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    Thalamocortical control of propofol phase-amplitude coupling

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    Copyright: © 2017 Soplata et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
    Date Issued
    2017-10-02
    Publisher Version
    10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005879
    Author(s)
    Soplata, Austin E.
    McCarthy, Michelle M.
    Sherfey, Jason
    Lee, Shane
    Purdon, Patrick L.
    Brown, Emery N.
    Kopell, Nancy
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    Permanent Link
    https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27398
    Citation (published version)
    Austin E Soplata, Michelle M McCarthy, Jason Sherfey, Shane Lee, Patrick L Purdon, Emery N Brown, Nancy Kopell. "Thalamocortical control of propofol phase-amplitude coupling.." PLoS Comput Biol, Volume 13, Issue 12:e1005879.
    Abstract
    The anesthetic propofol elicits many different spectral properties on the EEG, including alpha oscillations (8-12 Hz), Slow Wave Oscillations (SWO, 0.1-1.5 Hz), and dose-dependent phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) between alpha and SWO. Propofol is known to increase GABAA inhibition and decrease H-current strength, but how it generates these rhythms and their interactions is still unknown. To investigate both generation of the alpha rhythm and its PAC to SWO, we simulate a Hodgkin-Huxley network model of a hyperpolarized thalamus and corticothalamic inputs. We find, for the first time, that the model thalamic network is capable of independently generating the sustained alpha seen in propofol, which may then be relayed to cortex and expressed on the EEG. This dose-dependent sustained alpha critically relies on propofol GABAA potentiation to alter the intrinsic spindling mechanisms of the thalamus. Furthermore, the H-current conductance and background excitation of these thalamic cells must be within specific ranges to exhibit any intrinsic oscillations, including sustained alpha. We also find that, under corticothalamic SWO UP and DOWN states, thalamocortical output can exhibit maximum alpha power at either the peak or trough of this SWO; this implies the thalamus may be the source of propofol-induced PAC. Hyperpolarization level is the main determinant of whether the thalamus exhibits trough-max PAC, which is associated with lower propofol dose, or peak-max PAC, associated with higher dose. These findings suggest: the thalamus generates a novel rhythm under GABAA potentiation such as under propofol, its hyperpolarization may determine whether a patient experiences trough-max or peak-max PAC, and the thalamus is a critical component of propofol-induced cortical spectral phenomena. Changes to the thalamus may be a critical part of how propofol accomplishes its effects, including unconsciousness.
    Description
    Data Availability: All MATLAB code necessary to run our simulations is available at https://github.com/asoplata/propofol-coupling-2017-full and the mechanisms files alone for usage with the DynaSim simulator (https://github.com/dynasim/dynasim) are available at https://github.com/asoplata/propofol-coupling-2017-mechanisms.
    Rights
    Copyright: © 2017 Soplata et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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