa with Supplement 

" " Part IV. East Equatorial Afnoa. 

6. Conversion of 4 Australasia. Part I. vf* 1 ?**!^*! 

Part III. Melanesia, 
Thi* Set, one copy each, tn pamphlet 25 cents, in Uaflet form 20 ctntt. 

SIMS* V. Heroes In the Mission Field. 



Chalmers of New 



lustrations ; ,.._. _ 

blank-books. 15 ctnt* t, 

No. 1. George Lawrence PilkingtonNo. 7. James 

No. 2. John Selwyn of Melanesia. No. 8. Charles H. Brent* Bishop of 
No. 3. John Horden of Moosenee. the Philippines. 

No. 4. Chinese Gordon. No. 9. George Selwyn of New Zea- 
No. 5. The Lawrences of India. land 

No. 6. John G. Paton of the New 
Hebrides. 

THH PICTURE Sum. 

Teacher's Helps for the " Kingdom Growing 
Chain," m one envelope as ahoxe. 25 ~ 

1. The Missionary Chain. 6. Mi 

2. The Church in America. 



Missions ta^thV'Wbite Races in 

our Land* 
Missions to the Colored People. 



Six 



and for the "Ubtsionary 
its each. 

_ .MIS in Alaska. Extra No. 
5 envelopes for the use of 
Interdiocosan Study 
rse, 75 cents, tife belo* , 
PCial Sertt-B." 
ns in Porto Rico. 




^ ______ 

ns. 06 ^ Picture Series No. .} 15 ettt each, 



Kve __ K 

the Set, 75 cents. 
NOTB:Fw^er*i^le*on, VI wmU IMA 12 N<w. / S*vit / Afite*en 

Six Lessons and five Helps on Alaska (Leader edition complete) in pamph- 

Blve LwonS^lome Strateffi^ Points in the 1 



Some Stratexic Points in the 
i Course. Lent, 190ft. la three e 
or one pamphlet (Leader's edition), co 
of Six Leaflets for Class use, 
. from the above for 
\ 25 cents, 
i Ja 



Field; tain* the InUr- 
pes for Kracral claw use, 
, 75 cent*. Extra Mtc 
cents a dowa. SelscUd 
clans 




ituthr fhtfftu9 p0tiwMe en 
ttndy^tat^rdtrto 

MISS HARY E: BEACH, 3ec'y and Traa, 

2lt State Street, ttertli