WOMEN IN THE 
MISSION FIELD 



k I 




VSTUDIA IN / 



THE LIBRARY 

of 
VICTORIA UNIVERSITY 

Toronto 




NATIVE CHRISTIAN GIRLS. 



WOMEN 

IN THE MISSION FIELD 



(Blimpses of 
Christian Women among tbe Ibeatben. 



JOHN TELFORD, B.A. 



^London : 

CHARLES H. KELLY, 2, CASTLE ST., CITY ROAD, EC.; 

AND 66, PATERNOSTER Row. 

1895- 



e 

f" : / - 

T4 

ENIMANUa 



. //./a 



Printed by Hazell, Watson, & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury. 



CONTENTS. 



PAGE 

MARY MOFFAT . . 9 
MARY LIVINGSTONE . 

ANN HASSELTINE JUDSON 4 1 

SARAH BOARDMAN JUDSON . 59 

DOROTHY JONES AND THE MARIA MAIL BOAT 75 

MARGARET CARGILL IN TONGA AND FIJI 9 1 

MARY CRYER, THE MISSIONARY SAINT . 107 

HELEN SAKER AND THE CAMEROONS MISSION 121 

ANNA HINDERER IN THE YORUBA COUNTRY 137 

MARY L. WHATELY AMONG THE MOSLEMS . 153 

LYDIA M. ROUSE AMONG SOLDIERS AND SAILORS IN 

INDIA 

A.L.O.E. AT BATALA lSl 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 

PAGE 

NATIVE CHRISTIAN GIRLS . . . Frontispiece. 

MARY MOFFAT . . . 

AN AFRICAN VILLAGE ... 2 4 

ANN HASSELTINE JUDSON . 4 

MISSION PREMISES, BURMA . 

DOROTHY JONES (AFTERWARDS MRS. HINCKSMAN) 74 

KING GEORGE OF TONGA .... 9 

MISSION PREMISES AT MANAARGOODY . . . 106 

MISSION HOUSE AND SCHOOLS, AMBAS BAY . 120 

YORUBA MUSICIANS 136 

Miss M. L. WHATELY 152 

PART OF THE MAIDAN AND RIVER, CALCUTTA . . . .166 
Miss TUCKER (BEFORE HER VISIT TO INDIA) . . . .180 

Miss TUCKER S HOME AT BATALA 192 



MARY MOFFAT. 




MARY MOFFAT. 



MARY MOFFAT* 

NO age since that of the apostles can point to so 
glorious a record of missionary heroism as this 
nineteenth century of ours. It has been the era of inven 
tions that have revolutionised society. Steam and electricity 
have wrought marvels in binding together the nations and 
preparing the way for that brotherhood of man towards 
which Christ is leading the world. But whilst science and 
invention, discovery and travel have their heroic names, 
the mission field has names still more heroic. The men 
who have won the Church s victories in Africa, in Fiji, in 
Madagascar, challenge comparison with the apostles, and 
their successors in the first days of Christianity. What 
ever tribute we may pay to the missionaries who have gone 
forth to labour among the heathen must be shared by the 
noble band of women who have stood at their side, sharers 
of their peril and success. Many a precious life would have 
been sacrificed had there not been the loving care of home 
for those who were daily exposed to privation and disease, 
whilst cannibals and savages would have missed the most 



* "The Lives of Robert and Mary Moflat." By J. S. Moffat. 
T. F. Unwin.) 

y 



10 MARY M OFF AT. 



alluring illustrations of the new religion in the homes of its 
teachers and witnesses. 

The first place on the roll of these elect women belongs 
to Mary Moffat. She has a double claim to honour as the 
wife of Robert Moffat and the mother of Mrs. Livingstone. 
Her father, James Smith, was a native of Perthshire, who 
had crossed the Border and married Mary Gray, of York, 
in 1792. He was a Nonconformist; his wife belonged to 
the Church of England. Both were earnest Christians. 
Mary Smith, their only daughter, was born in 1795 at New 
Windsor, which now forms part of Salford. A few months 
later the Scotchman whose name and work she was after 
wards to share was born at Ormiston, in East Lothian. 
She was sent to the Moravian School at Fairfield, where 
the girl s strong sense of devotion to Christ was fostered 
by precept and example. 

The future missionary s wife owed not a little to the 
sacred influences which surrounded her as a school-girl. 
We catch a glimpse of her from the " Records of Albion 
Independent Chapel, Ashton-under-Lyme." Her father 
was one of fourteen seceders from Providence Chapel, and 
when interim services were held in a carpenter s shed in 
Cricket s Lane, " she was there, ever active and attentive to 
all. She often arranged the benches and other furniture of 
the place in order to reduce the discomfort to a minimum ; 
found the hymns for strangers, and invited people to 
attend." 

Life moved peacefully on in her home at Dukinfield 
Nursery till Robert Moffat appeared on the scene. An old 
poster at Warrington had caught the eye of the young 
gardener, whose heart was set on the mission-field, and had 



MARY M OFF AT. n 



led him to visit Mr. Roby in Manchester. The good 
minister saw that there was true metal in the Scotchman, 
and tried to find him some place near at hand where he 
might have further opportunity of testing him. Every 
effort to find a suitable situation failed. At last Mr. Roby 
said : " I have still one friend who employs many men to 
whom I can apply, provided you have no objection to go 
into a nursery garden." Moffat was ready to go anywhere. 
Mr. Roby therefore started off again to see Mr. Smith, 
of Dukinfield Nursery, They found him at his shop in 
Deansgate. The matter was soon settled. Moffat was to 
work five days a week for twelve or thirteen shillings. 
The visitors had scarcely left the shop before Mr. Smith 
remembered that his only daughter had a great love for 
missions. He set out to catch Mr. Roby and his com 
panion, but they had vanished round some comer. Mr. 
Smith therefore turned back and allowed things to take 
their course. The father s fears were only too well founded. 
The young people soon became warmly attached to each 
other, and Mary Smith promised to share her lover s labours 
among the heathen. No one rejoiced more at such an 
issue than Mr. Roby. He wrote : " Poor Moffat s amiable 
disposition and eminent devotedness have attracted the 
affectionate regard of his master s daughter, a young lady 
of high piety, of polished manners, and the expectant of 
a considerable fortune. She possesses as truly a missionary 
spirit as he, and is eager to accompany him ; but her 
parents forbid it, and both she and he therefore determine 
to sacrifice their ardent wishes." 

When she found herself unable to accompany him, Miss 
Smith urged Moffat to marry some one else, but he told her 



12 MARY M OFF AT, 



that "he could not reconcile his mind to taking another." 
He sailed alone for Africa on October 18, 1816. During 
his twelve trying months in Namaqualand he sorely felt 
the need of a companion. He tells his father and mother : 
" I have many difficulties to encounter being alone. No 
one can do anything for me in my household affairs. I 
must attend to everything, which often confuses me, and, 
indeed, hinders me in my work, for I could wish to have 
almost nothing to do but to instruct the heathen, both 
spiritually and temporally." He saw no prospect of happier 
times, for the last two letters from Dukinfield had effectually 
blasted his hopes. Miss Smith had most reluctantly re 
nounced the idea of ever getting abroad, as her father 
stoutly refused his consent. The young missionary was 
greatly cast down, but learned to lean on God s promises 
in his loneliness. 

Meanwhile events were bringing about the consummation 
he so greatly desired. On the very day after his own letter 
was written, Mary Smith wrote to tell Mr. and Mrs. Moffat 
in Scotland that the desire of her heart had been granted. 
" After two years and a half of the most painful anxiety, I 
have, through the tender mercy of God, obtained permission 
of my dear parents to proceed some time next spring to 
join your dear son in his arduous work. This is what I 
by no means expected a week ago, but God s thoughts are 
not as our thoughts. When He arises every mountain flows 
down at His presence. He has the hearts of all men in 
His hands, and can turn them as the rivers of water. So 
He has done with regard to my dear parents. Previous 
to the arrival of these last letters, my father had persisted 
in saying that I should never have his consent ; my dear 



MARY M OFF AT. 13 



mother has uniformly asserted that it would break her 
heart (as I have no sister, and she is far advanced in life). 
Notwithstanding all this, they both yesterday calmly re 
signed me into the hands of the Lord, declaring they durst 
no longer withhold me." 

Now that her way was open, the young lady began to 
understand what it meant to leave all for Christ. The 
thought of parting with her kindred seemed almost too 
much to bear. " Sometimes I think I shall never get 
launched on the ocean before grief weighs me down ; but 
such are my convictions of duty that I believe, were I to 
remain here another year, it would then be out of my power 
to go, for I must sink under the weight of an accusing 
conscience, when I consider Robert s peculiarly trying 
situation and the strong affection which he seems to bear 
me. When he last wrote he was exceedingly well, very 
happy in his work, but quite alone, seldom sees a white 

face." 

Another letter to her parents breathes the same spirit. 
She was staying in Manchester at the time, and wondered 
whether her father and mother .still felt as though they 
could resign her to Christ and the heathen. She had often 
feared that they would only give her up under compulsion, 
but when she saw them calmly declare that they felt it 
would be wrong to withhold consent any longer, she rejoiced 
in the evident hand of God, and assured them that they 
would not be losers by this sacrifice. 

Miss Smith sailed for Cape Town in September, 1819. 
It was a trying voyage. Often during the night, when 
the angry billows thundered against her cabin, her thoughts 
turned to home and friends. Her heart sickened, and 



1 4 MARY M OFF AT. 



floods of tears drenched her face. She had her recompense 
at last when she met Robert Moffat once more. " I have 
found him," she wrote home, "all that my heart could 
desire, except his being almost worn out with anxiety, and 
his very look makes my heart ache." They were married 
in St. George s Church, Cape Town, on December 27, 1819. 
Early next year they set out for Kuruman, then called 
Lattakoo, their future station. The young wife sent home 
an encouraging account of their experiences. Her health 
was extraordinary, she liked waggon life better than she 
expected, she found that their table was generally well 
spread. Her husband, himself inured to hardships, was 
surprised at his wife s quiet heroism. She took everything 
as she found it, and encountered with ease what English 
people would call difficulties. Her happy spirit helped 
her to smile at many a trouble. Six years before, when 
Mr. Campbell, now one of their colleagues, had been in 
Manchester, Mary Moffat felt that she would like to live 
and labour here. With tears in her eyes and an over 
flowing heart she ventured to pray, "Oh that I might 
spend my days at Lattakoo." God had now brought her 
to the very place. Living in a single vestry with mud walls 
and floor she felt singularly happy, as though honour had 
been conferred on her which the proudest king could not 
bestow. 

Towards the end of 1820 Mrs. Moffat was prostrated 
by severe illness. It scarcely seemed as though she could 
recover. The following spring Moffat was able to send 
good news. "She who a few months ago stood on the 
brink of eternity, expecting hourly to quit the tottering 
fabric, delivering with sinking voice her last message, is 



MARY M OFF AT. 



at this moment sitting in perfect health, with a lovely, 
healthy daughter on her knee. Surely this is the Lord s 
doing, and it is marvellous in our eyes." The little girl, 
called Mary, was in due time to become the wife of David 
Livingstone. The Moffats had been working for some 
months at Griqua Town, but in May, 1821, they returned 
to Kuruman. The Bechwanas had hitherto turned a deaf 
ear to the gospel. The ground given to the missionaries 
and irrigated after much toil was encroached on by the 
women, foremost among whom was the chief s wife. Large 
part of their corn was seized, their sheep were stolen, their 
food, tools, and household utensils were shamelessly carried 
off whenever there was opportunity. The people were 
unwilling to hear the missionary; if a boy or girl came 
to be taught they were soon laughed out of it. In August, 
1822, Mrs. MofTat writes: "We have no prosperity in the 
work, not the least sign of good being done. The 
Bootsuanas seem more careless than ever, and seldom 
enter the church. Their indifference seems to increase, 
and instead of rejoicing, we have continually to mourn over 
them." Five years had passed since the first missionaries 
came, yet there was no sign of blessing. They laboured 
on patiently. As long as domestic affairs would allow 
Mrs. MofTat made it a rule to go with her husband when 
he had to be away more than a couple of days. If he 
went alone he took no care of himself, and his wife felt 
that he had known sufficient hardship in Namaqualand 
for a lifetime. 

Many dangers threatened them during these early years. 
The savage tyrant Chaka, with the dreaded Matabeles and 
Mantatees, ravaged the land. The missionaries were twice 



1 6 MARY M OFF AT. 



compelled to seek refuge at Griqua Town. Mrs. Moffat 
was sometimes left alone at the station trembling both for 
her husband s safety and her own. She tells him in one 
letter that "it requires the exercise of some fortitude to 
be calm and serene under such a separation, in such cir 
cumstances and at such a time, in a land of barbarians." 
Her heart often fluttered when a strange face appeared, 
and she hoped to have some letter from her absent 
husband. It was no small relief when he was safely 
home again. 

Moffat sometimes had to make long journeys alone into 
the interior, but though his wife felt her loneliness greatly, 
she was able to say, " I feel a satisfaction in sacrificing 
my dear husband s company when I reflect that it is for 
the cause of Christ, and I feel persuaded that these 
journeys into the interior are of enormous importance 
to the kingdom of our Lord, as they prepare the way 
for the spread of the gospel." The extreme selfishness, 
filthiness, obstinate stupidity, and want of sensibility in 
the natives often made an English lady shrink from the 
thought of spending her life among them, but the memory 
of Christ s sacrifice nerved her to bear her own cross. 
She once asked a woman to move out of her kitchen 
that she might close it before going to some service. The 
woman seized a piece of wood to hurl at her head, so that 
she was thankful to escape with her babe to the chapel 
leaving this creature in possession. 

Early in 1825 the Moffats were able to return to 
Kuruman. The population was much reduced, but the 
people had learnt that the missionaries were friends born 
for adversity. Mrs. Moffat s mother died in October, 



MARY MOFFAT. 17 



rejoicing that her daughter was in the mission field, and 
that her son had become pastor of a church at Hulme. 
In 1827 a substantial stone dwelling-house took the place 
of the wooden structure covered with mud. Moffat was 
now able to devote more time to the language. One day, 
when talking with his wife about the discouragements of 
the work, she reminded him that the people had not heard 
the gospel in their own tongue wherein they were born. 
The language had not yet been reduced to a written form, 
and there were so many people who spoke Dutch that 
the necessity for mastering Sechwana was not so very 
urgent. But the time had now come for a final effort. 
Moffat went north, and buried himself for two months in 
a place where no other language was spoken. There he 
lived amid filth and lewd conversation and discomfort of 
every sort. But he gained his end. When he got back 
to Kuruman he was able to dispense with an interpreter. 
The natives could find no fault with his Sechwana, save 
that it smacked too much of the Serolone dialect. 

He had now secured a supply of books and began a 
native school. Four Bechwanas could soon read the 
gospel in their own tongue ; six or eight more were making 
rapid progress. Fifty attended day school ; forty came in 
the evenings. The Sechwana hymns were greatly enjoyed. 
Mrs. Moffat had never lost heart. "We may not live to 
see it," she used to say, " but the awakening will come 
as surely as the sun will rise to-morrow." A friend in 
Sheffield asked whether she could send anything that 
would help the mission. " Send us a communion service," 
was the reply ; " we shall want it some day." Her faith 
was signally honoured. In 1829 the great awakening 

2 



1 8 MARY M OFF AT. 



came. The meeting house was crowded before time for 
service. Heathen songs and dancing ceased ; a social and 
moral transformation began. Sometimes the sobs and 
cries of the people made it impossible for the speaker 
to be heard. Mrs. Moffat now had happy tidings for her 
friends at home. She often wished they could be witnesses 
of the outpouring of God s Spirit on the once hardened 
Bechwanas. 

In June, 1830, the Moffats visited the Cape to leave 
their two elder children at Salem, the Wesleyan school 
near Grahamstown, and get parts of the New Testament 
printed. Moffat received some useful lessons in printing, 
and secured a press of his own for Kuruman. It was 
a formidable task to carry it up the country and set it 
in working order, but when it began to turn out lessons 
for the school, the toil was well repaid. In 1833 Mrs. 
Moffat paid a visit to her children at the Cape. She 
was absent five months. It was not pleasant to take such 
a journey without her husband, but he could not be spared 
from the mission. Mrs. Moffat felt that when she had 
no earthly protector near it was blessed to rest entirely on 
God. In 1835 sne na d a serious illness, which made it 
necessary to go for a change to the Cape. Weak though 
she was, she w r ent alone, rather than take her husband 
away from his post. She returned safely to Kuruman the 
following June, but her health was declining, and at the 
end of 1838 it again became necessary to visit the Colony. 

On reaching Cape Town Mr. Moffat found that the 
printing of his translation of the New Testament was too 
heavy a task for the printers. They were thus compelled 
to come to England. Their children and native attendants 



MARY MOFFAT. 19 



had suffered from a severe epidemic of measles raging 
at the Cape, but friends helped them, and they were soon 
on board a passing vessel. Before they left Table Bay 
another daughter was born. Three days later their boy 
Jamie died at the age of six. All around were suffering 
with sea-sickness. The little fellow lay beside his mother, 
who was too weak to rise, and fell asleep in Jesus with 
the words, " Oh, that will be joyful, when we meet to part 
no more," on his lips. It seemed as though another boy 
would die, but his life was mercifully spared. 

The Moffats found many changes among their kinsfolk, 
but spent a happy time in England. The missionary s 
story everywhere awoke profound interest, and he was 
hurried from town to town to tell it. It won David 
Livingstone for Africa ; William Ross also went there ; 
so that, though his own return was delayed, Mr. Moffat 
felt that the work would not suffer. Mrs. Moffat was 
eager to be back at Kuruman. " I long to see the spot 
again where we have so long toiled and suffered, to see 
our beloved companions in the toil and suffering, and to 
behold our swarthy brethren and sisters again; and I 
long for my home, for although loaded with the kindness 
of friends and welcome everywhere, still home is homely ! : 

Moffat was able to send out five hundred Scchwana 
Testaments with the two young missionaries. 
months later he dispatched five times that number bound 
up with the Psalms. Other translations and the pre 
paration of his " Labours and Scenes in South Africa, 
kept him fully employed in the intervals of deputation 
work. It was not till April, 1843, that the Moffats were 
back in Cape Town. When they drew near to Kuruman 



20 MARY M OFF AT. 



friends flocked out to welcome them home. During the 
following weeks visitors were continually coming to greet 
them. Bechwanaland already recognised Moffat and his 
wife as its apostles. Their daughter Mary now had charge 
of the infant school, but Livingstone soon won her heart 
and hand. In 1846 we find Mrs. Moffat and her three 
younger children on their way to visit the Livingstones, 
escorted by a native hunting party. Next year she had 
to take these children to the Cape. Her husband could 
not be spared, so she bravely went alone. Parting from 
her boys and girls was always one of the severest trials 
of her life. Forty years later the children remembered 
her pathetic tenderness in that journey, and her gentle 
counsels and warnings. She had an anxious time at the 
Cape, but got safely home at last to Kuruman. 

Her father died in 1853 at the age of ninety. He had 
followed her course in Africa for thirty years with profound 
gratitude to God. David Livingstone had now begun 
those journeys into the dark continent which were to bear 
such fruit in its future evangelisation. In 1860 one of 
Mrs. Moffat s sons went as missionary to the Matabele. 
He had been a baby twenty-five years before, when Moffat 
paid his second visit to the terrible Mosilikatse ; now he 
was to be the messenger of Christ to those warriors. 
Troubles came to Kuruman in the death of Mrs. Living 
stone at the Zambesi. Her eldest brother Robert died 
four months later. The death of Jean Fredoux, of the 
Paris Evangelical Society s Mission at Motito, who had 
married their second daughter, was another great blow 
to the Moffats. Mrs. Moffat s sorrow over Mrs. Living 
stone s death was joined to thanksgiving that she "had 



MARY M OFF AT. 



been permitted to meet her end in the front rank of 
those who had gone to strive for the welfare of the 
heathen children of Africa. There was much of this 
Spartan fortitude or rather, perhaps, of the martyr spirit 
in Mary Moffat which strove with her intense and 
womanly love for her own kindred." 

On March 25, 1870, the venerable husband and wife 
set out for England. They had spent nearly half a century 
at Kuruman. The farewell scene was indescribable. ; As 
the old missionary and his wife came out of their door 
and walked to their waggon, they were beset by the crowds, 
each longing for one more touch of the hand and one more 
word; and as the waggon drove away it was followed by 
all who could walk, and a long and painful wail rose, 
enough to melt the hardest heart." The demonstration 

O 

of respect both at the Cape and in England greatly cheered 
the veterans from the field. Mrs. Moffat was only spared 
to enjoy six months rest. She caught cold at Christmas, 
and passed peacefully away after a few days illness. Eor 
more than sixty years she had enjoyed the full assurance 
of faith. No doubt or fear as to the future troubled her. 
Christian hope had borne her up in the midst of all trials 
and bereavements. She knew that her husband would 
never have been the missionary he was but for her loving 
care over him, which grew more tender and constant as 
years rolled by. The old man s first word on finding that 
her spirit had fled was : " Eor fifty-three years I have 
had her to pray for me." Her husband joined her on 
August 9, 1883. 

Mary Moffat s name is written high up among the friends 
of Africa. A nobler, truer helpmeet no missionary could 



22 



MARY M OFF AT. 



have had. On their return to England they once sat 
talking about their missionary life at the London Mission 
House with Mr. Robinson, the Home Secretary. Mrs. 
Moffat, with a fond look at her husband, said, " Robert 
can never say that 7 hindered him in his work ! " "No 
indeed," said Moffat, but I can tell you she has often 
sent me away from house and home for months together 
for evangelising purposes, and in my absence has managed 
the station as well or better than I could have done it 
myself." A grander tribute has never been paid to the 
wife of a missionary hero. 



MARY LIVINGSTONE. 



MARY LIVINGSTONE. 

IN December, 1818, when Mary Smith had at last gained 
her parents permission to go out to South Africa to 
join her future husband, Robert Moffat, she wrote from 
Manchester, where she was staying, to cheer them in view 
of the coming separation. "Oh, mother, will it not gladden 
your heart if the Lord permit me to enter into His work ? 
I say, will it not gladden your heart that the Lord made 
you the mother of at least one child who was so highly 
honoured as to be an instrument in His hands, however 
humble, of doing something towards the conversion of the 
heathen ? Oh, mother, were I a mother, I should esteem 
it the greatest honour which could be conferred on me or 
my child." Rather more than two years later, on April 12, 
1821, her first daughter was born. Little did the mother 
think that her " lovely, healthy " child was to be known and 
honoured throughout Christendom as the heroic wife of 
the great missionary explorer, David Livingstone. 

Little Mary Moffat was consecrated to Africa from her 
cradle. Her mother devoted all her children to the Dark 
Continent, and was bitterly grieved if any of them turned 
aside to other work, however noble or worthy. When she 
accompanied her husband on his journeys, her infant 



26 MARY LIVINGSTONE. 



daughter went with her in charge of a native nurse whom 
Moffat had rescued from a cruel death. He had found a 
party of Bushmen digging a grave for a woman who had left 
two children. Two helpless babes were about to be buried 
with their mother, when Moffat appeared on the scene and 
offered to take the boy and girl. They were thus brought 
to the mission-house, and for some years formed part of his 
household. 

In 1830 Mary Moffat and her younger sister, Ann, were 
taken by their mother to the Wesleyan school at Salem, 
near Grahamstown Mrs. Moffat says she left them there 
"with considerable satisfaction; the strict attention paid to 
the religious instruction of the children compensates for the 
want of some advantages ; the cheapness of the school and 
its comparative contiguity to our own part of the country are 
also inducements to have them there, as keeping them at 
home is beyond all doubt highly improper." Mr. Moffat 
was at this time in Cape Town looking after the printing of 
his Bechwana New Testament, so that they proposed to 
call and see the girls on their way back to Kuruman. After 
that it was probable that the father would not meet his 
daughters for many years. Mrs. Moffat adds, " It is likely, 
however, that I may come in the course of two or three 
years, as we have not friends to fulfil the duties of a mother 
to them." The children remained at Salem till the begin 
ning of 1856, when Mrs. Moffat took them to the Cape. 
Mary had a severe illness, but happily recovered in time to 
go on with the vessel to Grahamstown. 

