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Item Improving Precaution Adherence at BMC(2014) Warsham, Christopher; Walker, Jacob; Shanmugam, Uday Kumar; Sulis, CarolItem Trace Element Analysis of Human Tooth Enamel by LA-ICP-MS for Estimating Region of Origin(2014-05-13) Jones, Meaghan; Bethard, Jonathan; Dudgeon, John; Holmer, MarieTooth enamel is among the most durable substances in the human body and as such has high recoverability in forensic anthropology cases. Its crystalline hydroxyapatite matrix has a slightly variable chemical composition which incorporates biologically available trace elements. The trace elements are derived from an individual’s diet and the water he or she consumes during the period of enamel formation. As a result, trace element profiles of enamel can reflect the geology, pollution, and certain cultural dietary factors of the area in which they resided during this period. This research examines a sample of teeth with known demographic information from the Antioquia Modern Skeletal Reference Collection in Medellin, Colombia. A sample set of 75 teeth from 61 individuals born in areas throughout northwestern Colombia were analyzed using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma- mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), a minimally destructive, semi-quantitative technique. Analysis was performed at the Center for Archaeology, Materials, and Applied Spectroscopy (CAMAS) at Idaho State University. 33 elements were analyzed in the sample. Nonparametric methods were used to assess the relationship between elemental profiles and region of origin. Sr, Mo, Ag, Ba, Eu, and Tm concentration profiles were found to vary among regional groups. Al, Ni, Cr, Mn, Co, Sr, Cd, Sb, Sm, Eu, and U were found to predict region of origin. Differences in municipality were classified with 72% accuracy, variation across the department of Antioquia was classified with 67% accuracy, and the age of the geologic substrate was classified with 67% accuracy. The results suggest that trace element analysis of permanent tooth enamel may be of some use in estimating an individual’s region of origin in forensic anthropological contexts. Further research with both larger sample sizes and more geographic variation is necessary.Item Inter- and Intra-Individual Variability in Non-Linguistic Attention in Aphasia(2014-05-13) Villard, Sarah; Kiran, SwathiItem "You Know a Girl When You See One": Experiences of Surgeons Who Perform Gender Affirmation/Reassignment Surgery (GAS)(2014-05-13) Christian, RobertMost recent research regarding GAS focuses on discrimination and health disparities faced by the transgender community, and on perspectives and identity constructions of patients transitioning from one gender presentation to another. However, few studies address perspectives and experiences of the surgeons performing these operations. This poster serves to gain insight into some of the experiences of these surgeons, in the context of contemporary American society.Item Youth Sports Head Injuries: A Legislative Approach(2014-05-13) Perry, Kaitlyn IHead injury in youth sports is increasingly relevant to public health; policy is a viable option to mitigate the negative short- and long-term outcomes of head injury. The CDC estimates that U.S. emergency departments treat 173,285 sports related traumatic brain injuries annually in individuals ages 19 and younger. This may be an underestimate, as many concussions in youth sports often go unreported and untreated, increasing the risk of long-term effects from repetitive head injury. To combat brain trauma in youth sports, all fifty states and the District of Columbia have enacted legislation as of 2014. Previous research from Dr. Hosea A. Harvey, JD, of Temple University, examined these laws and found that much of the legislation is inconsistent and varies by state. The legislation primarily focuses on treatment and action plans after a head injury has already occurred. These laws are generally implemented through state athletic associations. A re-examination of the laws in combination with state athletic association concussion information sheets builds upon previous literature. In order to reduce negative effects of head injury in youth sports, the following improvements are suggested: develop more uniform and comprehensive concussion education for stakeholders (coaches, parents, athletes), create effective enforcement mechanisms for existing legislation, and implement measures such as limiting contact practices to reduce overall head injury incidence. Implementing these key aspects into existing state concussion statutes will greatly improve concussion prevention, education, and management.