Transcription factor NF-κB is modulated by symbiotic status in a sea anemone model of cnidarian bleaching.
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Published version
Date
2017-11-22
Authors
Mansfield, Katelyn M.
Carter, Nicole M.
Nguyen, Linda
Cleves, Phillip A.
Alshanbayeva, Anar
Williams, Leah M.
Crowder, Camerron
Penvose, Ashley R.
Finnerty, John R.
Weis, Virginia M.
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OA Version
Citation
Katelyn M Mansfield, Nicole M Carter, Linda Nguyen, Phillip A Cleves, Anar Alshanbayeva, Leah M Williams, Camerron Crowder, Ashley R Penvose, John R Finnerty, Virginia M Weis, Trevor W Siggers, Thomas D Gilmore. 2017. "Transcription factor NF-κB is modulated by symbiotic status in a sea anemone model of cnidarian bleaching.." Sci Rep, Volume 7, Issue 1, pp. 16025.
Abstract
Transcription factor NF-κB plays a central role in immunity from fruit flies to humans, and NF-κB activity is altered in many human diseases. To investigate a role for NF-κB in immunity and disease on a broader evolutionary scale we have characterized NF-κB in a sea anemone (Exaiptasia pallida; called Aiptasia herein) model for cnidarian symbiosis and dysbiosis (i.e., "bleaching"). We show that the DNA-binding site specificity of Aiptasia NF-κB is similar to NF-κB proteins from a broad expanse of organisms. Analyses of NF-κB and IκB kinase proteins from Aiptasia suggest that non-canonical NF-κB processing is an evolutionarily ancient pathway, which can be reconstituted in human cells. In Aiptasia, NF-κB protein levels, DNA-binding activity, and tissue expression increase when loss of the algal symbiont Symbiodinium is induced by heat or chemical treatment. Kinetic analysis of NF-κB levels following loss of symbiosis show that NF-κB levels increase only after Symbiodinium is cleared. Moreover, introduction of Symbiodinium into naïve Aiptasia larvae results in a decrease in NF-κB expression. Our results suggest that Symbiodinium suppresses NF-κB in order to enable establishment of symbiosis in Aiptasia. These results are the first to demonstrate a link between changes in the conserved immune regulatory protein NF-κB and cnidarian symbiotic status.
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