At the end of 1838 Mr. Moffat and his family returned to 
England. During this visit Livingstone, who had been 
longing to undertake medical missionary work in China, 



MARY LIVINGSTONE. 27 



was enlisted in the service of the Dark Continent. The 
opium war made it necessary for him to abandon his own 
plans. He asked the returned missionary whether he 
thought that he would do for Africa. Moffat says he replied, 
" I believed he would, if he would not go to an old station, 
but would advance to unoccupied ground, specifying the 
vast plain to the north, where I had sometimes seen in the 
morning sun the smoke of a thousand villages, where no 
missionary had ever been." At last Livingstone made his 
decision. "What is the use of my waiting for the end of 
this abominable opium war? I will go at once to Africa. 
Mrs. Moffat, who had a lively recollection of all that her 
own husband had suffered during his bachelor days in 
Namaqualand, used all her powers to urge Livingstone to 
marry. She quite agreed with her husband s verdict : " A 
missionary without a wife in South Africa was like a boat 
with only one oar. A good missionary s wife can be as 
useful as her husband in the Lord s vineyard." But Living 
stone was not to be persuaded. Mrs. Moffat wrote to their 
old colleague, Robert Hamilton, "I have done what I 
could to persuade Livingstone to marry, but he seems to 
decline it." She did not dream that he was soon to become 
her own son-in-law. 

Livingstone sailed for the Cape on December 8, 1840. 
He stayed for three months at Kuruman studying the 
language ; then he began to visit the adjacent stations. 
In December, 1843, when the Moffats returned from 
England, Livingstone rode out a hundred and fifty miles from 
Kuruman to welcome them. Mary Moffat now took charge 
of the infant school. Livingstone had written to a friend at 
home, "There s no outlet for me when I begin to think of 



28 MARY LIVINGSTONE. 

getting married but that of sending home an advertisement 
to the Evangelical Magazine, and if I get very old, it must 
be for some decent sort of widow. In the meantime I am 
too busy to think of anything of the kind." Miss Moffat s 
return soon brightened his outlook. He came to Kuruman 
to rest after his terrible adventure with the lion, and fell in 
love with her. It was not long before they were happily 
engaged. When he went to his station at Mabotsa, two 
hundred miles to the north-east, he wrote about their future 
home and the marriage licence they had to procure from 
Colesberg. If Mr. Moffat did not get it, he said, they 
would license themselves. There is a fine ring about the 
letter. "And now, my dearest, farewell. May God bless 
you ! Let your affection be towards Him much more than 
towards me; and, kept by His mighty power and grace, I 
hope I shall never give you cause to regret that you have 
given me a part. Whatever friendship we feel towards each 
other, let us always look to Jesus as our common Friend 
and Guide, and may He shield you with His everlasting 
arms from every evil ! They walked by that rule as long 
as they lived. 

A month later, September 12, 1844, Livingstone reports 
that the walls of their new home at Mabotsa are nearly 
finished. It was fifty-two feet by twenty, and would be 
almost roofed in before Miss Moffat received his letter. " It 
is pretty hard work," he says, " and almost enough to drive 
love out of my head ; but it is not situated there ; it is in 
my heart, and won t come out unless you behave so as to 
quench it ! " He playfully refers to a lecture which he 
expected from Mrs. Moffat as to the largeness of the house. 
" If there are too many windows she can just let me know. 



MARY LIVINGSTONE. 29 



I could build them all up in two days, and let the light 
come down the chimney, if that would please. I ll do any 
thing for peace, except fighting for it." 

They were married in 1845. " No family on the face of 
the globe," as Dr. Blaikie says, " could have been so helpful 
to Livingstone in the great work to which he gave himself. 
If the old Roman fashion of surnames still prevailed, there 
is no household of which all the members would have been 
better entitled to put AFRICANUS after their name. The 
interests of the great continent were dear to them all." 
Mabotsa Mrs. Livingstone found congenial work in her 
infant school whilst her husband was busy with all manner 
of agencies educational, pastoral, and medical for the 
good^of the Bechuanas. The people were a prey to gross 
superstition, so that he planned a course of popular science 
lectures which might teach them something about nature 
and deliver them from the influence of the medicine 
makers. A training school for native teachers was also 
occupying much of his thought, but that scheme 
through for the present. How much he appreciated 1 
comforts of his home is shown in a letter to his mother 
May 14, 1845 : "I often think of you, and perhaps more 
frequently since I got married than before. Only yesterday 
I said to my wife, when I thought of the clean bed I enjoy 
now You put me in mind of my mother; she was always 
particular about our beds and linen. I had 
times of it before." 

The work was discouraging. The people had not 
smallest love to the gospel. " It appears to them as that 
which if not carefully guarded against, will seduce ; 
destroy their much-loved institutions." 



3 MARY LIVINGSTONE. 

stones knew how the Kuruman Mission, which so sorely 
tried the faith of Mr. and Mrs. Moffat for years, had 
afterwards borne a glorious harvest. They toiled patiently 
on in faith. Some unpleasantness now arose with their 
colleague, which made Livingstone resolve to push on to 
a new station. He had only ^100 salary, so that it was 
a great trial and strain on his scanty means to leave 
Mabotsa and build a new home. 

Livingstone sorely regretted his garden. " I like a 
garden, but Paradise will make amends for all our privations 
and sorrows here" His new station was at Chonuane, 
forty miles distant, where the Bak wains were settled under 
their chief Sechele. Miss Moffat went to stay with her 
sister at Mabotsa while Livingstone was preparing the new 
home. When the time for parting came the people were 
most unwilling to let the Livingstones go. They offered 
to build a new house for them in some other place if only 
they would stay. It was hard indeed to tear themselves 
away. A time of considerable privation followed. They 
bore up bravely, using a wretched infusion of native corn 
as a substitute for coffee, but when that failed they were 
driven to Kuruman. Livingstone wrote : " I can bear 
what other Europeans would consider hunger and thirst 
without any inconvenience, but when we arrived, to hear 
the old women who had seen my wife depart about two 
years before, exclaiming before the door, Bless me ! how 
lean she is ! Has he starved her ? Is there no food in 
the country to which she has been? was more than I 
could well bear." 

The want of water was fatal to the mission station, and 
in 1847 Livingstone had to move forty miles further to 



MARY LIVINGSTONE. 31 



Kolobeng. Sechele and his tribe moved with him. The 
missionary had now to content himself with a hut on a 
little rocky eminence overhanging the river. It was twelve 
months before he could provide a permanent home. The 
natives were busy building huts, preparing gardens, and 
making a dam and watercourse to irrigate them. Sechele 
himself undertook to erect the school. " I desire to build 
a house for God, the defender of my town, and that you 
be at no expense for it whatever." The meetings were 
much more encouraging than at Mabotsa, but it was a 
heavy strain to carry them on amid all the manual work 
required at the new station. The Livingstones rose with 
the sun in summer, had family prayer, breakfast, and 
school. Then he began his sowing, ploughing, or smith s 
work. " My better-half is employed all the morning in 
culinary or other work, and feeling pretty well tired by 
dinner-time, we take about two hours rest then ; but more 
frequently, without the respite I try to secure for myself, 
she goes off to hold infant-school, and this, I am happy to 
say, is very popular with the youngsters." She sometimes 
had eighty or a hundred present. Her husband says : " It 
was a fine sight to see her day by clay walking a quarter 
of a mile to the town, no matter how broiling hot the sun, 
to impart instruction to the heathen Bakwains." Her name 
was known all through that country and 1,800 miles beyond. 
Livingstone continued his manual labours till five. Then 
he went into the town to give lessons and talk to any who 
wished to speak to him. After the cows were milked they 
had a meeting, followed by a prayer-meeting in Sechele s 
house. The missionary got home utterly worn out about 
half-past eight. As things became more settled the school 



32 MAR Y LIVINGSTONE 



took a more prominent place. It lasted till eleven o clock 
in the morning, men, women, and children being invited. 
Public service was held on three evenings of the week ; 
another night was set apart for secular instruction, aided 
by pictures and specimens. 

On July 3, 1848, the Livingstones got into their new 
home. "What a mercy," the missionary writes, "to be 
in a house again ! A year in a little hut, through which 
the wind blew our candles into glorious icicles (as the 
poet would say) by night, and in which crowds of flies 
continually settled on the eyes of our poor little brats by 
day, makes us value our present castle." The little boy 
and girl were growing fast, so that he soon expected that he 
would have to give them " a jog along the way to learning." 
Mrs. Livingstone s hands were full. There were no shops, 
so that everything had to be prepared from the raw material. 
Bread was baked in an oven made by scooping a large 
hole in an ant-hill, and using a slab of stone for the door. 
They made their own butter, candles, and soap. " There 
was not much hardship," is Livingstone s characteristic 
comment, " being dependent on our own ingenuity, and 
married life is all the sweeter when so many comforts 
emanate directly from the thrifty housewife s hands." 
Looking back on these days in 1870, he said he did not 
feel a pang of regret, save that he spent all his energy in 
teaching the heathen, and did not feel it his duty to devote 
a special portion of his time to play with his children. 
" But generally I was so much exhausted with the mental 
and manual labour of the day that in the evening there 
was no fun left in me. I did not play with my little 
ones while I had them, and they soon sprang up in my 



MARY LIVINGSTONE. 



absences, and left me conscious that I had none to play 
with." 

On June i, 1849, Livingstone made his first journey 
into the interior with two English travellers, Air. Murray 
and Mr. Oswell. Two months later they discovered Lake 
Ngami. The Royal Geographical Society voted him 
twenty-five guineas for this discovery. The following April 
he again turned northwards with Mrs. Livingstone and 
their three children. Years afterwards he told his daughter 
that her mother " was famous for roughing it in the bush, 
and was never a trouble." A high tribute, indeed, from 
such an explorer ! When they reached the lake, the little 
ones, who had come from a dry land, " took to playing in it 
as ducklings. Paddling in it was great fun." The natives 
soon learned to trust the man who was not afraid to venture 
among them with his wife and children. On their return 
to Kolobeng a fourth child was born, but it only lived a few 
weeks. Mrs. Livingstone had a serious illness, accom 
panied with paralysis of the right side of the face, so that 
it was necessary to send her to Kuruman for rest. Pier 
husband stayed awhile to nurse her. In April, 1851, the 
family once more turned towards the interior. There was 
great scarcity of water. After one bitterly anxious night, 
morning came. "The less there was of water, the more 
thirsty the little rogues became. The idea of their perishing 
before our eyes was terrible ; it would almost have been a 
relief to me to be reproached with being the entire cause 
of the catastrophe, but not one syllable of upbraiding was 
uttered by their mother, though the tearful eye told the 
agony within." To their inexpressible relief the men came 
in with supplies on the afternoon of the fifth day. Such 



34 MARY LIVINGSTONE. 



experiences, and the torture caused by mosquitoes which 
did not leave an inch of whole skin on the bodies of his 
children made Livingstone resolve to send his family back 
to England. To orphanisc them thus he felt to be like 
tearing out his own bowels. Mrs. Moffat had protested 
against her daughter going north, but he felt that he ought 
to seek a new station in Sebituane s country, and he went 
on his way. Now, however, he saw that he would do better 
alone. The wife and children sailed from Cape Town on 
April 23, 1852. Soon afterwards Livingstone s house at 
Kolobeng was wrecked by the Boers. Had he been there 
they would have murdered him without compunction, because 
of his friendship to the natives. They gutted the house, 
brought four waggons down and took away sofa, bed, and 
crockery, smashed the wooden chairs, tore out the leaves 
of all the books and scattered them in front of the house, 
smashed bottles and windows, carrying off everything worth 
taking. They burned the corn of the tribes and killed 
many of the natives. 

Mrs. Livingstone had brought many things to the home, 
on her marriage, which were of considerable value, but all 
were carried off. She rejoiced that a greater sorrow had 
not befallen her. Only a kind Providence saved her 
husband from falling into the very arms of his ruthless 
enemies. The letter he wrote a fortnight after she sailed 
for England says, " My heart yearns incessantly over you. 
How many thoughts of the past crowd into my mind ! I 
feel as if I would treat you all much more tenderly and 
lovingly than ever. You have been a great blessing to 
me. You attended to my comfort in many, many ways. 
May God bless you for all your kindnesses ! I see no face 



MARY LIVINGSTONE. 35 



now to be compared with that sunburnt one, which has 
so often greeted me with its kind looks." 

Livingstone did not reach England till December, 1856 
after a wonderful journey across Africa from sea to sea, 
which established his fame as the first of living explorers. 
The years had been full of terrible anxiety for his wife, but 
she was well repaid when, at last, he was safe at home, 
crowned with honours. In the touching poetic welcome 
she wrote for him, we seem to see how the sword had 
pierced her heart 

" O, long as we were parted, ever since you went away, 
I never passed a dreamless night, or knew an easy day." 

She knew that her husband was thinking about a mission 
in the region that he had just traversed, and was quite 
of his mind when he wrote to the directors of the London 
Missionary Society, " I can speak for my wife and myself 
only. WE WILL GO, WHOEVER REMAINS BEHIND," Lord 
Shaftesbury paid merited tribute to the noble wife. " That 
lady was bom with one distinguished name, which she had 
changed for another. She was born a Moffat, and she 
became a Livingstone. She cheered the early part of our 
friend s career by her spirit, her counsel, and her society. 
Afterwards, when she reached this country, she passed 
many years with her children in solitude and anxiety, 
suffering the greatest fears for the welfare of her husband, 
and yet enduring all with patience and resignation, and 
even joy, because she had surrendered her best feelings, 
and sacrificed her own private interests, to the advancement 
of civilisation and the great interests of Christianity." It 
would be hard to put Mary Livingstone s claims to enduring 
honour more gracefully and truthfully. 



3 6 MARY LIVINGSTONE. 

Husband and wife were deeply attached, and thoroughly 
understood each other. Both were reserved and quiet 
in society, and did not care for grandeur. Livingstone 
dearly loved a joke, and his wife entered heartily into his 
humour. They sailed together for Africa on March 10, 
1858, taking with them their youngest son, Oswell. Mrs. 
Livingstone stayed at Kuruman, whilst he was busy with 
explorations of the Shire and the country round the 
Zambesi. Then she returned to Scotland to be near her 
children. It was a time of sore trial. Her desire to be 
with Livingstone was intense. " Her letters to her husband 
tell of much spiritual darkness ; his replies were the 
very soul of tenderness and Christian earnestness." On 
February i, 1862, she reached the Zambesi. The long 
detention on the coast in the fever season proved fatal. 
On April 2 1 she became ill : six days later she was gone. 
It was a dreadful blow to her husband. He wrote in his 
Journal : " I loved her when I married her, and the longer 
I lived with her I loved her the more. A good wife, 
and a good, brave, kind-hearted mother was she. God 
pity the poor children, who were all tenderly attached to 
her ; and I am left alone in the world by one whom I felt 
to be a part of myself." A little prayer was found among 
her papers: "Accept me, Lord, as I am, and make me 
such as Thou wouldst have me to be." 

They laid Mary Livingstone to rest near the great baobab 
tree at Shupanga. Professor Drummond says* that he 
found the place where she lies buried an utter wilderness, 
matted with jungle grass, and trodden by the beasts of the 

* " Tropical Africa," p. 16. 



MARY LIVINGSTONE. 37 

forest, but, as he looked at the forsaken mound and 
contrasted it with her husband s tomb in Westminster 
Abbey, he thought that perhaps the woman s love, which 
had brought her to a spot like this, might be not less worthy 
of immortality. 

"A right straightforward woman, no crooked way was 
ever hers ; and she could act with decision and energy 
when required." Such was her husband s testimony. 
Livingstone was spared to labour for eleven years longer 
as the apostle of Christianity and civilisation in the Dark 
Continent. The end came at midnight, in a rude hut at 
Ilala, whence he passed to join his much-loved wife, who 
had sung seventeen years before 

"You ll never part me, darling, there s a promise in your eye; 
I may tend 3-011 while I m living, you will watch me when I die ; 
And if death but kindly lead me to the blessed home on high, 
What a hundred thousand welcomes will await you in the sky ! 



ANN HASSELTINE JUDSON. 




ANN HASSELTINE JUDSON. 



ANN HASSELTINE JUDSON. 

ANN HASSELTINK was horn at Bradford, Massa- 
chusetts, on December 22, 1789. As a child her 
restless activity once made her mother, all unweening of 
the wanderings in heathen lands that were to come, say, " I 
hope, my daughter, you will one day be satisfied with 
rambling." 

The merry girl, devoted to her friends, was more eager 
to learn even than she was to enjoy herself. A book could 
allure her from her favourite walks and from the gayest 
social circle. Her mother was ignorant of experimental 
religion, but she taught her daughter to be truthful, honest, 
and obedient, and the little maid fancied that, by keeping 
this code, saying her prayers every morning and evening, 
and abstaining from play on Sunday, she should escape 
" that dreadful hell, the thought of which sometimes filled 
me with alarm and terror." When twelve or thirteen, 
she went to the Bradford Academy, where she had 
many temptations. Her conscience reproved her for 
engaging in balls and gay parties, but she says, " I put a 
stop to its remonstrances by thinking that, as I was old 
enough to attend balls, I was surely too old to say 
prayers." 



4 2 ANN HASSELTINE JUDSON. 

One Sunday morning she took up Hannah More s 
"Strictures on Female Education." The first words that 
caught her eye, " She that liveth in pleasure is dead while 
she liveth," made a profound impression. This was 
deepened by the " Pilgrim s Progress," but love of gaiety 
made the lively girl for a time throw off all serious resolu 
tions. In the spring of 1806 religious conferences were 
held in Bradford, and Miss Hasseltine was brought to 
Christ. She joined the Congregational Church, and became 
an earnest student of the Bible and of books that threw 
light upon it, as well as an active worker among the poor. 
A year later we find her taking charge, for a few months, 
of a little school, which, to the surprise of her pupils, she 
opened with prayer. She thus made a humble start as a 
teacher, and was for several years busy in this useful 
preparatory work at Salem, Haverhill, and Newbury. 

Dr. Judson was at this time a student at Andover. He 
had been born at Maiden, in Massachusetts, where his 
father was the Independent minister, on August 9, 1788. 
A fellow-student at Providence University led him into 
scepticism, but he was brought back to the old paths, and 
entered the Theological Seminary at Andover. Dr. 
Buchanan s "Star in the East" made him resolve to be 
a missionary. 

In June, 1810, we find him joining with three other 
students in an address to the General Association of the 
Congregational Church, which met in Bradford. The 
address begs the guidance of the fathers of their Church. 
Should they relinquish their missionary longings, or might 
they expect help from a missionary society in America 
or in Europe? In response to this appeal, a Board of 



ANN HASSELTINE JUDSON. 43 



Commissioners for Foreign Missions was formed, but as it 
seemed doubtful whether the American Churches would 
move quickly enough, Mr. Judson asked leave to visit 
England, in order to consult the London Missionary 
Society, and see whether it would help in the proposed 
mission. At this Association Judson first met Miss 
Hasseltine. He soon made her an offer of marriage, 
which compelled the young lady to face the question of 
leaving home and kindred for the East. Her friends, with 
few exceptions, strongly disapproved of her purpose, but 
the girl of twenty resolved to go. She thus broke the ice 
for her sisters. " No female had ever left America as a 
missionary to the heathen." One lady expressed the 
general feeling. " I hear," she said, " that Miss Hasseltine 
is going to India. Why does she go ? " 

" Why, she thinks it her duty/ was the answer. " Would 
not you go if you thought it your duty ? " 

" But I would not think it my duty," was the significant 
rejoinder. 

Miss Hasseltine had a severe struggle as she faced the 
dangers, trials, and hardships of a missionary s life, but 
when she had reached her decision she never wavered. 
Mr. Judson now returned from England. He reported to the 
Board that the London Missionary Society would accept 
himself and the other candidates if they worked under their 
sole authority, but did not see their way to enter into 
joint action with the American Board. Rather than give 
up their young men, the friends in the United States 
determined to raise funds for a new mission of their own. 
All arrangements were hastened, and Mr. and Mrs. Judsc 
were married at Bradford on February 5, 1812. A fortnight 



44 ANN HASSELTINE JUDSON. 



later they embarked on the brig Caravan for Calcutta. On 
the voyage Mrs. Judson read through two volumes of 
" Scott s Commentary," with Paley, Trumbull, and Dick on 
Inspiration, Faber and Smith on the Prophecies. She 
was thus diligently preparing herself for her lifework. On 
June 18 they were welcomed to India by the venerable 
Carey, who invited them to be his guests at the mission- 
house in Serampore. 

Ten days later Mr. Judson and his colleague were ordered 
to return to America by the East India Company. They 
had intended to labour in Burma, but all the Indian 
missionaries assured them that the despotic government of 
Burma made it impossible to enter that field. Whilst the 
Judsons were waiting in Calcutta for a vessel to take them 
to the Mauritius, they became Baptists. Mrs. Judson had 
told her husband that if he changed his views on infant 
baptism she would not, yet she also became a convert to 
the views of Carey and his colleagues. This change upset 
all Mr. Judson s plans. At one time he contemplated 
starting a mission in South America, and began to study 
Portuguese. Japan, Persia, Madagascar, were all thought 
of, but before any plans could be matured the Judsons 
were compelled by the East India Company to leave 
Bengal. They spent a few months in the Mauritius, whence 
they sailed in May, 1813, for Madras, having resolved to 
begin a mission at Penang among the Malays. 

This door also was closed. The Judsons now determined 
to venture to Rangoon. There was not a moment to lose, for 
the officers of the Company might order them at once to 
sail for England. They reached Rangoon safely in July. 
Mr. Felix Carey, eldest son of Dr. Carey, had been at work 



ANN HASSELTINE JUDSON. 45 



there for some time, but had gone to Ava at the command 
of the Burmese king. The Judsons joined Mrs. Carey in 
the teak wood mission-house, which had beautiful gardens, 
two acres in extent, around it. They hired a teacher, but 
as he did not understand English, they had to point to any 
thing of which they wished to know the name. A French 
lady took Mrs. Judson to see the wife of the Viceroy, who 
himself came into the room where they were waiting richly 
dressed and smoking a long silver pipe. It seemed wise to 
make friends with the Viceroy s wife in case any trouble 
should arise in the future. A year later the Careys took 
ship for Ava. The brig upset in the river, and Mrs. Carey 
was drowned with her two children and several of her 
servants. This distressing event left the Judsons without 
any Christian friends in Burma. 

They were now busily at work. When Mrs. Judson had 
finished her household duties she sat down at ten with her 
Burmese master. Meanwhile, her husband was studying 
with his learned teacher in the verandah. She writes : " I 
have many more interruptions than Mr. J udson, as I have 
the entire management of the family. This I took upon 
myself for the sake of Mr. J udson s attending more closely 
to the study of the language ; yet I have found by a year s 
experience, that it was the most direct way I could have 
taken to acquire the language, as I am frequently obliged 
to speak Burman all day. I can talk and understand others 
better than Mr. Judson, though he knows more about the 
nature and construction of the language." A new Viceroy 
now came to Rangoon who proved a hearty friend to the 
missionary and his wife. The Judsons often spoke to the 
people about Christianity, but met with the answer, " Our 



46 ANN HASSELTINE JUDSON. 

religion is good for us, yours for you." With the exception 
of two or three sea captains who called on them now and 
then, they never saw a European face. In January, 1814, 
Mrs. Judson s failing health made it necessary for her to go 
to Madras. The friendly Viceroy allowed her to take a 
Burmese attendant, which was a notable kindness, seeing 
that the law forbade any native woman to leave the country. 
She quickly recovered, and returned to her lonely husband 
in April. On September n, a little son was born at the 
mission-house. Mr. Judson had to be his wife s sole 
physician and attendant, Her health was now quite re 
stored. They were making rapid progress in the language, 
to which Mr. Judson gave twelve hours close study every 
day, but no convert had been won. 

Their baby died in May, 1815, leaving a terrible gap in 
the home. The same month Mr. Judson s health broke 
down under the strain of hard study. He was compelled 
to rest his eyes, but though he could not read he managed 
to prepare a Burmese grammar for the benefit of future 
missionaries. His health was gradually restored. In 
October, 1816, Mr. and Mrs. Hough came to join them in 
their work. Mr. Judson s tract, giving a view of the Chris 
tian religion in Burmese, was now printed, with a catechism 
and a Gospel of St. Matthew. In April, 1817, Mr. Judson 
had his first real enquirer. He had read these little books 
and eagerly asked, "How long a time will it take me to 
learn the religion of Jesus ? " 

The following December Mr. Judson s health made a 
change necessary. He went to Chittagong in order to -et 
one of the native Christians there who could speak Burmese 
and assist him in his public teaching. He had been away 



ANN HASSELTINE JUDSON. 47 

from Rangoon three months when Mr. Hough was sum 
moned to the court house, and told that a royal mandate 
had been received ordering all foreign teachers to leave the 
country. The friendly Viceroy and his family had returned 
to Ava, and his successor was only slightly acquainted with 
the missionaries. It proved that some Portuguese teachers 
had been ordered to leave, and this had been made a 
pretext for extorting money by some underlings. Mrs. 
Judson presented a petition to the Viceroy, who gave 
orders that Mr. Hough should not be molested. 

