African Ajami Library

Founded and led by Dr. Fallou Ngom (Professor of Anthropology and former Director of the African Studies Center at Boston University), the African Ajami Library (AAL) is a collaborative initiative between Boston University and the West African Research Center (WARC) in part funded by the British Library’s Endangered Archives Programme. The AAL is envisioned as a continental open access public repository of aggregated Ajami texts from non-Europhone Africa. The first step in building the AAL took place in the summer of 2011 when Professor Ngom and late Mr. Roger Brisson, former Head of Metadata Services of Boston University Libraries traveled to Senegal to lead a workshop at WARC focused on digitization techniques of endangered Wolof Ajami manuscripts.

Although written records are rarely regarded as part of sub-Saharan Africa’s intellectual heritage, important bodies of Ajami manuscripts have existed in Oromo, Somali, Tigrigna, Kiswahili, Amharic, and Malagasy in East Africa, and Bamanakan, Mandinka, Kanuri, Yoruba, Berber, Hausa, Wolof, and Fulfulde in West Africa for centuries. In South Africa, Muslim Malay slaves produced the first written record of Afrikaans in Ajami. The neglect of African Ajami archives is due to a number of factors, including the lack of an Ajami public depository, the limited number of individuals with the linguistic skills and cultural background required to analyze Ajami documents, and a lack of recognition of the cultural value of Ajami texts, as many Europeans and Arab scholars with the linguistic competence to study these materials have often deemed them of little scholarly interest. Yet, Ajami traditions of Africa are centuries-old and are quite varied, consisting of satirical, polemical and protest poetry, as well as biographies, eulogies, genealogies, talismanic resources, therapeutic medical manuals, family journals, business transactions, historical records, speeches, texts on administrative and diplomatic matters (correspondence between Sultans and provincial rulers), texts on Islamic jurisprudence, behavioral codes, grammar, and even visual arts. The primary goal of the AAL is to ensure that these materials are no longer treated as insignificant vestiges, but rather as major sources of African knowledge, without which a holistic and in-depth understanding of Africa will remain elusive.

NEH Ajami Project Resources

The Boston University research project, Ajami Literacy and the Expansion of Literacy and Islam: The Case of West Africa, funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities, has digitized a unique selection of manuscripts in Ajami in four major West African languages (Hausa, Mandinka, Fula, and Wolof), transcribed and translated them into English and French, prepared commentary, and created related multimedia resources to be made widely available to the scholarly community and the general public. The project is the first systematic comparative approach of several major African languages written in Ajami, examining the different patterns of Ajami development in these four languages and literatures, and the multiple forms and custodians of Ajami literacy. It also marks the first time that such varied African Ajami documents have been translated into two major European languages (French and English) and made accessible to communities and scholars globally. The resources can be accessed on the project’s website. For any feedback and comments, please contact project director Dr. Fallou Ngom (fngom@bu.edu) and project manager Dr. Rodima-Taylor (rodima@bu.edu).

Boston University African Ajami scholars published a new special issue “Ajami Literacies of Africa” in Islamic Africa (volumes 14.2 and 15.1). The double special issue explores the literatures and literacies of four major languages of West Africa: Wolof, Mandinka, Hausa, and Fula, and situates African Ajami studies within participatory multimedia and digital archiving approaches. The special issue is co-edited by Fallou Ngom, Daivi Rodima-Taylor, David Robinson, and Rebecca Shereikis, and centers around the knowledge generated through the African Ajami “research project” funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities. The articles of the special issue establish important historical dimensions of the role of Ajami literacy in mediating communication and knowledge in local communities that have not yet been systematically studied. They enable unique comparative perspectives on Ajami use in four major West African languages, contributing to the interpretive and contextual analysis of Ajami literacies and their social role. The special issue articles draw on the materials in our African Ajami collections, analyzing various manuscripts and topics and situating them socially and temporally in their communities of origin. They also explore the role of digital technologies and archival methods in studying and preserving African Ajami texts. For more info, please see the Pardee School news article about the special issue, “here”.