The biopsychosocial influence on disease progression: a systematic review of psychological factors in pain management, cancer, and autoimmune disorders
OA Version
Citation
Abstract
Chronic pain, cancer, and autoimmune diseases are increasingly viewed through a biopsychosocial perspective, highlighting the significant role psychological factors play in shaping disease progression and overall patient health. This thesis explores how cognitive, emotional, and behavioral dimensions affect patient outcomes, clinical results, and symptom control in these illnesses. In the case of chronic pain, psychosocial factors like fear related to pain, catastrophizing, and depression can lead to the persistence of pain and increased disability. Research in oncology and psychoneuroimmunology indicates that ongoing psychological stress may hasten tumor growth through neuroendocrine activation and immune dysfunction, while mood disorders, such as depression, correlate with reduced survival rates in cancer patients.Autoimmune diseases have complex interactions with mental health; for instance, stress and anxiety can trigger autoimmune flare-ups or even their initial onset. Furthermore, individuals with conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis who suffer from depression or anxiety tend to experience increased disease activity and poorer functional outcomes. These psychological aspects are not just associated with outcomes; they significantly influence pathophysiology through mechanisms like hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation, excessive sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity, and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This thesis compiles findings from pain medicine, psycho-oncology, and psychoneuroimmunology to emphasize the vital importance of psychological factors in chronic illness. The primary objectives are to clarify the effects of significant psychological elements in each area and to assess how addressing these elements can enhance patient outcomes and symptom management. By merging clinical and mechanistic research, this work highlights that effective management of chronic pain, cancer, and autoimmune diseases requires not only biomedical treatments but also psychological interventions, ultimately fostering a more comprehensive approach to patient care.
Description
2025
License
Attribution 4.0 International