In April, 1819, Mr. Judson opened a zayat, or preaching 
place, adjoining the mission premises. This building stood 
near Pagoda Road, a much-frequented highway leading to 
one of the great pagodas. It measured twenty-seven feet 
by eighteen, and was raised four feet from the ground. 
Mr. Judson sat in the front part of the zayat, w y hich was 
entirely open to the road, and spoke to the passers-by. 
The middle of the building formed an airy room, with 
four doors and windows. Here service was held. Fifteen 
people, besides children, joined in the first public service 
in Burma. Mrs. Judson used to spend the day at the 
zayat conversing with the women whilst her husband spoke 
to the men. She had learned Siamese, and translated Mr. 
Judson s Burman publications into that language. She 
tells her sister in April, 1819, that she had nearly completed 
a translation of a celebrated Siamese book into English. 
It was " an account of the incarnation of one of their 
deities, when he existed in the form of a great elephant." 

Whilst thus employed the Judsons received their first 
convert, a man of thirty-five, who seemed humble and 
teachable. He was baptized on June 27, and became a 



4 8 ANN HASSELTINE JUDSON. 



valuable assistant to the missionary. Mr. Judson, and his 
colleague Mr. Colman, now found it necessary to visit the 
capital in order to secure the approval of the new king for 
their work. They took a Bible in six volumes, covered 
with gold leaf, and enclosed in rich wrappers, as a present 
for his Majesty. On January 25, 1820, they reached 
Amarapora. The former Viceroy of Rangoon showed them 
much kindness, and helped them to secure an audience 
with the prince. But though this was granted, they 
could not gain the king s approval of their mission. They 
therefore returned to Rangoon, and told their bad news 
to the three converts who had been gathered in. It 
seemed as though the missionaries might have to leave 
Burma, but the converts begged them not to forsake the 
station at present. Their colleagues, Mr. and Mrs. Colman 
now went to start a new mission at Chittagong. 

In July Mrs. Judson s health broke down, and her 
husband took her to Bengal. They returned to Rangoon 
at the beginning of 1821, but there was no real improvement 
in Mrs. Judson s health, and on August 21 she started 
for America. It was a sore wrench to leave her husband 
and the little company of Christian converts. " Those 
only," she says, " who have been through a variety of 
toil and privation to obtain a darling object, can realise 
how entirely every fibre of the heart adheres to that object, 
when secured. Had we encountered no privations in our 
attempts to form a Church of Christ, under the government 
of a heathen despot, we should have been warmly attached 
to the individuals composing it, but should not have felt 
that tender solicitude and anxious affection as in the 
present case. Rangoon, from having been the theatre 



ANN HASSELTINE JUDSON. 49 



in which so much of the faithfulness, power, and mercy 
of God had been exhibited from having been considered 
for ten years past my home for life and from a thousand 
interesting associations of ideas, had become the dearest 
spot on earth. Hence you will readily imagine that no 
ordinary consideration could have induced my departure." 

The liver complaint from which she suffered had gained 
such ground that nothing but a sea voyage and the benefit 
of a colder climate could save her life. She had to come 
to England, as there was no way of getting direct to 
America. If the pain in her side was gone when she 
reached this country she intended to return at once to 
Rangoon. In London she found a home with Mr. Butter- 
worth, M.P., the noted Methodist layman of the day, who 
said that her coming reminded him of the verse : " Be not 
forgetful to entertain strangers, for thereby some have 
entertained angels unawares." After a visit to Cheltenham 
and to Scotland she sailed for America, where she arrived 
safely in September, 1822. On the passage she began 
her well-know r n history of the Burmese mission, in a series 
of letters addressed to Mr. Butterworth, who had put 100 
out to interest for her Burmese School. Much more had 
also been collected in England. Mrs. Judson wanted the 
Baptists of the United States to feel that Burma must be 
converted through their instrumentality. "They must do 
more than they have ever yet done. They must pray 
more, they must give more, and make greater efforts to 
prevent the missionary flame from becoming extinct. 
Every Christian in the United States should feel as deeply 
impressed with the importance of making continual efforts 
for the salvation of the heathen, as though their conversion 

4 



5 o ANN HASSELTINE JUDSON. 



depended solely on himself. Every individual Christian 
should feel himself guilty if he has not done, and does 
not continue to do, all in his power for the spread of 
the gospel and enlightening of the heathen world." 

In February, 1823, she was able to report that her liver 
complaint seemed entirely removed. She had received her 
husband s journal, which reported that five more converts 
had been baptized. There were now eighteen members 
in all. Three of the women who used to attend Mrs. 
Judson s Wednesday meeting had lately been received into 
the Church, and had set up a female prayer meeting. 

While Mrs. Judson was in America her husband had 
another interview with the king at Ava. His majesty 
asked many questions about Christianity, and made Mr. 
Judson preach before him. The missionary procured a 
site for a new station, so that he and his colleague, 
Dr. Price, might begin work in the capital. The king 
expressed his pleasure when he heard that they thus 
intended to become permanent residents in Ava. Mr. 
Judson had now finished his Burmese New Testament, 
and had prefixed to it an epitome of Old Testament history 
and prophecy. On December 5, 1823, Mrs Judson 
arrived safely in Rangoon. The boat which was to take 
them up to Ava was in readiness, and seven days later 
they were on their way to the capital. There they found 
themselves without a home. Dr. Price urged them to 
share his house, but it was unfinished and so damp that 
two or three hours there threw Mrs. Judson into a fever. 
They had to take up their quarters in their boat till a 
small house could be built on the site given them by the 
king. In a fortnight their home, consisting of three small 



ANN HASSELTINE JUDSON. 51 



rooms and a verandah, was ready. It was built of boards, 
so that the sun made it as hot as an oven. Mrs. Judson 
now began her female school with great promise of success. 
Mr. Judson preached every Sunday. Material was pro 
cured for building a brick house, and considerable progress 
made with its erection. 

On May 23, 1824, the Judsons heard that the English 
had taken Rangoon. The foreign residents were in great 
fear, but the king s brother told one of them that the prince 
had said that they had nothing to do with the war and 
should not be molested. Ava was now full of preparation 
for war. The Burmans were confident in their prowess. 
The w r ar boats, full of soldiers, singing and dancing for 
glee, passed the mission house every day. As soon as 
the army had left the Government began to deal with 
the foreigners who might, they feared, be spies.. Three 
Englishmen were arrested, the two American missionaries 
were examined, but allowed to return home. When it was 
found, however, that they had received money from the 
Englishmen who acted as their bankers the suspicious 
Burmans jumped to the conclusion that they were probably 
spies receiving English pay. On June 8, just as the 
Judsons were preparing for dinner, an officer rushed in 
bearing a black book, and asked for the teacher. A dozen 
Burmans accompanied him, one of whom the Judsons 
knew from his spotted face to be an executioner. This 
man threw Mr. Judson down, and bound him tightly with 
small cord. Mrs. Judson offered him money to loosen 
the cord, but he spurned her offers. The missionary was 
carried to the court-house and thence to the death prison. 
Mrs. Judson spent some awful hours. A magistrate came 



52 ANN HASSELTINE JUDSON. 

to examine everything. She destroyed her letters and 
journals lest they should show that the Judsons had cor 
respondents in England, and had made notes of everything 
that had happened since they came into the country. 
After a minute examination the magistrate set ten ruffians 
as a guard over the house. She says, " My unexpected, 
desolate state, my entire uncertainty of the fate of Mr. 
Judson, and the dreadful carousings and almost diabolical 
language of the guard, all conspired to make it by far 
the most distressing night I had ever passed." Next 
morning she learned that her husband and all the " white 
foreigners" were confined in the death prison with three 
pairs of iron fetters each. They were fastened to a long 
pole to prevent their moving. The third day Mrs. Judson 
secured an interview with the Governor of the town. His 
head officer promised to relieve the sufferings of the 
prisoners if a heavy bribe were given him. Mrs. Judson 
soon found herself at the door of the prison, to which 
her husband was allowed to crawl. The prisoners were 
now brought out of the dungeon into an open shed in 
the prison enclosure. Here Mrs. Judson was allowed to 
supply them with food and mats. Meanwhile the mission- 
house was searched, and some of the Judsons property 
confiscated. The king ordered that books and other 
things should remain, and that their property should be 
restored if it was found that Mr. Judson was not really 
a spy. All kinds of petty officers sought to enrich them 
selves by the missionary s trouble. Her husband s im 
prisonment was a terrible time of trial for Mrs. Judson. 
Hardly a day passed that she did not make some appli 
cation to members of the Government or of the Royal 



ANN HASSELTINE JUDSON. 53 



family to gain some relief for the prisoners. The extortion 
and oppression which the missionary and his friends 
suffered were indescribable. Sometimes they were ordered 
not to speak to each other ; then servants were forbidden 
to carry in food without an extra fee ; for days together 
Mrs. Judson could not go into the prison till after dark. 
Sometimes she got home at nine o clock, solitary and worn 
out with fatigue and anxiety. After great exertion she 
secured some mitigation of her husband s lot, and was 
allowed at times to spend two or three hours with him in 
a little bamboo house in the prison enclosure. 

During this time a little daughter was born, and called 
Maria Eliza Butterworth, after their friend in London. 
When the baby was two months old, Mr. Judson sent word 
that he and his fellow-prisoners had been again thrust into 
the inner dungeon with five pairs of fetters on each of 
them. His little room had been pulled down, his mat, 
pillow, and other possessions seized by the gaolers. The 
friendly Governor could give Mrs. Judson no help, and 
she was not allowed to enter the prison. The Governor 
told her that he had three times been instructed by the 
queen s brother to assassinate all the white prisoners 
privately, but had not done it. It was now the beginning 
of the hot season, and more than a hundred prisoners were 
shut up in one room without a breath of air save from 
the cracks in the boards. Mr. Judson was soon prostrated 
by fever. After incessant application his wife secured his 
transfer to a little bamboo hovel, where she was allowed 
free access. The prisoners were now removed to Oungpenla, 
eight miles away, whither Mrs. Judson followed them. 
She spent six wretched months in a small room belonging 



54 ANN HASSELTINE JUDSON. 

to one of the gaolers, which was half full of grain. Her 
husband was still suffering from fever, and her little girl 
caught the small-pox. Mrs. Judson s own health gave way, 
and she became so weak that she could hardly walk to the 
prison. Had it not been for the affectionate care of their 
Bengalee cook both husband and wife must have suc 
cumbed. Their child, for whom they could not find a 
nurse or a drop of milk, was even a greater sufferer than 
her parents. The mother was heart-broken. " By making 
presents to the gaolers, I obtained leave for Mr. Judson 
to come out of prison and take the emaciated creature 
around the village to beg a little nourishment from those 
mothers who had young children. Her cries in the night 
were heart-rending, when it was impossible to supply her 
wants." 

At last Mr. Judson was released from prison to act as 
translator and interpreter in the Burmese camp. His wife 
returned to Ava, where she was struck down with spotted 
fever. Dr. Price, who was just then released from prison, 
found her situation the most distressing he had ever 
witnessed. He did not think that she could survive many 
hours. It was more than a month before she could stand. 
After six weeks at the camp at Maloun Mr. Judson was 
sent to Ava. When his wife recovered they went down 
the river to the British camp, where they received a warm 
welcome. 

The Judsons now arranged to settle at Amherst in 
Lower Burma, which had been ceded to the English. 
Whilst Mr, Judson went to Ava in the suite of the British 
envoy his wife superintended the building of a house, 
and reported that she began to feel at home. During his 



ANN HASSELTINE JUDSON. 55 

absence she was again prostrated by fever. Her health 
had been utterly broken by the strain of the past two 
years, and she never rallied from the attack. She died on 
October 24, 1826, in the thirty-seventh year -of her age. 
Little Maria followed her six months later. Thus died 
one of the women whose name sheds a halo around the 
history of American missions. The pathetic story of her 
heroic endurance during her husband s terrible imprison 
ment is one of the most stirring pages in the history of 
modern missions. 



SARAH BOARDMAN JUDSON. 



SARAH BOARDMAN JUDSON. 

THIS noble woman, whose name is so intimately 
associated with the American Baptist Mission in 
Burma, was bom at Alsteacl, in the State of New Hamp 
shire, on November 4, 1803. She was the eldest child 
of Ralph and Abiah Hall, who moved to Danvers and 
then to Salem in Massachusetts. There were thirteen 
boys and girls, and the father s means were scanty, so 
that Sarah knew what it was to work hard and bear many 
a disappointment in her girlhood. Her little manuscript 
journal notes : " 111 ; mother cannot spare me to attend 
school this winter ; but I have begun this evening to pur 
sue my studies at home." Next spring we meet traces 
of continued struggle. " My parents are not in a situa 
tion to send me to school this summer, so I must make 
every exertion in my power to improve at home." Those 
little notes show that the American girl was bent on self- 
improvement. Difficulties only roused her to fresh patience 
and industry. A few years after these juvenile entries she 
wrote to a friend to suggest that they should select some 
difficult passages of the Bible and send them to each other 
for explanation. She thought the plan would strengthen 



60 SARAH BOARDMAN JUDSON. 



their friendship, teach them to express their ideas with 
propriety, and, above all, make them better acquainted 
with the Word of God. 

God was working in the girl s heart. The great national 
festival was near. The maid of twelve writes : " To-morrow 
will be the day which is called thanksgiving, but I have 
some fear that it is only in the name. . . . But this year 
I will try to be truly thankful, and not forget the good 
God who so kindly watches over my youthful days." 
When she was seventeen Miss Hall taught in a school 
for a few months in order to secure some personal training 
in return. She read Butler s "Analogy," Paley s "Evi 
dences," Campbell s " Philosophy of Rhetoric," and studied 
logic and geometry. In the winter she returned home to 
teach her little brothers, and thus gained facilities for learn 
ing Latin. Such mental discipline proved of no small 
service when she had to master difficult languages in 
Burma. 

She joined the Church at the age of sixteen. On 
June 4, 1820, she writes : " I have this day in the presence 
of the world, the holy angels, and the omniscient God, 
publicly manifested my determination to forsake the objects 
of earth, and live, henceforth, for heaven." We now find 
her yearning for usefulness, labouring to win her brothers 
and sisters for Christ, and thinking much about heathenism 
both at home and abroad. One day, at a house where 
she was visiting, a young gentleman left a pack of cards 
on the table. She wrote on the envelope : " Remember 
now thy Creator in the days of thy youth, while the evil days 
come not, nor the years draw nigh, when thou shalt say, 
I have no pleasure in them." She was busy as a tract 



SARAH BOARDMAN JUDSON. 61 



distributer, and established a little prayer meeting, which 
led all who attended it, with one exception, to make public 
profession of their faith in Christ. 

Miss Hall was now thinking about missionary work 
among the American Indians. But her lifework lay in 
the far East. An elegy on the death of Colman, the young 
American missionary, who died at Chittagong, after two 
years of labour, attracted the attention of George Dana 
Boardman, then a student at Waterville College. The 
young people met, and found that their hearts were as one 
in devotion to God s work. Sarah Hall gladly promised 
to share Boardman s labours in Burma. They were married 
on July 4, 1825, and embarked the same month for the 
East Indies. As she leaned out of the stage coach which 
was to convey her and her husband to their vessel, Mrs. 
Boardman asked, " Father, are you willing ? Say, father, 
that you are willing I should go. " " Yes, my child," was 
the answer, "I am willing." "Now I can go joyfully," was 
the response. Her mother had said a month before, " Oh ! 
I cannot part with you," but now she also had become 
more resigned. " Sarah, I hope I am willing." The young 
bride had had to bear a heavy load at home with a large 
family, narrow means, and a mother in feeble health, but 
she had fulfilled all her tasks with rare fidelity ; had found 
time for careful study, and had taken an active share in 
Christian work. Her winning manners and attractive 
appearance made her a general favourite, whilst the more 
spiritual-minded members of the Church " rejoiced in the 
symmetry and early maturity of her piety," and felt that 
there was a bright future for her in Burma. 

Such was the lady who sailed for the East in her twenty- 



62 SARAH BOARDMAN JUDSON. 



second year. Meanwhile the Judsons were passing through 
those terrible scenes in Ava which form the saddest and 
most heroic page in the history of Burmese missions. It 
was necessary for the Boardmans to wait in Calcutta till 
peace was established. They secured a Burman as their 
teacher, and began to study the language. By-and-by 
news came that the Judsons were safe at Rangoon. This 
was followed by intelligence of Mrs. Judson s death. She 
had passed through the horrors of the war only to succumb 
to an attack of fever in October, 1826. Mr. Boardman 
was detained awhile in Calcutta, acting as pastor to the 
Circular Road Church, and waiting till the way opened 
up to Burma. In January, 1827, his wife dwells on the 
series of mercies which she had enjoyed since leaving 
America. "I am blest with excellent health, a most 
affectionate husband, a lovely daughter, and everything in 
my outward circumstances to make me comfortable and 
happy." Not least of her mercies was the near prospect 
of actual missionary toil among the heathen. Her English 
friends, we are told, regarded her "as the most finished 
and faultless specimen of an American woman that they 
had ever known." 

On April 17, 1827, the Boardmans arrived at Amherst. 
There the young wife and her little daughter were laid 
low with illness. When they partially recovered the party 
pushed on to their first station at Moulmain. A small 
bamboo house had been erected for them, and Mrs. Board 
man was carried in a litter to the boat which was to take 
them to the place. A row of native houses had sprung 
up near the river, and the little town was growing every 
day. The mission-house stood about a mile from the 



SARAH BOARDMAN JUDSON. 63 



cantonments in a lonely spot near the jungle, so that 
the roaring of wild beasts could be distinctly heard in the 
night time. Across the Irrawaddy was the province of 
Martaban, whence parties of armed dacoits issued to plun 
der the defenceless villagers. The English general warned 
Mr. Boardman of his double danger from savage beasts 
and savage men, and invited him to reside within the 
cantonments ; but the missionary felt that his work would 
suffer if he withdrew himself from the Burmans, so that 
he quietly committed himself and his family to the care 
of God. PI is wife began to learn the language, and tried 
to talk with the half-wild children around her, longing for 
the day when she would be able to open a school. She writes 
to a friend : " We are in excellent health, and as happy 
as it is possible for human beings to be upon earth. It 
is our earnest desire to live, and labour, and die among 
this people." Four nights later Mrs. Boardman awoke to 
find all the furniture of their bedroom in disorder. Trunks, 
boxes, chests of drawers were rifled of their contents. Two 
long gashes had been cut in the curtain at the side where 
her husband lay, so that he might be smitten in a moment 
if he woke. Happily no one stirred. The house was 
pillaged, but its inmates escaped with their lives. Sir 
Archibald Campbell now furnished them with a nightly 
guard of Sepoys, and as the town grew the danger from 
such marauders was lessened. 

Before the year was out Mrs, Boardman had a little 
Sunday school to teach Burmese girls their catechism and 
prayers. Reading and sewing were taught in the day 
school. The young scholars were busy with the multipli 
cation table, and were making their first attempts in 



64 SARAH BO A K DM AN JUDSON. 

arithmetic. Next January she was able to report that two 
converts had been baptized. A Karen who had been some 
time in the service of Dr. Judson was soon afterwards 
baptized. This was the notorious Ko Thah-Byoo, a terrible 
criminal who had been personally concerned in more than 
thirty murders. A tract given him in Rangoon had taught 
him something of Christianity, and he had entered the 
missionary s service. His temper was sometimes terrible, 
but the new masters were patient. He was gradually led 
into the light. After he had been baptized by Mr. Board- 
man he became a noted evangelist among the Karens. 
Once he brought back forty natives who had been so much 
impressed by his message that they wished to become 
Christians. 

This notable baptism took place at Tavoy, whither 
Mr. Boardman removed in the spring of 1828. The 
missionary repaired an old zayat, a wayside building in 
tended as a rest-house for travellers, where he spent part 
>f each day in teaching the natives. His wife had charge 
f the household and the boys boarding school, yet she 
managed, after "unwearied toil, repeated repulses, and 
discouragements," to establish a girls school. She taught 
a woman to read, and thus secured an assistant-teacher 

wrote to a friend: I am just returned from one of 
lay schools. The sun had not risen when I arrived 
but the little girls were in the house ready for instruction! 
My walk to this school is through a retired road, shaded on 
one side by the old wall of the city, which is overgrown by 
wild creepers and pole flowers, and on the other by large 

t trees. While going and returning, I find it sweet and 

fitable to think on the shortness of time, the vanity 



SARAH BOARDMAN JUDSON. 65 



of this delusive world, and, oh ! I have had some precious 
views of that world where the weary are at rest ; and 
where sin, that enemy of God, and now constant disturber 
of my peace, will no more afflict me." Sometimes she sat 
in the little back verandah whilst her husband was busy 
teaching nine little Burmese boys. In one of the side 
verandahs the native Christians were holding a prayer 
meeting ; in the other a Chinese convert was loudly urging 
his comrades to worship the true God. 

In February, 1829, Mr. Boardman made his first tour 
among the Karens. When he returned he found that some 
of the native converts had again fallen into sin. This was 
a time of great heartsearching for the missionary s wife. 
God seemed to be preparing her for troubles that were 
soon to come. That spring she had a severe illness from 
which she did not rally. Her little boy was very delicate, 
whilst Mr. Boardman s hectic look showed that his strength 
was fading. Their little daughter was the only member of 
the family in perfect health. A short change to the seaside 
sent them home refreshed. The mother told her friends 
how " plump and rosy-cheeked " her little girl was. Two 
weeks later the gentle, loving child, who had won all 
hearts, was dead. This great sorrow brought its blessing. 
Mrs. Boardman had for a long time, even before she left 
America, begun to question whether God s providence 
covers the little details of daily life. She did not doubt 
the over-ruling care of God, but she scarcely saw how to 
reconcile the vastness of his power with the minute 
provision for every smallest need. Her child s death 
taught her that this sorrow had not come in vain, and filled 
her with that simple trust which brightened all her after life. 

5 



66 SARAH BOARDMAN JUDSON. 

The following August a serious revolt broke out. There 
was no English garrison at Tavoy, only a hundred Sepoys. 
The officer in charge was dying ; Colonel Burney, the head 
of the civil and military force, was away in Moulmain. A 
young doctor had to assume command in this crisis. 
Mr. Boardman was roused from a sound sleep to find two 
hundred rebels armed with clubs, knives, and spears rushing 
on the powder magazine and gun-shade, which were 
defended by six Sepoys under a native officer. Mrs. 
Boardman snatched up her sickly boy, and took shelter 
in a wooden shed. The assault on the powder magazine 
was repulsed, and the insurgents retreated beyond the 
walls, leaving sixty slain and their leader a prisoner. 
Meanwhile, plundering parties had gone through the town, 
and the criminals of the place had escaped from prison. 
The Boardmans managed to reach Government House, 
but, as it was impossible to hold this against the insurgents, 
the eight Europeans, with Mrs. Boardman and the Colonel s 
wife, took refuge at a building on the wharf. The English 
commander, hurried from his death-bed to escape the 
massacre, looked like a gaunt skeleton. Sepoys and 
servants swelled the company to three or four hundred. 
The rebels mounted some cannon, and turned the fire on 
the refugees, but they aimed badly, and night came on to 
protect the little party. It was an awful night. Houses 
were blazing around, and a band of five hundred men made 
a desperate rush on the wharf. Next morning Colonel 
Burney came to the rescue. His little steamer carried his 
wife and Mrs. Boardman back to Moulmain, and brought 
European soldiers with all possible speed. The insurgents 
were soon driven out and peace restored. Colonel Burney s 



SARAH BOARDMAN JUDSON. 67 



little child died from the exposure of that night, but 
Mr. Boardman s boy seemed spared as if by miracle. 

Next January Mrs. Boardman was prostrate with illness. 
It seemed as though she could not recover. When she 
gathered strength she had to nurse her husband, who had 
a consumptive cough, brought on, his wife thought, by the 
exposure and strain of the rebellion, and increased by his 
missionary journeys among the Karens. " He used some 
times to walk twenty miles in a day, preaching and teaching 
as he went, and at night have no shelter but an open zayat, 
no food at all calculated to sustain his failing nature, and 
no bed but a straw mat spread on the cold, open bamboo 
floor." He toiled on, but it was evident that his days were 
numbered. His wife wrote : " God is calling to me in a most 
impressive manner, to set my heart on heavenly things." 
Two children were in heaven ; little George was often ill, 
her own health was poor, her husband so emaciated 
and weak that he could scarcely move. They had removed 
to Moulmain, but came back to Tavoy to examine the 
candidates for baptism, and instruct those recently baptized. 
Sometimes Mr. Boardman had strength to say a few words, 
but often his wife sat on his couch and interpreted his 
feeble whispers. When the day for the baptism ceremony 
came the Karens carried Mr. Boardman to the spot in his 
cot. The little company passed the monasteries where 
multitudes of priests and novitiates watched them over the 
high brick walls. The common people reviled them : " See 
your teacher ! a living man carried as if he were already 
dead ! " The touching baptismal service and the Lord s 
Supper in the evening were never forgotten by the heart 
broken wife. 



