Putative protective neural mechanisms in prereaders with a family history of dyslexia who subsequently develop typical reading skills
Date
2020-07
Authors
Yu, Xi
Zuk, Jennifer
Perdue, Meaghan V.
Ozernov-Palchik, Ola
Raney, Talia
Beach, Sarah D.
Norton, Elizabeth S.
Ou, Yangming
Gabrieli, John D.E.
Gaab, Nadine
Version
Published version
OA Version
Citation
X. Yu, J. Zuk, M.V. Perdue, O. Ozernov-Palchik, T. Raney, S.D. Beach, E.S. Norton, Y. Ou, J.D.E. Gabrieli, N. Gaab. 2020. "Putative protective neural mechanisms in prereaders with a family history of dyslexia who subsequently develop typical reading skills.." Hum Brain Mapp, Volume 41, Issue 10, pp. 2827 - 2845. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.24980
Abstract
Developmental dyslexia affects 40-60% of children with a familial risk (FHD+) compared to a general prevalence of 5-10%. Despite the increased risk, about half of FHD+ children develop typical reading abilities (FHD+Typical). Yet the underlying neural characteristics of favorable reading outcomes in at-risk children remain unknown. Utilizing a retrospective, longitudinal approach, this study examined whether putative protective neural mechanisms can be observed in FHD+Typical at the prereading stage. Functional and structural brain characteristics were examined in 47 FHD+ prereaders who subsequently developed typical (n = 35) or impaired (n = 12) reading abilities and 34 controls (FHD-Typical). Searchlight-based multivariate pattern analyses identified distinct activation patterns during phonological processing between FHD+Typical and FHD-Typical in right inferior frontal gyrus (RIFG) and left temporo-parietal cortex (LTPC) regions. Follow-up analyses on group-specific classification patterns demonstrated LTPC hypoactivation in FHD+Typical compared to FHD-Typical, suggesting this neural characteristic as an FHD+ phenotype. In contrast, RIFG showed hyperactivation in FHD+Typical than FHD-Typical, and its activation pattern was positively correlated with subsequent reading abilities in FHD+ but not controls (FHD-Typical). RIFG hyperactivation in FHD+Typical was further associated with increased interhemispheric functional and structural connectivity. These results suggest that some protective neural mechanisms are already established in FHD+Typical prereaders supporting their typical reading development.
Description
License
© 2020 The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.