68 SARAH BOARDMAN JUDSON. 



The Rev. Francis Mason came in January, 1831, in time 
to witness the closing scene. The party set out on a little 
missionary tour in the Karen wilderness. It was thought 
that the change would be beneficial to the dying man. At 
one place nearly a hundred Karens assembled. Three 
years ago they were sunk in heathen darkness, now more 
than half of these visitors were seeking baptism. Mr. 
Boardman felt that after such an ingathering he might well 
pray, "Lord, now lettest Thou Thy servant depart in 
peace." One night he asked his wife to read him some 
hymns on sickness and death. They had only " Wesley s 
Hymns, but Mrs. Boardman read, " Ah, lovely appearance 
of death," and several others. He saw thirty-four persons 
baptized, and was able after tea to say a few words to the 
new disciples. Next morning the mission party turned 
homewards. A storm broke on them, and they were 
refused shelter at the only house near. After much diffi 
culty they were permitted to sleep on the verandah. Next 
morning they took boat for home. Mr. Boardman died 
almost as soon as he got on board. Then the mournful 
little company floated down to Tavoy. 

Mrs. Boardman thought at first that she would be 
compelled to return with her boy to America. Dr. Judson 
showed her great kindness in this hour of sorrow. Gradually 
she saw that she could not leave the fields which were white 
for harvest. She was busy from sunrise till ten o clock 
at night. The Karens began to come in for instruction. 
The Church in Tavoy numbered a hundred and ten 
members, mostly Karens. Some of these came forty or fifty 
miles on foot to hear the gospel. One woman found the 
floods so deep that she had to wait till the men felled trees 



SARAH BOARDMAN JLJDSON. 69 



for her to cross. Sometimes she walked through waters that 
reached to her chin. Mrs. Boardman had to superintend 
the food and clothing of the boarding schools, and take 
charge of five day schools which were under the care of 
native teachers. The Government made a grant for schools 
throughout the provinces, " to be conducted on the plan 
of Mrs. Boardman s at Tavoy." The propagation of 
Christianity in these was afterwards forbidden, but she was 
always allowed to teach what she wished. She was well 
read in Burmese, and greatly enjoyed Dr. Judson s version 
of the Scriptures. Sometimes she made tours in the Karen 
wilderness, fording the smaller streams on foot. Her little 
boy was carried by the attendants. 

Mrs. Boardman married Dr. Judson on April 10, 1834. 
She now began to study Peguan that she might work 
among the Peguans in Moulmain and Amherst. She held 
female prayer-meetings in her husband s church, and gathered 
the Burmese women into classes for Bible study and prayer. 
She had a serious illness, but afterwards managed to pre 
serve her health by vigorous morning walks. Mrs. Judson 
set her husband free for other work by giving instruction 
and advice to the native Christians, and settling any little 
difficulties among them. She revised the standard tracts 
in Peguan, and translated the New Testament and a Life 
of Christ into that language. She sat at her study table, 
with two or three assistants about her, toiling at this fruitful 
work. George Boardman had been sent to America for 
education, but a little family was growing up around her. 
She had eight children at Moulmain, five of whom survived 
her. The little ones played in the verandah adjoining the 
room where she was busy with her Peguan translator. This 



7 SARAH BOARDMAN JUDSON. 



was open to the road, so that Mrs. Boardman often had 
enquirers dropping in to learn about Christianity. 

Six years after their marriage Dr. Judson was troubled 
with an ominous cough, which showed that he also was in 
danger of consumption the Burmese scourge. Amid the 
cares of nursing, his wife began to translate the " Pilgrim s 
Progress," and prepared questions for her Burmese Sunday 
school and Bible classes. Mother and children were pros 
trated with sickness, and found it necessary to take a sea- 
voyage to Calcutta. Dr. Judson and two of the boys stayed at 
Serampore, whilst the mother and two elder children went 
on to Calcutta. Thence Mrs. Judson was recalled in haste 
to the death-bed of her little son Henry. After many 
heavy trials the family returned to Moulmain. There the 
old labours began afresh. The truth was taking hold of 
many hearts, so that Mrs. Judson never for a moment 
regretted that she had consecrated her life to Burma. At 
last her health broke down, and she was compelled to 
return to America. It was the one hope left. Dr. judson 
sailed with her. When they reached the Mauritius she 
seemed to have gained strength, so that she wanted her 
husband to return to Burmah, where he was sorely needed. 
Her trembling fingers wrote that touching farewell : 

We part on this green islet, Love, 

Thou for the Eastern main, 
I for the setting sun, Love, 
Oh, when to meet again ? 

* * * * * 

" Then gird thy armour on, Love, 

Nor faint thou by the way, 
Till Boodh shall fall, and Burmah s sons 
Shall own Messiah s sway." 



SARAH BOARDMAN JUDSON. 71 

These were the last words she wrote. Her strength 
gradually ebbed away, and she was laid to rest at St. Helena. 
At two o clock in the morning her husband asked, " Do 
you still love the Saviour ? " " Oh yes," she replied, 
" I ever loved the Lord Jesus Christ." " Do you still love 
me?" he asked once more. The dying wife replied in 
the affirmative, and her husband gave her a farewell kiss. 
An hour later, and she was gone to her reward. 

Dr. Judson sailed homewards. For a few days he 
seemed to sit, with his weeping children, broken down 
with sorrow ; then he was able to lift up his heart. America 
gave the apostle of Burmah a noble welcome. Before he 
returned to his Eastern home he married Miss Emily 
Chubbock, a lady whose books were widely read in 
America. She had prepared the life of Sarah Boardman 
Judson, and now cast in her lot with the missionary. 
Three years more of toil, then Dr. Judson had to take 
a voyage in the hope of regaining strength. He died at 
sea. He had buried his dead at Rangoon, Amherst, 
Moulmain, Serampore, and St. Helena. He himself rests 
beneath the ocean wave. But the work of God in Burma, 
especially among the Karens, still shows that he and 
Boardman, with their devoted wives, had not laboured 
in vain. "Do you think the prospects bright for the speedy 
conversion of the heathen ? " a gentleman asked him at 
Boston. " As bright," was the answer, " as the promises 
of God." In that faith he and his heroic fellow-workers 
both lived and died. 



DOROTHY JONES AND THE 
-MARIA" MAIL-BOAT. 




DOROTHY JONES, AFTERWARDS MRS. HINCKSMAN. 



DOROTHY JONES AND THE 
"MARIA" MAIL-BOAT. 

V HE terrible disaster which befell the Roumania in 
October 1892, brought back to many memories that 
tragic story of the mission field about which our fathers 
used to tell with bated breath the loss of the Maria mail- 
boat in 1826. It reminded us who labour at home of the 
place which the perils of the sea fill in the chronicle of 
missionary toil and danger. Ever since St. Paul wrote his 
record, " Thrice I suffered shipwreck, a night and a day I 
have been in the deep," the servants of Christ have had to 
add those dangers to the perils among the heathen which 
they faced for their Master and His Church. One name 
heads the roll of missionary heroines of the sea. Dorothy 
Jones was the daughter of Mr. Hobson, a master potter at 
Cobridge, near Newcastle-under-Eyme. She was bom on 
August 17, 1802. Her parents were regular attendants 
at the Church of England, and Dorothy was early taught 
to fear God and keep His commandments. One little 
romance of her childhood has been preserved. She was 
playing near her father s gate one summer day when a party 
of gipsies picked her up and carried her off. She was soon 
missed, and her father and his men set out in full pursuit. 



76 DOROTHY JONES 



They overtook the gipsies as they were entering Newcastle, 
and found little Dorothy sitting contentedly in a hamper of 
straw, with both hands full of gingerbread. 

Her mother died when she was fifteen. She was a godly 
woman, who studied her Bible so closely that the clergy 
man of the parish said he never talked with her without 
gaining light and help. Mrs. Hobson found it very hard 
to leave her children, especially Dorothy and her younger 
brother. But one day when her youngest girl came into 
the room, she said, " Now I can give you and your brother 
up into the hands of God. He will take care of you." She 
urged her children again and again to meet her above, and 
would say, " I have been musing of heaven, and sometimes 
think I may be permitted to be your guardian angel. If so, 
what pleasure it will give me to know that you are preparing 
to follow me ! Yes ; I often think, if you do, it will add 
to my joy." Her last request to her husband had no little 
influence on Dorothy s future. She asked him to promise 
one thing, and when she had secured his consent, she said, 
" If any of my dear children, when I am gone, should 
become serious and religious, and should prefer any other 
Christian body to the Church of England, will you promise 
not to stop them ? " 

After the funeral, the girl stole up to the room where her 
mother had died. As she knelt there the thought flashed 
across her mind, "And what will it be to be separated 
through all eternity ? " She now earnestly sought the way 
of peace. There was no one to guide her. Her health 
suffered so that she had to leave home for a change. Still 
she found no relief. At last a Methodist friend invited her 
to hear " the new preacher " at Burslem. The singing and 



AND THE MARIA" MAIL-BOAT. 77 



prayer "seemed to go through her." The text was "Now 
then we are ambassadors for Christ." The girl was ashamed 
to lift her eyes. How could this man know those heart- 
sins which were hidden from all, save herself and God ? 
She took another opportunity to hear the same preacher, 
and felt the burden of sin more and more. She greatly 
desired to speak to him in private, for, she said, " Surely if 
he knew how to make me unhappy, he also knows how to 
make me happy." Whenever she could she stole away to 
the chapel. After a lovefeast, an earnest leader invited her 
to his class at nine o clock on Sunday morning. She was 
up at two, longing for the appointed hour. When she 
found herself there at last the singing seemed like heaven. 
As the leader spoke she said to herself, " That is just what 
I want to know that the Almighty smiles on me." She 
told the members plainly that she was seeking salvation, 
and went away much encouraged. After a fortnight of 
strong conviction, her faith rested on that word, "Christ 
Jesus came into the world to save sinners." Her father 
thought her beside herself, but she had found the pearl of 
great price. 

Mr. Hobson had promised that his children should be 
free to attend anyplace where they felt they could gain most 
spiritual good, but he strongly opposed Dorothy s proceed 
ings. She was scarcely allowed to leave home lest she 
should go to the chapel. She found much help from two 
young friends recently converted, one of whom afterwards 
married Nathaniel Turner, our missionary in New Zealand, 
whilst the other became the wife of the Rev. Thomas 
Turner, of Canada. At a lovefeast held twelve months 
after the first she attended, Miss Hobson was greatly 



78 DOROTHY JONES 



quickened. She says": "I was filled with power to give 
myself up wholly to God, and was let into love. All was 
love. I loved everybody, and was ashamed of my past pro 
fessions of love to the Almighty, to His Church, and to my 
fellow-creatures at large." She now began to visit and pray 
with the sick, and prevailed on some of the local preachers 
to hold a cottage service once a month in the village. One 
night when she returned home from her round as a 
missionary collector, her father told her that he had made 
up his mind. She must give up praying both in private 
and public, must attend no more Methodist meetings, and 
must no longer beg for "those blacks." If she would do 
this, she might go once on Sunday to the Methodist 
Chapel and twice with him to church. Then she should 
have all the comforts of home and share with the rest in his 
prosperity. If she refused to yield she must leave the house 
within half an hour. The girl replied, " Why, father, if I 
were to give up praying, I should lose my soul ; and the 
means which you wish me to give up are all helps to my 
soul." She reminded him of his promise to her mother, 
but all was unavailing. There was nothing left but to pack 
her things. Within half an hour she was on her way to 
find some shelter. She turned to the house of a widow 
who met in the same class, and asked for a night s lodging. 
When she had told her story, the good woman said : " Now 
I see how it was. I was going to pay in my missionary 
money. I got ready, and went out, and put in the key to 
lock the door, but could not. I tried and tried all ways ; 
and, at last, in forcing it, I have sprained my wrist." The 
lock turned quite easily after the visitor had entered. 
Dorothy stayed here till the following May. She had been 



AND THE -MARIA" MAIL-BOAT. 79 



earning her own living for five years as a painter of china, so 
that she was able to provide for herself. Her father had 
been moved to his harsh conduct by a neighbouring clergy 
man who told him he would not do his duty till he com 
pelled her to obey, but he soon regretted his hasty action. 
He asked another daughter to see that Dorothy lacked 
nothing. At last when the family doctor remonstrated with 
him, and his neighbours showed their disapproval of his 
conduct, Mr. Hobson expressed a wish that she would 
return home. 

Henceforth she enjoyed perfect liberty of conscience. 
She was soon engaged to Thomas Jones, from Ipstones in 
Staffordshire, who had been awakened in London under the 
ministry of Joseph Benson. He was four months older 
than Miss Hobson, and had offered himself as a Wesleyan 
missionary. Until a suitable opening occurred he was 
engaged in Home Mission work in the Eastern counties. 
Her father, fearing that Mr. Jones would go to the foreign 
field, stoutly opposed the engagement. He intercepted 
letters and threatened personal violence if Mr. Jones came 
to the house. He knew that his daughter loved that 
work beyond all others. Shortly after her conversion 
she had attended a missionary meeting, which made a pro 
found impression on her mind. She " longed to teach the 
poor blacks the way to heaven." At last Mr. Jones was 
appointed to the West Indies, and was told to be ready for 
departure in three weeks. He sent word to Dorothy, who 
broke the news to her father. He answered that he sup 
posed she would go even if he said " No," but was told that 
the rules of the Missionary Society forbade it. He re 
joined, " You don t know what you are doing. You would 



8o DOROTHY JONES 



never be happy with those blacks always about you. You 
would not be able to eat after their cooking, so particular as 
you are at home. And then the climate is so sickly, you 
could not live long in it." He said that he would neither 
give nor refuse his consent. Dorothy thus felt free to go. 
The young people were, therefore, married at Burslem 
Church on October 22, 1824. 

Their vessel did not sail so soon as was expected, so 
that they were able to visit two sisters in Liverpool. The 
coach by which they travelled from Liverpool to London 
passed through the Potteries, and many friends met Mr. 
and Mrs. Jones to bid them farewell. Mr. Hobson did 
not come, but sent a message that his daughter should 
have a home as long as he lived. The coach paused at 
the Chapel Bank, where hundreds of friends sang 

" Blest be the dear uniting love 

That will not let us part ; 

Our bodies may far off remove, 

We still are one in heart. 

As they moved on through the moonlight the bride could 
see the peaceful white cottage where she had spent her child 
hood. She thought of her mother, and bade farewell to 
the very trees. Everything seemed doubly dear to her 
now that she was going into a far country. " Yet," she 
says, " I did not repine or repent. No ! The promised 
grace was given; and the word has been fulfilled, I will 
never leave thee nor forsake thee. " 

In London Mr. and Mrs. Jones spent seven weeks under 
the roof of the Rev. John Mason. The kindness shown 
them there was never forgotten. Mr. and Mrs. Morley 
took great interest in them, whilst Joseph Butterworth 



AND THE "MARIA" MAIL-BOAT. Si- 



invited them to his house, and gave them kind advice and 
encouragement. John Wesley s old friend, Mrs. Mortimer, 
called one morning, and before she left prayed for the 
young missionary s wife in a remarkable manner. " She 
might," says Mrs. Jones, "have known my future trials. 
All seemed to be laid before her. And, oh, how she 
pleaded for me ! On my returning from the West Indies, 
and calling upon Mrs. Mason, one of the first enquiries was, 
Have you thought of Mrs. Mortimer s prayer ? We had 
both often thought and spoken of it." On December 22, 
1824, the mission party left Gravesend. The Rev. William 
Clough and his wife, with the Rev. John Manley, all bound 
for the Antigua District, sailed with them in the Topaz. 
Their five weeks voyage from the Land s End was pleasant 
and prosperous. The missionaries held public services each 
Sunday, and availed themselves of every opportunity of 
doing good. On February 7, 1825, they reached Antigua 
safely. In the evening they attended service in the chapel 
at St. John s, where Dr. Coke had preached on that 
memorable Christmas morning of 1786, when he found 
himself for the first time in Antigua. To see hundreds of 
black faces lighted up by true devotion was a happy preface 
to their future work. 

A gentleman who met them at this time says: "They 
were in all the vigour of English health, and presented 
every indication of lives of usefulness and honour. She 
had all the bloom of her fatherland, and her amiable and 
gentle manners, as well as her consistency in dress and 
deportment, attracted the attention of all with whom she 
came into contact." Mr. Jones was stationed at Parham, 
" a sweet spot," six miles from St. John s. The report 

6 



82 DOROTm JONES 



spread quickly. " The new missionary ! The new mis 
sionary ! " The people flocked in to welcome them, and 
made them feel that they had found a true home. House, 
chapel, schools, were all that could be wished. The days 
went swiftly by in a round of happy work. Mr. Jones was 
still a probationer. His year s work won this tribute at the 
next District Meeting : " His qualifications for the sacred 
office are excellent. He is eminently devout; he loves 
study, and exerts himself diligently." Mrs. Jones formed 
an adult class. She was greatly interested in one negress of 
seventy-two who came to learn. "Yes, missy," she said, 
striking her brow ; " I know my head is tick; but I ask the 
Great Massa to help me to read, and to put it into your 
heart to teach me." She wanted to study "the great word." 
" I link, missy, that I may be sick, and have the fever, and 
you know massa missionary have plenty to do, and I live 
eight miles off. Den I tink if I can read the great Word, 
it will tell of Jesus, and comfort me." When she could 
spell LORD, she stood with uplifted hands and said, " Massa, 
great Massa! I can read your great Name." She broke 
out in thanksgiving that the hearts of people in England 
had been moved to send out missionaries. The class of 
girls, held five evenings a week, when the little ones filled 
every corner, and even lay under the table, was another 
happy feature of the work. 

It was a brief but a blessed time of labour, and all the 
missionaries and their wives seemed like one happy family. 
The time of the District Meeting drew near. Mrs. Jones had 
a dream which seemed to threaten imminent danger at sea. 
She awoke much disturbed in her mind. Her uneasiness 
did not wear off. When her husband asked whether she 



AND THE "MARIA" MAIL-BOAT. 83 



would attend the coming meeting, she expressed her strong 
conviction that suffering was at hand. She went with him, 
however. They arrived safely at St. Christopher s on 
February 2, 1826. She met her old friend Mrs. Clough, 
and greatly enjoyed the public services. A visit to a 
young woman terribly afflicted with leprosy made a 
deep impression on her mind. She was not allowed to 
enter the room, but the door was left ajar, so that they 
conversed together, and Mrs. Jones was greatly touched by 
the holy joy of the poor sufferer. 

On Wednesday, February 22, the meeting closed. Next 
day a large party sailed for Antigua. The missionaries were 
William White, Thomas Truscott, Daniel Hillier, William 
Oke, and Thomas Jones. Mrs. White with three children, 
Mrs. Truscott with one. child, Mrs. Jones and two nurses, 
made up the party of fourteen. Stormy weather drove 
them to Montserrat, where they spent a happy Sunday. 
Mr. Hillier read the Lessons for the day, one of which was 
the eleventh chapter of Second Corinthians. Mrs. Jones 
was deeply affected as the record of St. Paul s sufferings 
was read. " At the words a night and a day I have been 
in the deep, the horrors of shipwreck were suddenly pre 
sented to my view so forcibly that I said to myself, I could 
suffer anything but shipwreck. The impression remained ; 
and during the service it would still recur to my thoughts, 
A night and a day have I been in the deep. That 
evening her mind grew calmer, but the impression returned 
on Monday morning at prayer, and she asked herself 
"What can this mean?" The mission party, who were 
anxious to get back to their stations without delay, left their 
own vessel and took passage in the Maria mail-boat. They 



84 DOROTHY JONES 



set sail about noon. At night the wind was boisterous, 
but they were able to sleep. Next morning the sea was 
very stormy. About four o clock Antigua was in sight. It 
seemed as though they would soon be safe on shore. 
Little Willie White gave out, with an emphasis and serious 
ness which were much noticed, the verse 

" Though waves and storms go o er my head," 

and talked to the children about Jonah and other Bible 
worthies. Mrs. Jones cried, "Lord! Lord! help me." 
She was much comforted by the verse 

" Jesus protects ; my fears begone ! " 
and sang 

" When passing through the watery deep." 

She was able to cast herself on God, though an oppressive 
feeling of coming trouble hung over her. The calamity 
soon came. The steward ran down into the cabin for a 
lantern, with a face that showed that some great disaster 
had befallen them. All the mission party jumped out of 
their berths, and as the vessel turned on her beam ends 
they were tumbled together in a heap on the floor. The 
waves were now washing into the cabin. Mothers and nurses 
pushed up the children. Mr. Jones helped his wife to that 
side of the ship which was highest out of the water, and 
told her, " The vessel has struck on the reefs, and there is 
no hope of being saved ! " The sailors were panic-stricken. 
The boat, in which a sailor was lying, who had been struck 
senseless by one of the spars, was washed off the deck, and 
though the mate jumped after it he could not get it back to 
the wreck. He and his companion were picked up alive 



AND THE " MARIA" MAIL-BOAT. 85 



next morning by a French sloop. The captain looked 
despairingly after the vanishing boat. His men clung 
eagerly to the missionaries, who pointed them to Christ 
amid the raging storm. 

The mail-boat now broke up. Eleven passengers and 
several sailors went down with the part of the vessel to 
which they were clinging. Mrs. Jones, who was among 
them, cried out, " I am going ! " but her feet were entangled 
in the rigging, so that she was not washed away with the 
rest. Mr. Jones caught her hand, and pulled her up from 
a w r atery grave. He drew her towards the bowsprit. The 
captain said : " Let us cling to this part of the vessel, as 
it is the firmest, and will remain the longest together." 
Mrs. Jones had no bonnet, and the pieces of wreck which 
came dashing up against her soon tore off her dress. 
Sitting in the water with her head just above the surface, 
she was almost benumbed by the cold. The captain brought 
her an old jacket, which was of great service. They sat 
on the deck, heart-broken by the cries of the drowning 
which reached them from all sides. " Nothing," says 
Mrs. Jones, " but the full assurance that their sufferings 
would shortly be ended, and that they w r ould soon be 
admitted into glory, could have enabled us to sustain these 
awful moments, which also constantly reminded us of what 
we must expect at length to be our own lot. Every wave 
that came appeared like a mountain, and threatened us with 
destruction. Oh, what a scene of horror presented itself! 
no moon, no stars, the sky totally dark, the wind bursting 
in gusts upon us, the sea roaring upon the rocks, nothing 
to be seen but the lights in the harbour." Mrs. Jones 
twice lost her hold of the wreck because a large dog 



86 DOROTHY JONES 



seeing her head out of water put his feet on it in order 
to help himself on to the wreck. She was nearly drowned 
before the others were aware of her danger. 

When day dawned on Wednesday it seemed as though 
help must come. Yet though the wreck was only three 
miles from shore their signals were not seen. Boats and 
vessels were in sight, but none approached near enough 
to see them. Another terrible night followed, but hope 
awoke with the daylight on Thursday. Still no succour. 
They suffered much from hunger and thirst. As Friday 
morning dawned Mrs. Jones suffered such violent pain 
that she could scarcely hold to the wreck. They relieved 
themselves a little by biting pieces of lead. Mrs. Jones 
held her dying husband in her arms till he passed away 
saying, " Glory ! glory ! glory ! " Not long afterwards two 
gentlemen rescued her from the wreck. When she was 
brought on shore her complexion was like soot and all 
her features were distorted. Yet even in her semi-stupor 
she said : " If you write to my father, say that I have never 
regretted engaging in the mission work." It was not till 
the Sunday evening that she regained consciousness. Even 
then she could not understand that her husband would 
return no more. During these terrible days she was "kept 
up by prayer." 

Mrs. Jones returned to England, and spent her six years 
of widowhood chiefly in Liverpool, where she was much 
blessed in Christian work. In 1832 she married Mr. 
Hincksman, of Preston, and for twenty-seven years " was 
a pattern of every domestic, conjugal, and maternal grace." 
In 1847 her ill-health led to the removal of the family to 
Lytham. She was restored to strength, and was spared till 



AND THE "MARIA" MAIL-BOAT. 87 

April, 1859. On her death-bed, when she could scarcely 
speak, she asked for the hymn which had comforted her 
in the horrors of the shipwreck 

" When passing through the watery deep/ 

and found that it was still full of strong consolation. Hers 
was a memorable story, and one w r ho heard it first from the 
lips of her husband may well desire to lay another wreath 
around the memory of Dorothy Jones, whose brief missionary 
experience forms one of the most tragic pages in the record 
of the heroic endurance of Methodist women in the mission 
field. 



MARGARET CARGILL 
3 n Cotuia aito tftji. 




KING GEORGE, OF TONGA. 



MARGARET CARGILL 
cja anfc ;jfiju 



MARGARET CARGILL will always hold a place of 
honour in our missionary history as one of the first 
two Christian ladies who ventured to live in cannibal Fiji. 
She was the daughter of Mrs. John Smith, of Aberdeen. 
who was early left a widow with three little girls. Margaret, 
the second of her daughters, was born on September 28, 
1809, and owed much to the tender vigilance of a kind 
and judicious mother who spared neither pains nor expense 
in the training of her children. In October, 1826, David 
Cargill, who had just entered the University at Aberdeen 
as a student, met Miss Smith. The young people were 
only seventeen years old, but a warm friendship and 
affection sprang up between them. Miss Smith had been 
brought up as a Presbyterian, and sat under the ministry 
of Dr. Thompson, of Footdee. She also greatly enjoyed 
the evangelical preaching of Dr. Kidd, which frequently 
drew her to his chapel. But the girl, whose affability and 
sweetness of temper won the regard of all who knew her, 
felt that she needed a change of heart. Deep impressions 
had been made on her by the truth, but she was still a 
stranger to the pardoning mercy of God, She visited the 



92 MARGARET CARGILL 

sick, and delighted to teach in a school which was held 
every Sunday evening. Her husband says, in the archaic 
style of our old biography, " The evening of the Lord s 
day was generally spent at a Sunday school, in communi 
cating religious knowledge to a number of girls whose 
parents were unable to pay for the instruction of their 
offspring. She affectionately designated the members 01 
her class her children, and felt greatly delighted when these 
objects of her care improved under her tuition. On the 
week-day evenings she was frequently employed in teaching 
a class of adult females, whose time, during the day, was 
occupied in labouring for the meat which perisheth." 

Miss Smith frequently attended Methodist services, and 
at last became a member of the Society. Her friends, who 
thought that it was decidedly wrong for her to leave the 
Church of her fathers, opposed this step ; but when they 
saw that the girl s heart was set on going where she received 
most spiritual good, they did not attempt to interfere with 
her liberty of conscience. She received her first ticket 
from Robert Nicholson. As yet she was only " a seeker." 
In 1 8 ?o Thomas Cocking was appointed to the Aberdeen 
Circuit, and his affectionate appeals were often powerfully 
applied to her heart and conscience. At last, under a 
sermon of David CargilPs from the words, " O Lord, I will 
praise Thee " (Isaiah xii. i). she was able to rejoice in 
Christ. "The natural loveliness of her disposition and 
manners was increased and beautified by the grace of God." 
She lost her peace for a time, but recovered it under a 
sermon of Robert Leak s. The Scotch girl was thus being 
prepared for her life of labour among the heathen. 

In the summer of 1832 David Cargill was appointed as 



IN TONGA AND FIJI. 93 



a missionary to Tonga. He and Miss Smith hailed this 
prospect with pleasure. Many arguments were used to 
dissuade them from such a trying task, but nothing shook 
their conviction that here lay the appointed path of duty. 
Mrs. Smith at last, with streaming eyes and overflowing 
heart, said, " Go, and may the Almighty go with you." On 
September 6 the young people were married, and set out for 
London. The thought of separation from home and kindred 
agitated the bride so deeply that she could scarcely stand 
whilst the marriage ceremony was performed. She never 
shrank for a moment from her task or wavered in her 
resolution, but the wrench from home was a sore trial. 
She was literally torn from her mother s arms. After a 
short stay with Mr. Cargill s relatives in Edinburgh they 
hastened to London, where they were received into Mr. 
Beecham s house until the Caroline was ready to start for 
New South Wales. Besides themselves the missionary 
party consisted of the Revs. J. Whitely and C. Tucker, 
with their wives, and Miss Green. They passed the Lizard 
on November 6. As the shore of Britain faded Mrs. 
Cargill managed to raise herself in her bed and took a 
farewell glance, with eyes filled with tears, at her native 
land. One is reminded of another missionary heroine, 
Mary Smith, going out alone, with heart broken by all the 
sorrows of separation from home and kindred, to marry 
Robert Moffat. 

Mrs. Cargill proved to be a bad sailor. She suffered 
seriously from sea-sickness, so that the twenty-one weeks 
voyage to Port Jackson was very trying. They stayed for 
a little time at Sydney to recruit. It was not till December, 
1833, that Mr. Cross and Mr. Cargill sailed with their wives 



94 MARGARET CARGILL 

from New South Wales. They encountered a terrible 
storm on New Year s Day, but the gale abated towards 
evening, and the next morning found them safely anchored 
in the Bay of Islands, New Zealand. The deck of their 
little vessel was soon crowded with natives, whose filthy 
persons, uncouth appearance, and rude manners made Mrs. 
Cargill feel what it was to be surrounded by savages. After 
eleven days in New Zealand the mission party set sail for 
Nukualofa, Tongatabu. At daybreak, on January 24, the 
island of Eua with its lofty cliffs came into sight. Perpen 
dicular rocks ran down into the sea, and numerous cascades 
fell from the reservoirs on their summits. Beyond these 
were immense numbers of tall cocoa-nut trees. About 
noon the vessel reached the Tonga coral reefs. Two 
natives, in puris naturalibus, came off in a small canoe, 
and one of them acted as pilot. The vessel got safely 
through the coral reefs, and soon the English missionaries 
had the pleasure of meeting Mr. Thomas and Mr. Hobbs. 
A crowd of natives escorted them to the mission-house, 
crying " Ji oto ofa," " My love/ Next day the king, Josiah 
Tubou, sent his congratulations on their safe arrival. They 
visited him that afternoon to get their first glimpse of 
Tongan royalty. The king was a tall, stoutly built man, 
whose countenance expressed neither intellect nor benignity, 
but his brother impressed them more favourably as a man 
of clearer head and warmer heart. 

The first Sunday at Tonga gave great pleasure to the 
Cargills. At half-past eight the bell rang for service, and 
though a smart shower was falling, the chapel was comfort 
ably filled. The people seemed to sing as with one voice, 
whilst the silent reverence of the kneeling throng was very 



IN TONGA AND FIJI. 95 



impressive. This service was conducted by Mr. Thomas. 
Mr. Cargill afterwards held an English service ; in the 
afternoon Mr. Cross preached to the natives ; and in the 
evening, Mr. Hobbs. Such happy days prepared 
the Cargills for the new station which the District Meeting 
had assigned them at Vavau. The king s brother showed 
them great kindness on their departure. Their boat had 
to be pushed over the reef by the natives, as the tide was 
low. The chief waded in front, removing stones and other 
obstructions from the channel. When the boat floated 
he walked for a time at its side, shaking hands, and assuring 
his friends that he would gladly have accompanied them 
on board had he been better dressed. The water soon 
reached his breast, so that he bade them farewell, and 
turned towards the shore. On February 3 the vessel 
cast anchor in the commodious harbour of A 7 avau. 
Peter Turner, accompanied by native leaders and local 
preachers, now arrived to greet his new colleague. It was 
pleasant to hear the Tongan Christians expressing their 
thanks that God had brought the missionary with his wife 
and child safely to Vavau. 

Mr. and Mrs. Cargill found themselves in the midst of 
a blessed work. King George of Haabai had also become 
ruler of Vavau a few months before. Tonga was afterwards 
added to his domains, so that he became supreme through 
out the Friendly Islands. King George and the majority 
of his people had embraced Christianity, and were now 
receiving careful training. More than two thousand 
members had been received into society. There were 
three thousand scholars in the schools, and ten or eleven 
chapels had been built, one of which would hold seven or 



96 MARGARET CARGILL 



eight hundred people. A great change had come over 
the natives. The captain of the vessel which had brought 
Mr. Cargill said : " How very different these people are 
now from what they were when I visited this place four 
years ago ! Then we durst not allow them to come on 
board, lest they should attempt to seize the vessel ; now 
they are so mild that you can do anything with them ; they 
are not like the same people." 

Mr. and Mrs. Cargill rejoiced greatly to find themselves 
in the midst of such a flock. The king, however, was 
a source of great anxiety. His conduct had brought dis 
grace on his profession, and when affectionate warning 
proved vain there was no alternative save to exclude him 
from society. He was greatly displeased. " Being a chief 
of high rank and power, he demanded, even as a member 
of the Christian Church, the privilege of sinning with 
impunity." He wrote to Mr. Turner, stating that he was 
not the first or only person in the world who had done 
badly; that Solomon was more guilty than he was; that 
the nature of mankind is prone to sin ; and that he ought 
not to be prohibited from meeting in class on account of 
his inability to resist that inclination. Many were carried 
away by King George s evil example, but a great majority 
of the people stood firm, and prayed both in public and 
private for the restoration of their chief. King George 
made an official visit to Tonga about this time, leaving 
a heathen chief as governor during his absence. This 
man exerted all his ingenuity to damp the zeal of the 
converts and annoy the missionaries. Mrs. Cargill, who 
was in delicate health, and not yet accustomed to the hot 
climate, was fgreatly distressed by the privations and trials 



IN TONGA AND FIJI. 97 

caused by the malice of this heathen chief, but the great 
kindness of the Christian natives gave her much consola 
tion. To watch the loving eagerness with which these 
people welcomed the truth was itself an inspiration. Mrs. 
Cargill and Mrs. Turner were busy with their school for 
girls and women, where they had ninety scholars learning 
to sew and read. 

Mrs. Cargill often accompanied her husband to his 
appointments in various parts of the Circuit. It was a 
great joy to see the chapel at Feletoa filled with four 
hundred people eagerly seeking Christian instruction. On 
the way home, when the natives saw her worn out, they 
made a kind of frame, on which they set Mrs. Cargill, 
and four of them carried her on their shoulders. One old 
woman assured the missionaries and their wives that she 
was " dead with love " to them. Many cheering incidents 
gave fresh courage to the workers. One day four couples 
were married in the chapel. Among these were the King 
and Queen of Toku, an island forty miles away where 
Christianity had been introduced by a native teacher. Its 
sixty inhabitants all forsook heathenism. Ten days after 
these marriages a canoe was seen approaching the harbour 
with forty natives on board. Many feared that these were 
Fijians, who had come to make war on Vavau. It was 
soon found that they had come from Nina, a hundred 
and fifty miles away, to get books from the missionaries. 
A native teacher had been at work on this island, and 
three hundred were now meeting in class. A canoe had 
left Nina seven months before on the same errand, but 
had never been heard of since. 

About the same time a small vessel arrived from one 

7 



9 g MARGARET CARGILL 

of the Fijian islands. A chief on board gave a horrible 
account of a cannibal feast recently held, at which two 
hundred men and a hundred women had been slain and 
eaten. The Cargills did not yet know that their lot was 
soon to be cast among these hideous scenes. Meanwhile 
the work in Vavau made blessed progress. " Every mani 
festation of good desire and every instance of upright 
behaviour on the part of the natives produced feelings 
of gratitude and joy in Mrs. Cargill s benevolent heart." 
The natives rejoiced when she went with her husband on 
his tours, and lavished kindness and hospitality upon them 
both. Revivals broke out all over the Circuit. In the 
middle of one night the king sent a messenger to Mr. Turner 
to tell him that while he and the queen were praying with 
and for each other in their bedroom, they had been over 
whelmed by a sense of their guilt and misery. An 
amusing incident shows how eagerly the people were 
seeking salvation. One day the king and his consort 
retired from a prayer-meeting. The queen expressed a 
wish to drink the milk of a young cocoanut, but there 
was no one to get it, for all the servants were at the 
meeting. King George himself had to climb a tall tree 
to get the cocoanut. 

Not long after the king was seized by keen conviction 
for sin at another prayer-meeting, and fell on his knees 
literally roaring in his distress. He was soon able to 
rejoice in forgiveness. The king and queen became class- 
leaders, and there was soon a royal local preacher on the 
Plan, conspicuous for his zeal in study and his power in 
the pulpit. Mrs. Cargill found great spiritual blessing her 
self during these days of revival. Mr. Turner \\rote to his 



IN TONGA AND FIJI. 99 



old colleague: "I have not forgotten the blessed class- 
meeting we had in Vavau, when God poured out His Holy 
Spirit upon us, and when Sister Cargill could say, All 
glory be unto the Father, and to the Son, and to the 
Holy Ghost. " For several months she suffered more or 
less every day from infirmity and pain, and was often con 
fined to her bed or couch. " I am a useless being," she 
would say with much deep feeling. She was so ill that 
her husband was unable to attend the District Meeting at 
Lifuka. in December, 1834. It was therefore with no 
small surprise that he learned that he and Mr. Cross 
had been appointed to begin a mission in Fiji. When 
Mrs. Cargill was told of this perilous honour, she said, 
" Well, David, I did not expect it to be so ; but the 
Lord knows best what is good for us ; and if it be His 
will that we should go to Fiji, I am content." That spirit 
she showed during all subsequent trials. She often cheered 
herself and her husband in Fiji by saying, "I believe that 
Providence has placed us here and in these circu ms .ances 
for our own good and that of the people ; and I do not 
wish to remove to any other place until the way is pointed 
out to us by the ringer of God s providence. If we are in 
the place and circumstances which accord with the will of 
our heavenly Father, we should be less happy and useful 
in any other place and circumstances. Let us, therefore, 
be content, and strive to do all the good we can in our 
present situation." 

On Thursday, October 8, 1835, the first missionaries to 
Fiji embarked on the Blackbird, a colonial schooner, amid 
the loving regrets of their converts. Next Monday their 
vessel was off the south east part of Lakemba. It was 



loo MARGARET C ARC ILL 

surrounded by a coral reef, and the captain was afraid to 
venture through the narrow opening. Mr. Cross and Mr. 
Cargiil therefore landed in the boat. Two hundred natives, 
armed with muskets, spears, clubs, bows and arrows, stood 
on the shore with painted faces and nearly naked bodies. 
They showed no sign of fear or hostility, but seemed utterly 
astonished at their strange visitors. The king was waiting 
in a house near the beach to learn who the newcomers 
were. When they asked for an interview, he returned to 
his own house a mile from the shore. This house was a 
single room, one hundred feet long and forty wide, without 
any partitions. The king was a stout man over six feet 
high. He promised to give the missionaries a piece of 
ground, to erect houses for them, and to receive instruction. 
Mr. Cross and Mr. Cargiil hurried back with their good news, 
and the same afternoon they and their families were safely 
housed in a canoe house on the beach which had been 
assigned them as a temporary home. Hundreds of eager 
natives crowded round, watching every movement. When 
darkness fell thousands of mosquitoes were upon them. 
The Blackbird was brought safely through the reef, and the 
mission party were glad to return to her for three days 
until their own house was ready. Mrs. Cargiil was soon 
installed as mistress of her new home. It was made of 
cocoa-nut leaves plaited and laid one above another. One 
end was the store ; the other, separated from it by a curtain 
of native cloth, formed the bedroom. The space between 
served as a sitting-room. Natives planted themselves at 
the doors and windows to watch everything that went on, 
and when there was no vantage ground left there, new 
comers lifted the plaited leaves which formed the eaves 



IN TONGA AND FIJI. 



and thrust in their heads to look. Constant vigilance was 
needed to prevent stealing. 

On the Sunday Mr. Cross preached in the Tongan 
language, which many of the chiefs and people understood. 
A week after their arrival Mrs. Cargill wrote to her mother 
in Scotland to give their first impressions of the work. 
The people were friendly, though all the food they had 
brought was one fowl and a few yams. Mrs. Cargill had 
been very useful in Tonga visiting the sick, teaching the 
women, and winning all hearts by her kindness. She now 
set herself to learn Fijian, and was able by degrees to 
converse freely with the natives about religion. They 
never took offence at her faithfulness, but described her 
as a lady of a loving spirit. She took charge of the 
purchase of food and distribution of medicines in order 
that her husband might be free for other work. Some 
of the Tongan settlers in Fiji soon became Christians. 
Service was held in the open air, where as many as two 
hundred sometimes assembled. Fifty females joined the 
school, and were taught sitting on the grass under the 
shade of a tree. Six weeks after their arrival a great storm 
swept over the island which sorely tried the frail mission- 
house. The roof had to be tied on, and the posts and 
beams propped up. Happily the inmates escaped with 
out injury. On December 5 Mrs. Cargill s third child 
was born the first child of European parents born in Fiji. 
The king called the little girl Lakemba, after his island. 
Another storm having rendered the mission-house un 
inhabitable, a small chapel was built out of the material. 
On March 20, 1836, thirty-two adults, the first fruits of 
Fiji, were baptized here. Next June the Cargills took 



102 MARGARET CARGILL 

possession of a new home erected for them by the king. 
Mr. Cargill and an old sailor were responsible for the 
carpenter s work. 

The murder of some shipwrecked sailors who were baked 
and eaten by the Fijians about this time showed the 
Cargills more clearly than ever the horror of cannibalism. 
But the truth was spreading. The work in Lakemba was 
taking root despite persecution stirred up by the king and 
his brother. In December, 1837, Mr. Cross set out to start 
a new mission. He was unable to effect an entrance into 
Bau, which was convulsed by war, but was gladly 
welcomed by the King of Rewa. Mrs. Cargill was now 
the only European lady in Lakemba. She was a class 
leader, and so won the hearts of her members that they 
described her as " our true mother." She helped her 
husband in preparing manuscript copies of books for the 
natives for as yet there was no printing press and went 
with Mr. Cargill to visit the societies and schools in 
adjacent islands. She was the first European lady who 
had ever landed in some of these places, so that the 
curiosity of the people to see " the foreign lady and the 
children " was intense. 

Before the year was out the mission was reinforced by 
the welcome arrival of John Hunt, James Calvert, and 
T. J. Jaggar. The printing press which they brought was 
not the least valuable addition to the staff of workers. 
Mrs. Cargill set up part of the first page of the Catechism, 
and struck off the first four copies. A great storm wrecked 
their house in March, 1839, so that the Cargills had to 
take shelter in a small building till a new house was ready. 
Mrs. Cargill bore such trials with unfailing patience. The 



IN TONGA AND FIJI. 103 



following July they removed to Rewa, leaving Mr. Calvert 
alone at Lakemba. Living in the midst of heathen cruelty 
at Rewa was a terrible experience. One day twenty bodies 
of persons slain in war were brought in as a present to 
the king and queen. They had ceased to eat human flesh, 
but the corpses were distributed among the chiefs and 
people of neighbouring towns. It seemed as though a 
legion of demons had been let loose ; even the children 
amused themselves by sporting with and mutilating the 
dead body of a little girl. Human entrails were seen 
floating down the river in front of the mission-house, 
and mutilated limbs, heads, and trunks of bodies were 
lying about along the banks. The people of Bau had 
killed two hundred and sixty men and women and children 
in an attack on a Verata fortress, and cruelties that defy 
description followed the victory. Mrs. Cargill suffered 
indescribable torture from such scenes ; but she laboured 
on, spending much of her time in caring for the sick, and 
thus winning her way to their hearts. Her whole soul was 
filled with longing for the salvation of Fiji. On January 29, 
1840, the Cargills visited Mr. and Mrs. Cross at Vewa, 
where they were delighted to see the moral reformation 
wrought by the gospel. More than a hundred people 
attended the services. The chief had entirely renounced 
war and cannibalism. Mr. Cargill and his wife returned 
home greatly cheered. A month later a violent storm of 
wind and rain almost wrecked the mission : house, but the 
inmates were preserved from injury. Whilst a new home 
was being prepared they had to reside in a house built 
on damp ground. This and Mr. Cargill s serious illness 
told seriously upon his wife s strength. She was seized 



104 MARGARET CARGILL. 

with dysentery, which she had no strength to battle against, 
and died on June 2, 1840, in the thirty-first year of her 
age. " I have been an unprofitable servant," were the last 
words that she struggled to express. She rests at Rewa 
with a little infant daughter born in the midst of her last 
illness. Shortly after her death war broke out in the neigh 
bourhood, and about twenty refugees took shelter at the 
neat little mortuary house which had been erected over her 
remains. The poor wretches were all clubbed over her 
grave, and her tombstone was carried off that the savages 
might sharpen their axes upon it. The Rev. James S. H. 
Royce managed to recover it soon after his appointment to 
Rewa, but the house had fallen into utter decay, and he had 
difficulty in identifying the precise spot where Mrs. Cargill 
was laid to rest. But such things matter little. Margaret 
Cargill was a brave, patient, prayerful, whole-hearted 
Christian woman, whose name is still blessed, and whose 
work bore no small part in winning Christ s great victory 
over heathen cruelty in Fiji. 



MARY CRYER: 
Saint 



MARY CRYER : 
Saint. 



IN 1845 tne R GV - Alfred Barrett published that devotional 
classic, " Holy Living : Exemplified in the Life of 
Mrs. Mary Cryer," which has been so greatly blessed to 
many readers. Mary Cryer spent only fourteen months 
in India, but the fragrance of her piety still lingers around 
the scenes of her short but saintly life. Her parents were 
earnest Methodists at Stockton-on-Tees. There Mary 
Burton was born in September, 1811. Her uncle in a 
happy portrait describes the little maid of a year and nine 
months old as his " sweet, affectionate, kind-hearted, funny, 
sensible, spirited, though familiar, Mary Burton." 

She was a child of buoyant spirits, but, withal, reverent, 
prayerful, and a true lover of the Bible. Her clear and 
intelligent answers to Biblical questions often surprised her 
mother, and showed that God s Spirit was leading her into 
the way of truth. For a time she was wild and headstrong, 
but one night, after being reproved for some childish fault, 
she earnestly sought forgiveness, and became meek and 
obedient. One morning her mother heard her singing, 
as she rocked the cradle of her baby sister, some lines 
which had just come into her mind, 



18 MARY CRYER: 



"The hills and valleys all shall fade and wither; 
But where shall I go ? to my God or to the wicked spirit ? 
Oh ! let me see Thee face to face, array d in light, 
My God and my Creator ! " 

Mr. Barrett s account of Mary Cryer s childhood is 
certainly worthy to be framed beside Janeway s sketches 
in his "Tokens for Children." How much that lover of 
early piety would have delighted to tell of the little maid 
who would say, after passing through some sharp temptation : 
" O mother, I wish that I was in heaven, that I might not 
be tempted any more ! " " Why, my child," said her 
mother, "God is willing to keep you from the power of 
temptation, even whilst you are on earth." " Yes," said 
Mary, "yet still I should like best to be in heaven." 
Another scene is scarcely less interesting. The girl took 
great delight in reading the " Missionary Notices," and 
while seated on a little stool at her mother s feet, with the 
little pamphlet in her hands, the scalding tears would 
frequently run down her cheeks, whilst she said, " Oh that 
I might go and tell the poor heathen of the love of Jesus ! " 
The fire of devotion was thus first kindled in Mary Burton s 
heart. Her mother taught a little school, and under her 
care Mary soon made rapid progress in learning. The 
family had now removed to Darlington. There a sermon 
preached by Mr. Dungett, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, was 
greatly blessed to the girl of ten, who had lost some of her 
joy and peace amid the temptations of her school life. 
She joined her father s class, and was made very useful 
among her young friends. Failing health compelled her 
mother to give up teaching in 1823, so that Mary was sent 
to a boarding-school kept by a friend of the family. There 



THE MISSIONARY SAINT. 109 



she showed the true missionary spirit, and was greatly 
blessed to her companions. In her sixteenth year she 
became an earnest seeker after purity of heart, and began 
with redoubled ardour to cultivate every grace of Christian 
character. 

The years that followed were a time of happy labour. 
Sorrows came upon her in the death of her mother. Mrs. 
Burton was filled with gratitude as her daughter ministered 
to her both in body and soul during her long illness. She 
used to say to a friend, " I not only never saw, but never 
heard or read of such another." About eighteen months 
after his wife s death Mr. Burton moved to Leeds with his 
two daughters. Mary became governess to her uncle s 
children, and was appointed to meet a class of young 
people. At the beginning of 1836 she and her sister 
opened a school in their father s house. The following 
April he died, and the two girls and their brother were left 
alone. The next five years were full of happy labour in the 
school and in the Oxford Place Society. Mr. Barrett first 
met Miss Burton in 1840 on his appointment to Leeds. 
She was somewhat slender and very neatly dressed, with 
a lofty forehead and "an intense, though soft and shrinking 
eye." " He was favoured to behold a person combining 
qualities purely feminine, and much taste, much strength of 
understanding, with deep sanctity." It was a year later 
that the Rev. Thomas Cryer met Miss Burton on one 
of his visits to Leeds. He had been for ten years labouring 
as a missionary in India, and was now stationed at 
Dewsbury. The girl who had read the " Missionary 
Notices " with such delight was now a missionary secretary 
at Oxford Place. She seemed the very woman Mr. Cryer 



no MARY CRYER: 

needed as a companion in his work. The door for use 
fulness which Miss Burton had long wished to find seemed 
open. "I have, she told him, "from the first, felt as if 
I saw and heard my Master inviting me to a service of 
which I am utterly unworthy, but concerning which I can 
only say, If Thou wilt have it so, in Thy wondrous 
condescension, here I am, ready not to go only, but to die 
in India, for Thee, my Lord Jesus. Last evening I had 
much power to pray, not only that you might be blessed 
in your present work, but that we might be both baptized 
afresh with the Holy Ghost, and fully fitted you, for your 
awfully important and high and holy calling, and I for any 
subordinate service I can render to you, to Jesus, and to 
a sinful but ransomed world." A little later she writes : 
" May our God, as far as He can by us, in many years to 
come, give us the desire of our hearts, in the salvation of 
many a son and daughter of the East ! My heart loves 
India." As the day of her marriage drew near she rejoiced 
in the work opening out before her. " My heart is in the 
mission work ; my very soul burns with desire to be actually 
employed in it. Of the secret flame of love to the heathen 
world, enkindled in my childhood, I can truly say, Many 
waters have not quenched it, neither have the floods 
drowned it ; and at this moment I feel as if India were 
interwoven with my very existence." " Oh for India ! The 
teeming population of India ! The perishing souls of 
India ! " 

On February 3, 1842, Miss Dawson was married at 
Oxford Place Chapel. She and her husband set out at 
once for Dewsbury. But their hearts were in India, and it 
was with no little joy that they received a sudden summons 



THE MISSIONARY SAINT. in 

from the Mission House, in May, to prepare themselves 
for instant departure. On June 2 the Cryers took leave of 
their friends and set out for London. They stayed for a 
few days with Dr. Beecham, one of the general secretaries. 
On June 6 Mrs. Cryer visited her old friend, the Rev. 
Robert Ward, in Islington, and told one of his daughters, 
" I am resting on the strength of the Almighty ; for, of 
myself, I am utterly insufficient for this trial." A few hours 
later the missionary and his wife were on board the General 
Kyd bound for Madras. 

The fine vessel of fourteen hundred tons burden was 
taking out troops to India and China. There were nearly 
six hundred souls on board. The captain had distinctly 
told Mr. Cryer that he should conduct service every 
Sunday, as there was no chaplain with the troops. When 
the luggage was shipped, however, and the passage money 
paid, the owners informed our missionary that as he was 
not episcopally ordained they could not allow him to preach. 
By such stupid bigotry Mr. Cryer found himself gagged 
amid scenes of ungodliness and wickedness which tore his 
heart. After the first days of bustle Mrs. Cryer set herself 
to learn Tamil under her husband s guidance. The captain 
was a gentleman, and some of the cabin passengers were 
agreeable and well disposed, but most of their companions 
were gay and thoughtless, whilst the soldiers and sailors 
were openly and awfully ungodly. Amid all these loud 
calls for labour Mr. Cryer was ruthlessly silenced. The 
chief carpenter died of delirium tremens, and was buried 
at sea. Scolding, swearing, quarrelling, were heard on every 
hand. Mr. and Mrs. Cryer were allowed to share in 
teaching the children. The missionary took the big boys 



H2 MARY CRYER: 



on the quarter-deck, whilst his wife taught the youngsters 
who formed the " alphabet class," and then the girls in her 
cabin. "You may be sure," she says, " we do not confine 
ourselves to reading and spelling. Oh that the scattering 
of the good seed of the kingdom thus cast into juvenile 
minds, may spring up after many days, and bring forth 
fruit unto eternal life ! We have attempted, in weakness, 
to speak a word to the ladies of our party, and Mr. Cryer, 
to seme of the gentlemen ; but, oh ! how opposed to God 
and religion is the carnal mind ! We are indeed as speckled 
birds here ! Happy for us that the Lord Jehovah is on 
our side." Sundays were a great trial. Thirty people at 
the dinner-tableall talking about wages, voyages, and 
prices, raising their voices as the noise increased, and the 
wine went round, till it was worse than a tavern. The 
Cryers did all that they could to set a Christian example, 
but with little apparent success. One day a poor fellow fell 
overboard. He was an awful swearer, and a companion 
had been reproving him five or six minutes before for 
his profanity. Half-a-dozen men jumped into the water 
to rescue him, but he was never seen again. 

It was a great comfort to land at Rio Janeiro and attend 
a religious service. For some days Mr. and Mrs. Cryer 
vainly searched for a single person with whom they might 
feel something like sympathy. " All was darkness, folly, 
and Romish superstition." "A day or two before they 
sailed they found a family who were Wesleyans, and had 
lived in Cornwall. Mr. Cryer said it was like meeting with 
a fountain of water in a dry and thirsty land." 

On October 5 they landed safely at Madras. The surf 
ran high, but after " one or two good rolls which seemed to 



THE MISSIONARY SAINT. 113 



be turning them sideways out of the deep boat," they found 
themselves settled on the sand, and were soon borne to the 
beach in a chair. On the highroad the palankeen carriage 
was waiting to take them the three miles to the neat and 
pretty mission-house at Royapettah. 

In those days the claims of our work in all parts of the 
world had been so heavy that Methodist missions in India 
were almost confined to the south of that vast empire. We 
had preaching in Tamil and English at Madras, Negapatam, 
and Bangalore ; at Manargoody and Melnattam in the Tan- 
jore country ; and Canarese missions in Bangalore, Mysore, 
Goobee, and Coonghul. Mr. Cryer was to remain in 
Madras till the District Meeting. He found a temporary 
home, and began to preach in the adjacent villages. On 
November i a little daughter was born. Mrs. Cryer was 
left nearly alone, but was able to resume her household 
duties within thirteen days. At the District Meeting Mr. 
Cryer s station was fixed for Manargoody. He had been 
hoping to go to Bangalore, where he had spent three of the 
happiest and most successful years of his life, but he had to 
take up his residence among the heathen, where there was 
no European society or any English service. It was no 
small trial, yet when Mr. Cryer might have turned the 
scale in favour of Bangalore he refrained from doing so. 
Husband and wife bowed themselves to the will of God. 

They reached Manargoody on January 26, 1843. The 
vessel in which they sent their luggage was wrecked, but 
with the exception of Mr. Cryer s Tamil manuscripts and a 
few books, their property suffered no injury. Mrs. Cryer 
wrote : " Our journey down was trying and hazardous, 
heavy and almost constant rains, unexpected at this time of 



H4 MARY CRYER: 



the year, made the roads nearly impassable. The palankeen- 
bearers had to wade in deep water or mire most of the way. 
Mr. Cryer, on his pony, was soaked through again and 
again ; and though the rivers were swollen as much as in 
the monsoon, we had no way of crossing some of them 
save on chatty rafts (a raft supported by empty water-vessels) 
or old crazy boats." It was only two hundred and forty 
miles, but the journey took a fortnight, and all the party, 
especially the little baby, suffered much from the damp. 
At their new home they found themselves surrounded by 
heathen temples, and by idol and devil worship. There 
was no medical man within twenty-five miles. Fortunately, 
the humble thatched bungalow was surrounded by a large 
garden, and the Cryers were in good health. There were 
some trying moments. A snake fell from the verandah 
close to their feet, and another was found in a little tuft 
of grass. Mr. Cryer killed them both with a stick. One 
evening an officer s child, who was walking with Mrs. Cryer, 
and holding her hand, stepped upon a snake. Mrs. Cryer 
snatched him back, and Mr. Hardy killed the " palombo." 
The missionary, surrounded by idolatry, denounced its 
worship to a deeply attentive crowd, who gazed on him with 
glistening eyes as he urged them to forsake these vanities. 
There were eleven day schools under his charge. His 
chapels or schoolrooms were little thatched buildings with 
mud walls. At one place the children squatted round him 
like a swarm of bees, the men stood packed together, whilst 
those who could not crowd in, looked through the space 
between the walls and the roof. Mr. Cryer had many visits 
from the Brahmins, but fear of losing caste made them 
unwilling to take any decisive step. 



THE MISSIONARY SAINT. ir5 

Manargoody was at this time a town with nineteen 
thousand inhabitants, five thousand of whom were Brahmins. 
Our mission there had been started in 1835, when Mr. 
Cryer shared his time between it and Negapatam. The 
great temple to Rajah Goppal, or Vishnu, was only a mile 
away, and its eight towers were plainly seen from the 
mission compound. Mrs. Cryer was busy with her Tamil 
in all the moments of leisure she could snatch from other 
duties, and soon made no mean progress. She was always 
longing for the time when she might become a blessing to 
the women and children. The call was daily sounding in 
her ears. On May 14, she says, " This morning, on my 
way to the chapel, I passed through an idol procession ; 
and when I reached the preaching-room, I found all con 
fusion. Many of the heathen connected with the pro 
cession were in the room. Some were running out to see 
the vain pageant, and others laughing and shouting, so 
that it was some time before the catechist could begin, or 
obtain a hearing. During the service they were coming in 
and going out, as they often do, or talking and scornfully 
laughing. They appeared to have brought the very spirit 
of the procession into the preaching-room. At the same 
time many were noisy outside, and others placed their 
faces over the top of the wall (between it and the thatch), 
to see and hear without being among us. I am more and 
more convinced that nothing will reach the case of these 
people but a mighty outpouring of the Holy Ghost." Mrs. 
Cryer was constantly praying for the salvation of India. 
She speaks of one "season of remarkable power, and light, 
and liberty, and strong confidence in prayer," when she 
pleaded for the conversion of its people. She was often 



n6 MARY CRYER: 



alone amid the mass of heathenism, but her faith did not 
fail. In July she went with her husband to the examina 
tion of the school in Negapatam, and next month to 
Trichinopoly to visit the Society, and secure medical 
advice for Mr. Cryer, whose health was feeble. The 
little girl was also seriously ill, but her life was mercifully 
spared. 

Meanwhile the work was going on. One evening Mrs. 
Cryer and her friend, Mrs. Batchelor, who had come over 
on a visit, went to the little mission chapel. It was one of 
the great heathen festivals, and processions of dancing girls, 
musicians, and men in masks were continually passing along 
with gilded banners and noisy crowds. Mr. Cryer had 
hard work to make himself heard, and many of his con 
gregation kept running out when any fresh sight was to 
be seen. They had one consolation ; Mr. Cryer had 
never known such readiness to hear the truth before. 
Some were very scornful, but the missionary had learnt the 
art of forbearance. No interruption seemed to irritate him. 
Mrs. Cryer told her sister in November, " British Christians 
have no idea what idolatry is : what it does for, in, and by, its 
votaries. Oh, it is an awful masterpiece of Satan s policy, 
by which he is holding millions spell-bound ! Pray much 
for us and for India. The thoroughly barbarous and un 
taught tribes of Africa and America have not half the 
obstruction in their way to the cross of Christ that these 
people have. Here they have learning, of its kind ; many 
of them have wealth ; they are metaphysical and subtle ; 
almost all can read ; and they are bolstered up in pride and 
self-satisfaction, in different degrees, according to their 
different castes. . . . Pray for me, for us, and for India. 



THE MISSIONARY SAINT. 117 

We shall soon have done with earth s joys and griefs, toils 
and changes. Oh may we meet above." 

Long before this letter reached England Mrs. Cryer was 
at rest. She had not been well for some time, but it was 
only a temporary ailment, so that her husband set out for 
Trichinopoly to visit the Society. During his absence Mrs. 
Cryer was seized with cholera. Mr. Batchelor, their 
colleague at Negapatam, came over with an apothecary, 
and Mr. Cryer was summoned home in haste. He reached 
Manargoody in time, but all skill proved unavailing. In a 
few hours he found himself a solitary mourner on his lonely 
mission station with his motherless babe. We still seem to 
stand by that bed of pain as we read Mary Cryer s story. 
When suffering greatly, she said, " Oh, it is a hard thing to 
die ! My pains are increasing ! Oh, it is a hard thing to 
die ! O, Jesus, deliver me ! have mercy upon me ! Lord 
Jesus, Thou Lamb of God, have mercy upon me ! " When 
her sufferings grew lighter she said, " Oh, it is delightful to 
be with the Lord ! " Some one asked about her state of 
mind, and she answered, " Rest, rest in Jesus ! Precious 
Jesus ! " 

Thus lived and died one of the saints of our Indian 
mission field. Mary Cryer was only thirty-one, but her 
short life was one of lofty consecration. The story of her 
devotion to Christ and His work is her legacy to the Church 
she loved. If the sons and daughters of Methodism catch 
that fire from her touching biography, India will never 
lack missionaries to bring her millions to the feet of Christ, 



HELEN SAKER 
Hn<> the Camcroons Mission, 



HELEN SAKER 
fr tbe (Bamcrocms 



WHEN Helen Jessup, of Wrotham, in Kent, married 
Alfred Saker in February, 1840, she did not dream 
that her life was to be spent in the service of the Baptist 
Mission in Africa. Her husband had been born in the 
small hamlet of Borough Green, where his father was a mill 
wright and engineer. At ten years of age he left the 
National School to enter his father s workshop. His eager 
thirst for knowledge led him to fill his leisure hours with 
study, whilst every spare penny went to secure the books 
and instruments that might help him in his struggle for 
self-improvement. On the death of his father he secured a 
place in the Devonport Dockyard, whence he w r as sent to 
Deptford to superintend the erection of machinery. In 
later life Mr. Saker used often to tell how he had gone 
to Sevenoaks as a boy of sixteen to assist a millwright 
there. One Sunday evening he was strolling alone through 
the street, when his attention was arrested by the singing in 
Thomas Shirley s chapel. He went in, and was that night 

* " Alfred Saker, Missionary to Africa." By E. B. Underbill. LL.D. 
(Alexander & Shepheard, 1884.) 

121 



122 HELEN SAKER 



led to Christ. Mr. Shirley himself was away, and the con 
vert never knew the name of the preacher or had the joy of 
telling him how God had blessed his message. He became 
an earnest worker in the Baptist Sunday school at Borough 
Green and a lay-preacher in the surrounding villages. 

His heart had already turned towards Africa, but it was 
not till three years after his marriage that the way to service 
there opened. Some liberated slaves in Jamaica felt a 
strong desire to carry the gospel to the homes whence they 
had been torn into slavery. With true heroism they began 
a mission in the Dark Continent, but their want of training 
and lack of resources soon caused the enterprise to languish, 
and the Baptist Missionary Committee had to step in to save 
it from extinction. In 1842 two pioneers sent out by the 
Society came to England. They had started a mission at 
Clarence, on the island of Fernando Po. This station was 
nearly opposite the mouth of the Cameroons River, which 
gave ready access to the interior of the Continent. When 
Dr. Prince and Mr. Clarke reached P^ngland they were able 
to report that five persons had been baptized, numerous 
enquirers gathered into a catechumen class, and a school of 
seventy children formed. 

Whilst Mr. Saker listened to the appeals of these 
pioneers he saw that the opportunity he had long coveted 
was come. His wife encouraged him to offer himself for 
the mission, and in August, 1843, Mr. and Mrs. Saker, with 
their little daughter Eliza, set sail from Portsmouth for 
Jamaica in order to join the missionary band for Fernando 
Po. They were imprisoned for eight weeks in a small 
vessel. Provisions were bad and the accommodation so 
scanty that Mr. Saker was forced to sleep on the floor of the 



AND THE CAMEROONS MISSION. 123 



saloon. But the long and weary weeks were not wasted. 
An Adeeyah vocabulary and a Houssa grammar were 
diligently studied so that the Africans might hear the word 
of God in their own language. Mr. and Mrs. Saker spent 
six happy weeks in Jamaica, collecting the negro converts 
who were to be their helpers, and making all arrangements 
for the mission. Valedictory services were held in various 
parts of the island, and the greatest interest was shown in 
the work by all classes. On December i, 1843, tne Chil- 
mark sailed with her noble party of workers and emigrants, 
who numbered nearly fifty, including children. Classes 
were formed on board to instruct the Jamaica contingent in 
the duties that lay before them. Services were held every 
day, and much patient study of the language was carried 
on. At noon on February 20, 1844, the vessel dropped 
anchor in Clarence Cove. Before night every arrangement 
had been made for temporary quarters, and the whole 
company joined their friends at the mission-house in a 
thanksgiving service. On the following Sunday the place 
was crowded with a thoughtful and attentive congregation, 
eager to hear Mr. Saker and his companion Mr. Clarke. 
Three years before these very people had been "given up 
to work all wickedness greedily." 

The Sakers soon had ample experience of the trials of 
missionary life in Africa. Their first dwelling was a native 
hut standing on a mound of earth. It had no windows, 
and its walls were made of split bamboo. The wood ants 
destroyed the contents of their clothes chest, a tornado 
tore off the palm-leaf roof of their house, so that all their 
things were drenched with rain. Mr. Saker was laid low 
with fever four times in twenty days. Five days after their 



124 HELEN SAKER 



arrival their second girl was born. The mother was often 
ill with fever, and her baby suffered greatly. Three months 
later it was laid to rest in a little cemetery formed out of 
part of the mission-house garden. Husband and wife 
toiled on. Mr. Saker had to superintend the erection of 
five houses for the mission staff besides teaching the natives 
every day. Food ran short. At the end of the year all 
the necessaries of life were wanting. No biscuit, no flour, 
no sugar, no butter, no meat of any kind, except sometimes 
a fowl, a squirrel, or piece of good mutton. Even their 
store of yams was running low. But, though several times 
on the verge of starvation, the Sakers bore their privations 
with thankful hearts. No murmur was heard in their home. 
In March, 1845, reinforcements arrived from England, 
bringing ample stores and a mission vessel called the Dove. 
Next month Mr. and Mrs. Saker set out to explore a 
district up the Cameroons, which seemed just the place 
for a new station. After passing through the mangrove 
swamps which line both sides of the river mouth, they 
found low cliffs of rich, red-brown earth rising from the 
sandy beach. Shrubs and trees grew freely here, and native 
settlements were marked by the canoes and traders sheds 
along the waterside. In June Mr. Saker returned to 
establish a permanent settlement in King A kwa s town. 
He set the natives to add two rooms to a house that he 
hired of the king. It had been built by a trader a few 
months before for A kwa s own use, and had one apartment 
twenty-one feet by fifteen. The new rooms were constructed 
of bamboo mats and rods. Such was the home which 
Mrs. Saker found ready for her when she arrived at the 
end of the month in company with Miss Stewart and two 



AND THE CAMEROONS MISSION. 125 



other missionaries. There was little hope of personal com 
fort ; but Mr. Saker was able to give an encouraging account 
of the eagerness of the people to receive instruction. On 
the previous Sunday he had visited one of the villages 
lying back in the bush. " Here," he says, " we had a 
meeting which, I think, I shall never forget. As I ex 
plained the design of Christ s mission into our world, and 
illustrated His divine power by His miracles, and His love 
by His freely giving Himself to death for us, the astonish 
ment and manifested surprise of these people is past my 
power of utterance. About one hundred and fifty, old 
and young, sat in a circle before me, with an attention 
surpassed by no congregation at home. To me it was an 
hour of hallowed feeling." 

The Sakers now learned what heathenism really was. 
King A kwa was suffering from a mortal illness, so that his 
authority was set at naught. Every one did what he chose. 
Cruelty and revenge were rife. Some of the best people, 
who were traders, tried to maintain order. They showed 
much kindness to Mr. and Mrs. Saker, and eagerly listened 
to the gospel. No one had seen a book, tools and agri 
cultural implements were unknown. Mrs. Saker tells a 
story which reveals the real character of the people. "One 
of our first converts, a woman called Anna, was on the way 
to chapel one Sabbath morning. On passing the egbo 
house (where the men practise their superstitious rites) she 
heard the cries of women. On pushing the door open she 
saw two women hanging by their wrists from the roof of 
the house, and being rubbed all over with a kind of herb 
that produces a fearful irritation. The cries of the poor 
creatures were most distressing. Anna begged they would 



126 HELEN SAKER 



untie them. They instantly seized her and tied her in the 
same way, rubbing the same herb on her. We did not 
hear of it for nearly six hours. Some of our young men, 
with Mr. H. Johnson, immediately went to the rescue. 
They had to fight their way in, but at length succeeded 
in bringing Anna away. She had been one of our brightest 
women, but from that day she was an " idiot." The chief 
Dido cruelly killed one of his wives and a slave. Another 
slave was bound and thrown into the river, but managed 
to get loose, swam ashore, and fled into the bush. Such 
illustrations of heathenism at their very doors made the 
Sakers more eager in their effort to lift up these degraded 
savages. 

They had scarcely been a month in Bethel, as they 
called their station, before A kwa died. His two elder 
sons now quarrelled about the succession ; the king s houses 
were rifled, and the town given up to plunder. In October 
the mission premises were invaded. Knives, books, spoons, 
table linen, and the precious flour, on which life depended, 
were carried off. In the midst of the troubles A kwa s fifty 
sons assembled with the chiefs to treat about the sale of 
Mr. Saker s cottage. The price was soon settled, but the 
natives disputed as to the division of the cloth and goods, 
and tried to force Mr. Saker to give them more. Three 
days after the purchase had been completed a large force 
of A kwa s sons and slaves, armed with guns, sticks, and 
swords, came to demand possession of the house. One 
son split the door into three pieces with his axe. Eight 
days later another assault caused the serious illness of 
Mrs. Saker and her child. Some chiefs interfered, and 
order was restored, but it was a long time before the 



AND THE CAMEROONS MISSION. 127 



missionaries felt themselves safe. In December the English 
naval officers on the coast helped the elder brother to win 
the succession, and a better state of things prevailed. 

Amid these troubles Mr. Saker was busy with transla 
tion work. He had prepared a first Dualla class-book by 
January, 1846, and had resolved to translate the whole 
Bible into that language. In May he tells his sister how- 
crowded with labours the past twelve months had been. 
Then he did not understand anything about Dualla, and 
had only a one-roomed house. Now he had made con 
siderable headway with the language, and had built a 
substantial storehouse for boxes, barrels, and provisions, 
which he had erected after a month s labour. He and 
his wife had not been two months absent on account of 
sickness, and were in better health than when the year 
opened. He reminded her that lie was living among people 
whose character was accurately described in the first chapter 
of the Epistle to the Romans. 

The next two years were full of anxieties. Sometimes 
no one would come to the services, then the king would 
appear with a few of his chiefs and attendants, but would 
behave as though he cared neither for the preacher nor 
his message. A few children came fitfully to school. The 
natives tried to frighten the teachers away. Leaves of 
poisonous trees were laid in Mr. Saker s path, with the 
hope that the touch of his foot would stimulate their 
poisonous properties and destroy his life. The people 
were inveterate thieves, so that the mission premises were 
never safe. Mr. Saker was often ill, and his wife was worn 
down by fatigue, privation, and anxiety. Sometimes stores 
failed, and the mission family was reduced to great distress. 



128 HELEN SAKER: 



In February, 1847, Mr - Saker was obliged to send his 
wife and daughter to England. They were both so ill 
that he feared they might not live to reach this country. 
He himself stayed on, overwhelmed with duties from five 
in the morning till eight or nine at night. He bent his 
energies to his translation of the gospels, fearing that his 
health might fail before it was finished. Meanwhile Mrs. 
Saker was gaining strength in England. In February, 
1849, sne was a & a i n m Africa. She says, " I cannot describe 
how anxious I felt for many days before, but especially as 
we approached the island. I could not tell what lay before 
me ; whether my dear husband was living or dead, sick 
or in health." Mr. Saker was even more anxious. For 
days he had been watching for the first appearance of 
the Dove. Sunday school had just closed one afternoon 
in February when it was announced that the ship was in 
sight. Mr. Saker got a boat, and was soon on board. His 
wife had been so much overcome by excitement that she 
had to go below, but all was well. The one hundred and 
third Psalm was read, and all bowed before God in thanks 
giving for His mercies. Mr. Saker s heart was at Bethel, 
but the failure of other workers had compelled him to 
remain at Clarence. He hoped that the arrival of the band 
of helpers from Europe would set him free to return to 
the Cameroons. But he soon found this to be impossible. 
He had to content himself with an occasional visit to assist 
the two coloured brethren who were in charge there. In 
November he went to Bethel to baptise a Dualla convert. 
His wife and Miss Vitou accompanied him. Dr. and 
Mrs. Newbegin joined the party at Bimbia. For two days 
they struggled against a fearful tornado, but in the evening 



AND THE CAMEROONS MISSION. 129 

of the second day they got safe to Bethel. Next day the 
first convert was baptized in the river, and a little church 
was formed. There were more than twenty enquirers, and 
the chapel, which held two hundred people, was thronged. 
Mr. Saker says, "The ferocious, demoniacal features are 
assuming the softness of children, and those who, a little 
time since, sought my life, are saying to me, What shall 
I do to be saved ? Such signs of grace greatly cheered 
Mr. and Mrs. Saker. They laboured zealously till the 
following March, when Mr. Saker s health made it necessary 
for them to return to England. 

News soon followed them that Dr. Newbegin had fallen 
a victim to the climate. He was the fifth worker lost 
during the ten years of mission work. But Mr. Saker was 
not unnerved or dismayed. He wrote to remind the 
Missionary Society that a hundred converts had been won. 
Eight native teachers were at work. "A transformation 
unspeakably valuable and almost unprecedented " had been 
wrought at Clarence. Mr. and Mrs. Saker expressed their 
readiness to return to Fernando Po, and before the year 
was out they were eagerly welcomed back to Clarence. 

The mission at Bethel was prospering. Five converts 
were baptized, bricks were made, and new houses sub 
stituted for the frail structures which had been at the mercy 
of the white ants. A great thirst for the truth seemed to 
fill all hearts. The parables of our Lord were a continual 
feast to the natives. The church now numbered twenty 
members, and there were twenty-five enquirers. After 
three years happy work Mrs. Saker s health utterly broke 
down, and in February, 1854, she was compelled to return 
to England with her little boy. Next year Mr Saker s 

9 



130 HELEN SAKER 



strength gave way, and he had to follow her. He was only 
a few months at home, but the rest and change sent him 
and his wife back again with fresh courage to their work. 
The little church at Bethel was growing. A trained female 
teacher had come from Sierra Leone to take charge of the 
school. At Bell Town, near to Bethel, the native mis 
sionary and his wife were exposed to much ill-treatment 
from an angry mob, but Mr. Saker managed to rescue 
them from their persecutors. His victory over five thousand 
heathen was a notable sign that the public conscience was 
on his side. Mr. Saker was making rapid progress with 
his Bible translation. But the chief event of this period 
was the formation of a new settlement at Victoria. Clarence 
belonged to the Spaniards, and in 1858, through Jesuit 
influence, the Baptists were forbidden to hold any public 
service there. Protest was useless. The Christian natives, 
therefore, resolved to find a new home rather than give 
up their religious liberty. The burden of conducting the 
enterprise fell on Mr. Saker s shoulders. He chose the 
site, showed the exiles how to build new houses, and 
toiled day and night that the enterprise might be crowned 
with success. In 1860 he was compelled to return to 
England in order to confer with the committee as to the 
conduct of the Spaniards at Fernando Po. His wife 
remained at Bethel. War broke out among the tribes on 
the river, and the mission family were horrified to see the 
head and arms of a native, who had been killed, borne 
through the settlement. Women and children were kid 
napped by traders. " One day," says Mrs. Saker, " our 
native teacher N kwe brought home a poor creature from 
the town where he preaches on the Sabbath, to whom 



AND THE CAMEROONS MISSION. 131 

the people had given the poison drink. A chiefs child 
had died, and, as two or three of her own children had 
also died, she was accused of witchcraft. These things do 
not occur so frequently as a few years ago, but they are 
very sad. I gave her medicine, and she recovered. This 
is the third we have been enabled to save from death since 
I came from England last year." In another letter she 
writes, " A day or two after, the mothers from the town were 
running to me begging me to take their little girls and 
to rescue their chief, who was in irons. The people had 
sent slaves for his redemption, but the trader refused to 
take any but girls. I cannot tell you, dear sir, the grief 
of my heart to see the poor creatures, and to remember 
that a white man, an Englishman, was causing all this 
sorrow. I rescued three children. Two are still with me ; 
one I was obliged to give up to the woman who brought 
her, for men surrounded the house in search for her." 

In June, 1862, Mr. Saker completed his version of the 
New Testament. Two hundred copies were printed and 
put into the hands of the young people and others who 
could read. Meetings were held four evenings in the week 
to read and explain the Scriptures. On Sunday Miss Saker 
conducted one meeting for reading and prayer in the interval 
of public worship. Mr. Smith, their colleague, had charge 
of another. It is interesting to note that in 1882 Miss 
Emily Saker, the youngest daughter, carried a new edition 
of her father s version through the press. Three years 
before she had given herself to the mission work which lay 
so near her father s and mother s heart. 

In December, 1861, Mr. Saker made an ascent of the 
Cameroons Mountains with Captain Burton and two other 



I 3 2 



HELEN SAKER 



gentlemen. Burton refers gratefully to the hospitality 
shown him by the " kindly Mrs. Saker." The following 
August she was compelled to return to England with her 
daughter. Both were worn out by toil and ill-health. Miss 
Saker had taken charge of the school, and had devoted 
much time to teaching the women, among whom she was a 
kind of informal pastor. She was one in heart and soul 
with her mother in all that concerned the mission. The 
whole family were enthusiastic workers. Mr. Saker stayed 
at his post for another year, then he joined his wife and 
daughter in England. 

Twelve months sojourn in this country restored his 
strength. In September, 1864, he and his wife set sail 
from Liverpool with their three daughters and a new 
colleague the Rev. Q. W. Thompson. They found the 
mission at Bethel growing, and were soon over head and 
ears in duties of every kind. In 1868 the version of the 
Old Testament was practically finished. Mrs. Saker had 
been compelled to come back to England with her girls, 
and in 1869 Mr. Saker joined them. Dr. Underbill, who 
returned with him at the end of the year to report on 
the state of the mission, described Mr. Saker as " among 
the greatest of modern missionaries of the Cross." The 
heroic worker toiled on for seven years longer, only coming 
for a short rest to England in 1874. At the end of 1876 he 
had to bid farewell to the work he loved, and join Mrs. 
Saker in England. He was worn to skin and bone, and his 
constitution was utterly broken. For three years he did 
good service at home, stimulating missionary zeal in many 
churches, and working at his Dualla vocabulary and 
grammar. In 1879 Emily Saker took her father s and 



AND THE CAMEROONS MISSION. 133 

mother s place in Africa, and proved herself a most efficient 
successor. In the early part of 1880 Mr. Saker s strength 
failed. One morning, when his wife entered his room, he 
asked, " My dear, cannot we have a few words of prayer 
together ? " She says, " He prayed such a prayer as I had 
never heard. I often wish I could recall some of it, but I 
cannot. I felt, Truly God is here. " Three days later 
Alfred Saker passed to his reward. His last words were 
" For Thou art with me." David Livingstone paid him a 
high tribute. "Take it all in all," he said, "specially 
having regard to its many-sided character, the work of 
Alfred Saker at Cameroons and at Victoria is, in my judg 
ment, the most remarkable on the African coast. " Mrs. 
Saker died at Lewisham on January 31, 1886, and was 
buried by her husband s side in Nunhead Cemetery. The 
man s work is the woman s memorial. Helen Saker urged 
her husband to leave Devonport for Africa, and toiled at 
his side amid peril and privation, the best helper and com 
forter he ever had. To every department of the mission 
she rendered constant service, but her chief care was given 
to the women and children. She rescued them from 
slavery, nursed them in sickness, clothed them, taught 
them to sew, trained their children in Christian truth and 
duty. She was sometimes left alone among the heathen in 
grave peril, but she never lost her happy confidence in 
divine care or failed to show a bright and happy spirit 
Their names must always be linked together as an inspira 
tion to service for Christ and the heathen. 

Since Germany took possession of that part of Africa the 
Cameroons and Victoria Missions have been transferred to 
the Bale Society, under whom the work is prospering. 



134 HELEN SAKER. 



The native churches have formed themselves into indepen 
dent communities, supporting their own pastors, building 
their own chapels, and endeavouring to evangelise the 
districts beyond. Miss Saker was transferred to India in 
1888, and is now labouring at Dacca. 



ANNA HINDERER 
5n tbe 32omba Country. 




YORUBA MUSICIANS. 



ANNA HINDERER* 
5n tbe HJoruba Country 

ANNA MARTIN was born at Hcmpsall, in Norfolk, on 
March 19, 1827. Her mother died when she was 
only five, but Anna never forgot her white face with large, 
bright, blue eyes lying on the pillow. The little maid 
could only be allowed in the invalid s room twice a day ; 
and when she was not sitting by her mother s bed she 
found a pleasant place on the low, broad window-seat, 
where she learned to sew, receiving a strawberry after every 
ten stitches had been safely accomplished. The mother s 
last breath was spent in singing some lines of a favourite 
hymn 

" I want, oh, I want to be there, 
Where sorrow and sin bid adieu ! " 

Trying years followed the death of her mother ; but when 
Anna was twelve, she went to live in Lowestoft with her 
grandfather and an aunt. The girl loved Sunday above 
every day of the week, and greatly enjoyed the services 
in the fine old church. She soon felt that it would be 



* "Seventeen Years in the Yoruba Country/ (Religious Tract 
Society.) 

137 



ANNA HINDERER 



11 an immense pleasure " to teach a few little scholars in 
the Sunday school, but was afraid that the vicar s wife 
would think a girl of twelve too young and too small for 
such an honour. One day, however, after passing Mrs. 
Cunningham three times, she ventured to make her re 
quest. She never forgot the smile with which her petition 
was welcomed. Next morning at eight o clock she began 
her work. Snow was lying thickly on the ground, but she 
was well repaid when six little children were committed 
to her care. This was the beginning of her work for 
Christ. By-and-by Mrs. Cunningham invited her to tea 
on Sunday afternoon. The friendship grew until she 
found a happy home at the vicarage. She helped the vicar 
with his letters, journals, and extracts. For some years 
she kept the parish registers and other official records. 
Mrs. Cunningham was one of the Norwich Gurneys, sister 
to Elizabeth Fry, and loved to surround herself with friends 
and parishioners. Idleness and self-indulgence found no 
encouragement at the vicarage. It was a hive of industry 
from morning till night. Best of all, both the vicar and 
his wife had that grace of heavenly-mindedness which made 
fellowship with them a blessing to all their friends. Miss 
Martin can scarcely have had any leisure moments during 
the happy years that she spent at the vicarage. Her bright, 
energetic, and obliging ways made her a general favourite 
with the guests. She had charge of one of the largest 
and most needy districts in the town, whilst a class of 
ragged and neglected children, which she formed when 
she was only fourteen, grew into a Sunday school of more 
than two hundred. Of this she was superintendent. Yet 
amid all other duties she devoted an hour every Sunday 



IN THE YORUBA COUNTRY. 139 



to the boys in the workhouse. Sunday hymn-singing be 
tween five-o clock tea and seven-o clock service were an 
institution at the vicarage. The household, pupil teachers, 
and others formed the choir ; Mrs. Cunningham played the 
piano and led the singing ; Miss Martin was the leading 
second. 

These bright days were a happy preparation for later 
times of toil on the mission field. On October 14, 1852, 
Miss Martin was married to the Rev. David Hinderer, 
a native of Schorndorf, in the kingdom of Wurtemberg. 
He had been labouring since 1848 as one of the Church 
Missionary Society s agents in Yoruba. Miss Martin s life 
at home was really that of a missionary, but a great longing 
to labour among the heathen filled her heart. She felt 
that sooner or later the door would be opened for her. 
The fine old church at Lowestoft was thronged from end 
to end at her marriage. An affectionate and impressive 
little speech from Mrs. Cunningham at the wedding break 
fast was not soon forgotten by the guests. In December, 
1852, Mr. and Mrs. Hinderer embarked at Plymouth for 
their station in West Africa. The Yoruba country, with 
three million inhabitants, stretches inland from the Bight 
of Benin to within forty miles of the Niger. The Church 
Missionary Society had only one station in the interior, 
that of Abeokuta; but before Mr. Hinderer returned to 
England he had visited Ibadan, a city of one hundred 
thousand inhabitants, which lay fifty miles to the north 
east of Abeokuta. 

The arrival of the first white man ever seen there created 
great excitement. Mr. Hinderer returned home to urge 
his Society to enter this field before the Mohammedans 



ANNA HINDERER 



had embittered the natives against Christianity. The 
result was his appointment to Ibadan. A week after they 
reached Lagos Mrs. Hinderer was prostrated by a sharp 
attack of African fever. It only lasted a week, but when 
she got up her limbs tottered and trembled fearfully. Mr. 
and Mrs. Hinderer travelled by canoe to Abeokuta. " There 
was much to enjoy," she wrote ; " the scenery was magni 
ficent, such banks, foliage, flowers, scented shrubs, exquisite 
little birds red, purple, orange, yellow, green besides 
plenty of chattering monkeys and parrots. The nights were 
the time of trial, yet we had the moon, and a most brilliant 
one it was, to cheer us." Large fires were lit to keep off 
the wild beasts, but the insects were Mrs. Hinderer s worst 
enemies. They effectually prevented her from closing her 
eyes. Their home at Abeokuta was a house left vacant by 
missionaries then in England. White ants had eaten holes 
in the floor and walls, spiders as large as the palm of one s 
hand and other insects infested the place. The newcomers 
made things as comfortable as they could, and then sat down 
to tea laughing heartily over their first attempt at house 
keeping. Mrs. Hinderer s exertions brought back the fever, 
which proved far worse than the attack at Lagos. While 
she was still so weak that she could scarcely lift up her 
hand to her head her husband was taken ill. He was 
delirious all day. They were quite alone. The boys did 
their best to keep order outside and to bring them what 
they needed, which was little more than cold water. 
Gradually the sufferers gathered strength, and began to 
feel themselves at home in Abeokuta. The town is built 
among high hills and picturesque granite rocks. It is 
surrounded by clay walls, and clusters round a mass of 



IN THE YORUBA COUNTRY. 141 

rock from which it takes its name Abeokuta, or under 
the stone. 

Mrs. Cunningham sent out a harmonium, which amazed 
and delighted young and old. The people gathered round 
the house in force, eyes and mouth wide open. On Sunday 
evening the room was filled, and an hour and a half passed 
away pleasantly in singing. A great war chief tried to play, 
but could not produce a sound. He concluded that it was 
white people alone who could do anything great. Only the 
lya, or mother, could make wood and ivory speak with her 
fingers. A fearful fire now broke out in the town, which 
speedily destroyed two hundred native houses. The 
missionary s home had a thatched roof, and though men 
and boys stood on it with water and boughs of trees to ward 
off the sparks, it seemed at one time as though it could not 
escape. Mr. Hinderer took his wife away to some distance 
for safety, but before dark he came back with the joyful 
tidings that the fire was out and their house untouched. 
More serious troubles soon befell them. Their colleague, 
Mr. Paley, died, and his young widow, broken down her 
self by fever and dysentery, returned to England. Two 
other workers were also prostrate, so that the strain of 
nursing fell heavily on the Hinderers. 

On April 25, 1853, they were at last able to set out for 
Ibadan. Mrs. Hinderer was carried part of the way in a 
hammock. The rest and the cradle-like motion did her 
good after the last fatiguing weeks at Abeokuta. A pleasant 
journey brought them to the scene of their future work. 
Men, women, and children screamed : " The white man is 
come ! " and followed them to their house with curious 
shouts and noises. " All seemed perfectly bewildered 



142 ANNA HIND E RE R 

horses, sheep, goats, did not know where or which way to 
go; even the pigeons looked ready to exclaim, what is 
happening? The people were good and kind enough to 
let us enter our house by ourselves, but many, many of 
them stood round about till sunset, just to catch a glimpse 
of the wonderful white woman ; and every time I appeared, 
down they went on the ground, rubbing their hands, and 
saying, Alafia, Alarm, peace, peace. " For the rest of the 
year the Hinderers lived in a native house, made up of one 
long room, thirty feet by six, with two wings, each divided 
into two rooms. These, besides serving as kitchen and 
store, had to provide accommodation for their helper, 
Mr. Kefer, with the schoolmaster and catechist. They 
divided their own long strip into two halves, which soon 
grew homelike. The place had neither doors nor windows, 
and the grass roof harboured many noxious insects. One 
night Mr. Hinderer rose in haste to discover the cause of 
some rustling noise, and put his foot on a venomous serpent, 
whose bite might easily have been fatal if it had turned upon 
him. The Ibadan houses were built round a square court 
open to the sky. A doorway leading into the street formed 
the only break in their monotonous mud fronts. The 
streets were diversified by sheds which served as shops, 
with here and there an orisha or idol house. At intervals 
were open market places shaded by trees. A brisk trade 
was carried on in farm produce and numerous products of 
native manufacture. When Mr. Hinderer asked the chief 
what he was to pay for a piece of ground, he answered with 
a laugh, " Pay, who pays for the ground ? All the ground 
belongs to God ; you cannot pay for it." Indian corn and 
yams were the staple products, but guinea corn, beans, 



IN THE YORUBA COUNTRY. 143 

ground-nuts, cassada, and cotton were also cultivated, 
Mrs. Hinderer, as usual, found her sphere among the 
children, who soon learned to love her. On Whit Sunday 
afternoon she had a large mixed class of men and women 
with four little boys clinging to her. One small black fellow 
clasped her arm with both his hands, another every now 
and then nearly rested his chin on her shoulder, whilst 
two mites nestled at her feet. Under her influence some of 
the women made an effort to give up Sunday work. One 
woman who was missing on the Sabbath came next day with 
tears in her eyes. " Too much work live in her house on 
Sunday," she said ; " her hands were too full, and she could 
not get them out." Both Mr. and Mrs. Hinderer were 
prostrated with fever soon after they reached Ibadan, 
but their work went on. The congregations grew, and 
greatly cheered the workers by their quiet attention. The 
children were so eager to learn that it was a real grief to 
them to have a holiday. One of the boys expressed the 
feeling of the rest : " I want to hear more of Jesus, and 
know more." 

Mr. Hinderer never despaired or doubted, but his wife 
found it hard, she says, " to lie passive, only seeking to be 
made entirely resigned to do or suffer my Father s will. 
This is a grace one specially needs in a missionary s calling. 
You come with a desire to do something ; you see your 
work before you, see thousands of children, hundreds of 
people, and you are utterly helpless in mind and body; 
it is hard work, and only One can give strength to bear 
it." But though she felt the African climate a fearful bar 
to successful work, Mrs. Hinderer was able to rejoice in 
a growing desire for the truth among the people. A 



144 ANNA HINDERER 

country priest, who had troubled them much and had 
laboured hard to prejudice others, appeared one day, 
saying, "I get no peace; I want to give my heart to God." 
A famous priestess came to convert the white man, but 
returned to think for herself. Mrs. Hinderer had re 
luctantly to go for a change of air to Abeokuta, whence 
she returned in much improved health. She writes in 
June, 1854, that she and her husband were well and as 
busy as bees. She never found a day long enough to do 
all her work. In July the people were able to worship 
inside the bare mud walls of their unfinished church. 
There was a " mother of the town " in Ibadan, to whom 
all the women s disputes were carried before they were 
brought before the king. Mrs. Hinderer went to visit this 
female magistrate, who was a most respectable, motherly- 
looking person, surrounded by quite a retinue of attendants 
and other people. The missionary s wife explained the 
reason of her coming to the country, and made a strong 
friendship with the " lyalode." 

In January, 1855, Mr. Hinderer returned home, worn 
out by a missionary tour. He was soon prostrate with 
fever, but Mr. Crowther arrived in time to share the 
anxious nursing, and through God s mercy a precious life 
was spared. In May their faithful friend and helper, 
Mr. Kefer, died of yellow fever, caught while itinerating 
in the district. This great loss only made Mrs. Hinderer 
more confident that God would not suffer their toil 
and sacrifice to prove in vain. On June 24, five converts, 
the Ibadan first-fruits, were baptized. Two women 
and three men knelt to receive the sign and seal that 
they were Christ s. They wore white clothes instead of 



IN THE YORUBA COUNTRY. 145 

the usual blue, and their devout spirit was manifest in 
every part of the service. The heathen seemed greatly 
impressed as they gazed on the scene. The Sunday school 
had now between forty and fifty adults. All were eager 
to learn. "They buy the translation of the Scriptures 
as soon as they come out, and treasure them up as gold ; 
but by the rest of the people, till their own eyes are opened, 
these are looked upon as contemptible, and are called 
book-followers, forsakers of their forefathers, and despisers 
of their gods, who have given them strength, power, and 
everything. It must be remembered that here, where 
things are only commencing, where a book has never 
been seen, no one man, woman, or child could know a 
letter till we came to teach them. To leave books 
anywhere would be useless, and worse than useless ; we 
have to be careful not even to throw down a little 
piece of paper, for it would surely be taken and used as 
a charm." 

Mrs. Hinderer had a little company of children living 
under her roof, and in November eight of these and six 
other young people were baptized. The heathen held 
a meeting, and resolved that for a time they would allow 
none of their people to come near the church. "They 
seemed to succeed at first, but the spies carried the report 
of that Sunday, It is of no use, we keep our people away, 
the white man can still do his own work and way, whatever 
we do ; this day he has given fourteen the new name. " 
Persecution broke out. The marriage of one young woman 
was hastened by her parents, who thus hoped to prevent 
her attending the services. Her husband treated her with 
barbarous cruelty, yet she would not consent to give up 

10 



146 ANNA HINDERER 

Christ. A girl of sixteen was beaten with a cutlass 
by her father till she could not turn, but she also was 
steadfast. 

In August, 1856, the state of Mr. Hinderer s health 
compelled him and his wife to return for a while to 
England. Mrs. Cunningham was dead, but the missionary 
and his wife found many friends, and awoke great interest 
by the story of their mission. Mrs. Hinderer s vivacity and 
affability, and her graphic and humorous sketches of the 
work in all its bearings won her a welcome everywhere. 
In January, 1858, the Hinderers were back again at Ibadan 
in excellent health. They were eagerly welcomed, not 
only by the Christians, but also by heathen friends and 
neighbours. Horsemen galloped and danced backwards 
and forwards, guns were fired, and Mr. and Mrs. Hinderer 
were nearly deafened. For three weeks visitors trooped in 
daily, bringing ducks, chickens, goats, and three sheep 
as presents, besides corn and yams. " Far better than all, 
many people are coming regularly to church, and are 
anxious to be taught the Word of God. Some have been 
attending a few months, and are now bringing their idols 
to us, saying, * These things cannot save us ; we want to 
follow Jesus, and then desire that their names may be put 
down as candidates for baptism. We have now a large 
basketful of idols, and last evening a man who had been 
a large dealer in slaves brought the irons with which he 
used to chain the poor creatures, saying, that having been 
made free by the blood of Jesus, he should never want 
such cruel things again." 

Mrs. Hinderer had now twenty-seven children under her 
special care. It was her special vocation to soften the hard 



IN THE YORUBA COUNTRY. 147 

heathen manners of the boys and girls by her kind and 
winning treatment, and gently lead them to Christ. Civil 
wars used to break out at Ibadan two or three times a year 
before the missionary came, but since then the town had 
been delivered from those reigns of terror. In 1858 the 
place seemed on the eve of an outbreak, but by God s 
mercy this was averted. In November of that year nine 
women and five men were baptized. Not long before all 
had been idolaters. There were many painful revelations 
of heathenism. When the King of Oyo died in April, 1859, 
there were not so many men put to death as usual, only 
four being sacrificed. But forty-two of his wives poisoned 
themselves in order to have the honour of accompanying 
him to the other world. Next year, when an invasion by 
the terrible King of Dahomey seemed imminent, a fine 
young fellow was offered as a sacrifice. He was paraded 
through the markets that every one might see him, for all 
the town was taxed to pay the expenses. The poor wretch 
looked quite proud, for he was almost worshipped, and 
persuaded that all kinds of glory awaited him in the next 
world. It was held that he would return to the world as 
an infant, and then become a king. Hundreds of women 
did honour to the dead body, and each prayed that she 
might be his mother when he visited the earth again. 

The next five years were a time of terrible trial and 
privation. War broke out in 1860 between Ibadan and 
the town of Ijaye. There were some severe engagements. 
The great town of Ijaye with 60,000 inhabitants was taken, 
and soon reduced to a heap of ruins. The once busy 
thoroughfares are now covered with tangled thorns and 
briers, whilst a broken piece of wall shows where a happy 



148 ANNA HINDERER 

home once stood.* All the roads to the coast were closed. 
Hostility and treachery were rife. Mr, Hinderer s life was 
eagerly sought by the King of Ijaye, but he was almost 
miraculously preserved. For nearly six months he and his 
household were without flour. At this time their food 
consisted chiefly of horse beans grown in their own little 
garden and flavoured with palm oil and pepper. They 
could only have a handful of beans daily, and often literally 
cried themselves to sleep with hunger. In April, 1865, 
their friend, the Governor of Lagos, formed a rescue 
party, and brought them safely to the coast. They reached 
England in May. Before the end of 1866 they were back 
again at their trying post. The people scarcely knew how 
to express their joy at the return of their faithful friends. 
The Hinderers had still many anxieties through the 
unsettled state of the country, but the work made steady 
progress. More than a hundred baptized Christians were 
now gathered for worship in their church, besides many 
eager listeners. In another rude temporary building there 
were ninety Church members. Severe sickness finally drove 
Mrs. Hinderer home in 1869, and a few months later her 
husband was compelled to follow her. Mrs. Hinderer 
suffered greatly, and lost the sight of one eye. Both 
husband and wife were so shattered by all they had suffered 
that they were unable to return to Africa. Mr. Hinderer 
therefore accepted the curacy of Martham in Norfolk. But 
the devoted missionary s wife was not long permitted to 
engage in the congenial labour of this village parish. She 



* See Mr. Halligey s "Yoruba Country," in Work and Workers, 
February, March, April, 1894, 



IN THE YORUBA COUNTRY. 149 

died on June 6, 1870, in her forty-fourth year, utterly worn 
out by her labours amid a pestilential climate and those 
unnumbered privations which she had joyfully endured for 
the spread of Christ s kingdom. Few names are so fragrant 
in the history of West African missions as that of Anna 
Hinderer. 



MARY L. WHATELY 
among tbe 




\ 



MISS M. L. WHATELY. 



MARY L. WHATELY 
Bmong tbe 



A COMPETENT judge, who had spent the greater 
part of his life in the East, paid this high tribute to 
Miss Whately s work in Cairo : " In my experience among 
Easterns of all classes and religions, and various agencies in 
the East, Miss M. L. Whately s mission stands first. It has 
reached the very heart of Islam, and has been the first to 
plant the Gospel of our Divine Master in the very midst of 
the Mohammedan . families in Egypt. Such a thing was 
never heard of before, nor has been done by any one since 
the rise and progress of the Mohammedan religion. God 
has manifestly blessed the seed which she scattered in faith 
in Egypt, and even before she was called to the higher 
service the fruit of her labour of love began to appear. It 
is a positive fact that the Scriptures are now read in Mecca 
and Medina ; the authorities cannot prevent it, and this is 
well known now in the East. An eminent professor in 
England, who wrote in Arabic on the Arabs and their 
literature, assured me that the Scriptures were being read 
along with his book by the Ulemas of Mecca and Medina." 
This is a striking testimony. The great battle of Euro 
pean civilisation and of Christianity in the Dark Continent 

153 



154 MARY L. WHATELY 

is to be fought with the Arab. Mohammedanism is not 
only alive but aggressive. Its missionaries are perhaps as 
zealous as our own. The whole Church therefore owes a 
great debt to the noble woman who carried the battle to 
the gate and sought to win converts in the chief centre 
of Mohammedan power and influence. 

Mary L. Whately was born on August 31, 1824, at 
Halesworth, in Suffolk, where her father was then rector. 
She was seven years old when Dr. Whately became Arch 
bishop of Dublin. The girl inherited no small share of her 
father s strength of intellect. Nor did she owe less to her 
mother, a woman in whom grace and dignity of character 
were joined to rare mental gifts, and who was devoted to 
every good word and work. Her little daughter Mary was 
" ardent and impulsive, hot-tempered and generous. She 
was quick at lessons, and possessed a retentive memory, 
though the active brain and lively imagination made school 
room routine somewhat irksome to her." Mary early 
showed that she was a born leader, independent in thought 
and action, fertile in expedients a girl likely to strike out a 
line of her own by-and-by. 

The Archbishop lived at Redesdale, about five miles from 
Dublin. His daughters soon began to visit the poor in the 
village, and to teach in a small school which Dr. Whately 
had built in his own grounds for those children who lived at 
some distance from the National School. Amid such sur 
roundings life moved on peacefully till Mary W T hately was 
twenty- five. Then her brother s health broke down, and 
she went abroad with him for the winter. In Italy she was 
able to make considerable progress in Italian, and in her 
favourite pursuit of painting. As they returned home the 



AMONG THE MOSLEMS. 155 

brother and sister visited the Waldensian settlements, where 
they formed a stimulating friendship with Pasteur Meille of 
La Tour. This introduction to evangelical work in Pied 
mont proved the means of much spiritual quickening to Miss 
Whately. On her return to Dublin she found herself amid 
the distress caused by the great famine. Mrs. Whately and 
her daughters took a full share in all schemes for the relief 
of the starving people. Protestant missions were greatly 
extended during these terrible years, and Mary Whately 
thus found ample scope for her energies. She had long 
been an earnest Christian, but her visit to the Waldensian 
valleys had been the means of great blessing to her. She 
and her sisters took an active part in the ragged schools 
and other work of the Irish Church Mission, and zealously 
worked among the poor Italians who abounded in Dublin. 
The admirable Scripture teaching in the ragged schools 
proved a most valuable preparation for Miss Whately s 
subsequent work in Egypt. 

In 1856 she spent her first winter in Cairo, where she had 
been driven by ill-health. Thirty years afterwards she still 
remembered how she stepped on shore at Alexandria, dizzy 
with the long rough sea passage in a wretched old steamer. 
The sight of a string of camels made her forget all her 
sorrows. " Look at them," she said to her companion ; 
" we are really in Africa ! " The two ladies walked behind 
the cart which bore their baggage to the hotel, as they were 
afraid of the native saddles on the donkeys. Alexandria 
was then wholly Oriental ; it is now half European only 
the sunshine seems quite unchanged. Two days later the 
friends set out for Cairo. It was October, and the Nile had 
risen very high that year. As they travelled on, nothing 



156 MARY L. WHATELY 

was to be seen save little groups of mud huts with bundles 
of reeds doing duty as roofs, and a large sycamore or fig- 
tree, or a few palms standing near. There were many half- 
submerged buffaloes, which appeared greatly to enjoy their 
bath. " Whenever we stopped at a station a troop of ex 
cessively dirty children clamoured for backsheesh, and fright 
ful old women with faces like walnut shells, blear eyes and 
dangling rags, offered baskets of sickly dates covered with 
leaves, which feebly protected them from the swarms of 
flies. As Miss Whately watched the water-sellers plying 
their trade among the hot and thirsty people, her heart 
ached for those who had never heard the invitation, " Ho, 
every one that thirsteth, come ye to the waters." 

After wintering in Cairo she joined a party of friends 
going to Palestine. Ur. Porter, who was one of the com 
pany, tells, in his " Giant Cities of Bashan," how a band of 
wild Arabs dashed upon them. It seemed as though they 
would have a sharp fight. Miss Whately calmly took out 
her pencil to sketch the scene. The Hawara chief could 
not contain his astonishment. "By the life of the prophet," 
he said, " the Englishwoman is writing us down ! " The 
courage of the ladies and the guns of the gentlemen pro 
duced their due effect. The Arabs shouted " Peace be 
with you ! " and dashed off into the desert. After her 
return to England Miss Whately had a heavy time of trial. 
Her mother and youngest sister died in 1860. Long nurs 
ing and anxiety told severely on her own health, and she 
was ordered abroad. She found her way to Cairo, where it 
was laid on her heart to do something for the Moslem girls 
and women of the poorer classes. The schools already 
opened in the city had only drawn scholars from the Copts 



AMONG THE MOSLEMS. 157 



or native Christians. Others seemed quite out of reach. 
Miss Whately s friends tried to dissuade her from an effort 
which they pronounced to be simply courting failure. She 
knew the bigotry of the Moslems and their indifference to 
female education, but she began her work in strong faith. 
A new house was secured which the landlord promised to 
have ready in a week, yet when Miss Whately and her 
cousin appeared to take possession they had to spring over 
pools of whitewash and clamber over loose stones to reach 
the stairs. Threading their way through a ragged regiment 
of boys and girls bearing hods of mortar and pails of 
water, they reached the first storey, where there were door 
and windows, but no locks or latches. The ladies set 
vigorously to work, to the great amusement of their Coptic 
landlord. They got things into shape by degrees, but both 
of them were laid up by the dampness of their newly 
plastered rooms. The staircase between the first and second 
storey was open to the sky, so that when it rained they 
had to go up and down with umbrellas. 

Now came the launching of the school. A Christian 
woman who could read the New Testament was engaged. 
Her eldest daughter, a girl of thirteen, could read and 
write, so that she also was a distinct acquisition. To secure 
these helpers, Miss Whately had to find quarters in her 
house for the father, mother, and five children. The school 
was now ready with its clean mats and a few books. Miss 
Whately and her mistress set out to hunt up scholars. 
The people stood at their doors staring on the strangers. 
After visiting ten or twelve houses they turned homewards. 
Next morning nine little girls from seven to ten years old 
were brought by their relatives. " No recruiting sergeant," 



158 MARY L. WHATELY 

says Miss Whately, " ever was so pleased as I when I 
hastened upstairs to report to my invalid relative that we 
had actually nine pupils." After the names had been 
enrolled a start was made with the first verse in Genesis. 
When the girls got tired they were allowed a brief rest. 
Then came a singing lesson. The mewing and squeaking 
tones made it seem as though a school of cats had assembled, 
but the lesson soon took hold, and in three months the 
girls could sing hymns sweetly. The sewing lesson was 
the most popular of all ; the English needles and scissors 
gave great pleasure. Parents brought bread and raw 
carrots for their girls, and then squatted on the mats to 
watch the proceedings. The second day they had fourteen 
scholars. 

When Miss Whately returned to Dublin in the spring 
of 1 86 1, she left her school in the charge of a teacher 
provided by the Society for Promoting Female Education 
in the East, but it had afterwards to be given up. The 
winter of 1862 found her again in Cairo. Her scholars 
flocked round her with deafening shouts of " Welcome ! 
welcome ! teacher ! Our teacher is come back ! God be 
praised ! " She studied the language diligently, and each 
evening worked hard at the lessons for the next day. As 
she took her solitary meals a grammar or vocabulary lay 
beside her to be conned by snatches. Mansoor Shakoor, 
a Syrian, who had been working up the Nile in connexion 
with the American mission, gave her lessons in the language. 
Eventually he and his brother became her paid helpers. 
She left them in charge on her return to Dublin in 1863. 

Miss Whately gives an amusing description of the way 
that she began a Sunday school for the lads. Their sisters 



AMONG THE MOSLEMS. 159 



persuaded them to come in, telling them not to be afraid, 
and dilating on the pleasures of school. When the Shakoors 
came to her help she was able to start a day school for them 
as well as for the girls. 

Miss Whately s first book, " Ragged Life in Egypt," 
appeared in 1861. A friend read to the Archbishop some 
letters she had received from his daughter. When she 
came into the room he said, " Mary, you ought to publish 
those papers." She replied, " Oh, people are tired of 
Egypt ! They have had so many books of travels there, 
and so many details ! " " Yes," he said, " but yours will 
be new ; you have reached a stratum lower than any foreign 
visitor has yet done." This was the first of ten books 
from Miss Whately s pen, which furnish a singularly in 
teresting history of this noble mission. 

In the autumn of 1863 she fixed her home in Cairo, 
where she hired a second house for her growing schools. 
Up till now she had herself borne the whole expense. At 
this point one friend promised to collect a certain sum 
every year, whilst another agreed to pay the rent of the 
schoolhouse. In 1869 Ismail Pasha, on the suggestion of 
the Prince of Wales, made a grant of land for a new 
school. A fourth of the cost was raised by subscriptions ; 
but Miss Whately had to bear the rest of the expense 
herself. The strain of the work grew very heavy. Miss 
Whately welcomed every innocent pleasure that offered 
itself if it did not interfere with her duty. " No one 
delighted more in an excursion, a ride, a visit to a garden, 
or the like, or entered with more animation into an enter 
taining book, lively and playful conversation, and even 
children s games and sports. She loved reading, took 



160 MARY L. WHATELY 



peculiar pleasure in painting. But often months passed 
without her having leisure to take her colours and brushes ; 
and a new and interesting book was a rarer pleasure still. 
But all was waived or foregone, as occasion called, in the 
same simple spirit of doing the next thing, to use her 
own favourite expression, without questioning or doubting." 

She greatly loved gardening, and was generally found, 
as soon as the first beams of the sun lighted it up, in 
her own special garden gathering flowers and watercresses 
for the breakfast table. Her favourite enclosed corner was 
always full of seedlings and cuttings of plants procured 
whenever opportunity offered. 

Miss Whately was an indefatigable visitor among the 
poor of Cairo and the Bedouins, whose huts stood outside 
the town. Her sister remembers one day which they spent 
together in a small pilgrim hut. The curtain was suddenly 
lifted by a picturesque Bedouin, who said, " Lady, I saw 
your horse at the water, and my comrade and I are come 
to hear some of your book." She read the ninth chapter 
of St. John out of her Arabic Testament to the two 
enquirers. At this time she had no medical helpers, and 
many a simple case of surgery or medicine was treated by 
her own hands. The Egyptians are very susceptible to 
kindness, and pleasing instances of their gratitude are given 
in Miss Whately s biography. In lanes and streets where 
she had once been pelted with dust as a " cursed Nazarene" 
she was now greeted with the salutation, " Blessed be thy 
hands and feet, O lady ! " 

After the death of her two assistants, the brothers 
Shakoor, Miss Whately, and Mrs. Shakoor, who was almost 
like her own daughter, used to make missionary excursions 



AMONG THE MOSLEMS. 161 

up the Nile every spring and winter. They hired a boat, 
which became their hostel. They made short tours, for 
boat hire was very heavy, but in a week or ten days much 
was accomplished. The people, who were at first so bigoted 
that they refused to sell flour, milk, or eggs to them, 
learned by degrees to give them a hearty welcome. The 
sight of their flag brought crowds of men and boys to th- 
landing-place, crying : " Here are the people of the Book ! 
Have you books for us? Come to our house and read 
to us." Eager groups gathered round the ladies as they 
read the Bible, and when books and text portions were 
distributed to those who could read them, some even 
pressed into the water to get their share. 

A medical mission was begun in 1879, which took great 
hold on the people. The doctor once said to a respectable 
Moslem patient, " Why do not some of your richer men 
join together to do as we are doing, in supplying medicine 
and attendance to the poor?" "To do this," was the 
suggestive answer, "they must be Christians. Nothing but 
Christian love could make people do what you and the 
lady are doing here." Several thousand patients were 
attended to every year. Whilst they waited in the dis 
pensary the Scriptures were read and explained to them. 
Miss Whately took her place here every morning, reading 
and explaining Bible histories in her own simple and graphic 
way in colloquial Arabic, which all understood. The 
" Arabi war " interrupted her labours for a while, but as 
soon as possible she was back at her post. 

Miss Whately s mission was at last housed in its own 
commodious premises. Her dwelling-house was separated 
from the school buildings and medical mission by a garden. 



i i 



1 62 MAR Y L. WHAT ELY 

A blessed work went on here day by day. One morning 
a young woman came in almost blind. She was one of 
the wives of a sheikh in a neighbouring village. Her 
husband threatened to divorce her, as she could be of no 
more use to him. Her distress was pitiful. She was cured, 
and returned home in great thankfulness. Some time 
afterwards she brought a tall, turbaned man with her, who 
proved to be her husband. He also was cured, and 
afterwards sent many patients to the mission. 

The life of the poorer peasant women, who almost live 
out of doors fetching water, keeping cattle, or enjoying 
a hearty gossip with their neighbours is perhaps brighter 
than that of any other class of women in Egypt. It is 
true that they are degraded, dirty, and ignorant, but they 
are at least free. The women of the higher and middle 
classes are slaves. The harem is virtually a prison. A 
wealthy man, who married a pretty Circassian, kept her 
in a fine apartment where she could do nothing to kill 
time save dress, dye her hair, eat, and smoke. A Christian 
lady, who was allowed as a great, favour to visit her, asked 
her how she bore the heat in a room where the windows 
were never opened. She laughed, and said, " When it is 
very hot I just wrap a towel over my head and thrust 
it against one of the windows to break a pane. It is 
supposed to be an accident, and by the time it is found, 
and a glazier procured, several days elapse; and then I 
break another ; so I and the slaves manage to get a little 
air to breathe in this way." Another lady from her harem 
window saw her little boy fall into a pond in the garden. 
She could not get out to rescue him, for she was locked 
in ; but fortunately the doorkeeper heard her cries, and was 



AMONG THE MOSLEMS. 163 



just in time to rescue the child. One woman said, " I 
might as well be buried in the ground as live as I do. 
However," she added, "many are the same." Miss 
Whately was able to bring some sunshine into the life 
of a few of these poor victims. 

In 1888 she paid her last visit to England. She was 
now and then a little overdone by press of work, but on 
the whole she had never seemed in fuller vigour. " Her 
conversation, always brilliant and full of liveliness, origi 
nality, playfulness, power of graphic description, and happy 
illustration, was never more characteristically so than in this 
last happy intercourse with friends and relatives." After a 
delightful holiday in Switzerland she returned to Cairo. 
The following February she engaged a boat and went with 
her sister and one or two companions on her Nile mission. 
She had caught cold, but hoped that the bracing river air 
would restore her. She increased the cold through ex 
posure to a draught on board, but she could not bear to 
turn back and lose her only chance of mission work for 
that year. On February 20 she was at Masghouna, a 
village which she had visited several years with little 
success because the people were so bigoted. Four years 
ago a great change had come over them. Miss Whately 
was now eagerly welcomed. In a small room of a sheikh s 
house about twenty persons assembled to hear her talk 
and read. At Tabbeen she met a man who had brought 
her a bowl of milk the previous year when he came to 
ask for a Bible. His brother, the cadi of the place, had 
taken possession of his book, and liked to read in it very 
much. The tour was full of encouraging incidents, which 
showed how the patient work of years had taken hold of 



164 MARY L. WHAT ELY. 



the people. Miss Whately returned home to rest after 
visiting her last village. In a day or two the doctor had 
to be called in. She seemed at first only to be suffering 
from a sharp bronchial attack, but this developed into 
congestion of the lungs. In the night of Friday, March 8, 
1889, she passed peacefully to her rest. Her body lies 
in the English cemetery at Cairo, a witness that the cause 
for which she laboured has come to stay. The famous 
Mohammedan College of El Azhar in Cairo is the centre 
of Moslem learning for all countries which profess the 
doctrines of the Arabian prophet, save Persia only. As 
the Christian traveller listens to the muezzins proclaiming 
the hour of prayer from its minarets, or watches its 
thousands of eager students, he turns away to the quiet 
grave of Mary Whately to think of the day when Egypt 
shall be Christ s. When that day dawns her name will 
be written high up on the roll of those soldiers of the 
Cross who died to speed the victory. 



LYDIA M. ROUSE 
Smoncj Sorters and Sailors in 3nC>ta. 



LYDIA M. ROUSE 
Soldiers anfc Sailors in 3nota.* 



IN the winter of 1830, a young lady of twenty was going 
round a large district in Lambeth with a friend on 
behalf of the British and Foreign Bible Society. She 
knocked at a house in one of the quiet streets. A very 
interesting young man came to the door, and when the 
ladies asked if he was well supplied with Bibles, he replied 
that he had no Bible, and had never read one. He told 
them that he was studying for the Romish priesthood, knew 
Hebrew and Arabic, and had read the Koran. The 
younger lady ventured to say, " Then do read the Bible 
also." The suggestion was well received. " Well, I think 
I will," he said. He handed them sixpence towards a 
four shilling Bible, the cheapest then on sale. The ladies 
called each week till the whole sum was paid, and had 
a friendly word or two with the young student as opportunity 
offered. When the book was put into Denham s hands the 
collector said, "All I ask of you is to read Clod s own book, 
and I leave it to Him to apply it." Soon after she sailed for 

* A Memoir of Lydia Miriam Rouse. By her husband. (Alexander 
& Shepheard.) 

167 



J 68 LYDIA M. ROUSE 



India. Fourteen years afterwards this lady went with her 
husband, Mr. Weitbrecht of the Church Missionary Society, 
to hear a missionary in India lecture on Romanism. It 
was the young man to whom she had sold the Bible in 
Lambeth. By reading it he and his mother had been 
converted from Popery. A young Jew in the same house 
had also been brought to Christ. This was Dr. Alexander, 
afterwards chosen first Bishop of Jerusalem. Young Denham 
became a Baptist. He was a teacher of languages in 
Camberwell at the time his daughter Lydia was born in 
1839, but he afterwards became a Baptist pastor at 
Faversham in Kent. Dr. Angus, then Secretary of the 
Baptist Missionary Society, knew his linguistic gifts, and 
suggested that he might find a fitting sphere for their 
exercise in India. He sailed for that country in 1844, with 
his wife and four daughters. After a short time in Calcutta 
Mr. Denham became President of the famous Serampore 
College, which flourished greatly under his care. Here 
Lydia spent ten happy years, learning Bengali and Hindu 
stani so well that she could speak them almost as correctly 
as the natives. In 1856 Mr. Denham s health failed, and 
the family returned to England. Their home was at 
Walthamstow in Essex. Two years rest seemed completely 
to restore Mr. Denham s health. He set out for India 
in 1858, but died at Galle on his way out. His family had 
remained behind, intending to rejoin him in a year or two, 
but none of them ever saw him again. 

This great sorrow led Lydia Denham to give herself fully 
to Christ. Her mother and grandmother died within a 
year or two, but the five orphans found many loving friends 
who rejoiced to do any kindness to the lonely children. In 



AMONG SOLDIERS AND SAILORS IN INDIA. 169 



September, 1861, Lydia was married to the Rev. G. H. 
Rouse, M.A., LL.D., who was going out as a Baptist 
Missionary to India. After fifteen months work Mr. Rouse s 
health completely broke down, and he was compelled to 
return to England. His wife remained behind till her boy 
was born, and then followed him. After three years 
Mr. Rouse w r as able to take the position of Classical and 
Mathematical Tutor in the Baptist College at Haverfordwest, 
where he stayed for five years. These w r ere quiet days for 
his wife. Sunday afternoons were generally spent in 
visiting the sick, and when the Militia came to the town 
for their summer drill she took an active part in distributing 
small Testaments and tracts among them. These labours 
bore good fruit. Above all they showed that Mrs. Rouse 
was being trained in God s hands for wider usefulness. In 
1872 her husband returned to India to fill a temporary gap 
in the Baptist Mission. He found that he could bear the 
climate better than he expected, so that his wife and 
children joined him in 1874. 

When Mrs. Rouse reached Calcutta some Christian ladies 
were actively engaged in trying to rescue the sailors who 
frequented the grog-shops. William Taylor, now the well- 
known bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, had 
been labouring as an evangelist in India. The Baptists 
lent him their chapel in Intally, a suburb of Calcutta. He 
afterwards built a place of his own. On his departure, 
Dr. Thoburn came from Lucknow to take charge of the 
mission. He suggested that the ladies of his church might 
start something like the women s crusade against whiskey- 
drinking in America. Four ladies resolved to take this 
hint. They ventured out into Flag Street. The Rev. 



1 70 LYDIA M. ROUSE 



T. H. Gates, who accompanied them, asked permission 
to sing in one of the grog-shops. The manager replied, 
" If you are not gone I will throw water over you ; you will 
ruin our trade." They were thus compelled to sing at the 
door. In every other place they gained permission to sing 
inside, for they did not leave a gentleman to ask, but 
presented their request themselves. The managers were 
far too gallant to refuse a lady. On her arrival in Calcutta 
Mrs. Rouse threw herself into this crusade, and till she left 
India in 1880 never missed a Sunday unless absence or 
sickness absolutely prevented her being at her post. " Her 
gentle way, her quiet, clear voice, her tact in dealing with 
men, her readiness in reply, made her remarkably fitted for 
this work. She was never unfaithful, she told the truth 
plainly ; but sailors know they are sinners, and they honour 
a person who tells them so point-blank, provided they see 
that the words come from a loving and not from a fault 
finding heart ; especially will they receive the rebuke well if 
it comes from a woman s lips, reminding them of mother, 
or wife, or sister in the far-off home land." Such is her 
husband s comment. 

It was strange work. The ladies found themselves amid 
jugglers, fiddlers, performing monkeys, and drunken singers. 
Sometimes a group of men would be quarrelling in one 
part of the room, whilst singing was going on in another 
corner. Every sailor who came to Calcutta knew Flag 
Street. Traps of all kinds were laid there for the unwary 
tar. Touts were sent out to draw the sailors into the 
grog-shops. When the ladies began operations there was 
not a temperance house into which they could introduce 
the sailors. They used to invite them to a service in some 



AMONG SOLDIERS AND SAILORS IN INDIA. 171 



chapel, and then take them to their own homes for a social 
tea. They started out about half-past three, provided with 
hymn-books and tracts in various languages. Entering 
some drinking saloon they got into conversation with the 
men. Mrs. Rouse says in a bright paper describing the 
mission, " No rules can be laid down for our guidance ; 
some Sundays we spent most of the time in two or three 
saloons, where we found groups of men ; on other occasions, 
we are nearly all the while in the street, speaking to the 
numbers of men who are passing and repassing. We 
invite all to the service and to the coffee-room, conducting 
them there ourselves, if they will not go without us." When 
the ladies knelt down to pray some man w r ould say, " Don t 
be too long, missus ; I m not used to kneeling, it is years 
since I prayed last." Once when they were singing " Art 
thou weary?" a fine manly fellow broke out, "I am weary; 
I want to come to Jesus." Before the ladies left he was 
rejoicing in pardon. On another occasion a young officer, 
whose father was an earnest minister in England, was led 
to the Saviour. 

Mrs. Rouse s diary for March, 1875, speaks of a visit 
to a large boarding-house. The manager invited the ladies 
upstairs, and said he was always glad to see them. He 
gave each of them a refreshing glass of ice-water. There 
were over twenty men in the place, Norwegians, Dutch, 
English, German. All were attentive; two or three had 
found peace the previous Sunday, and joined a Methodist 
class. Another day Mrs. Rouse met a bright and active 
Christian, called Donelly, who had gone to the diggings 
at California, where he drank and gambled away all he 
got. He went to San Francisco, lost every cent, hired 



I7 2 LYDIA M. ROUSE 



himself as a sailor, and determined to make away with 
himself. " Going on board he one day heard singing ; he 
went to hear it, and found that some persons were singing, 
Jesu, Lover of my soul. When they came to that line, 
Other refuge have I none, he said to himself, That s 
my case ; I have no refuge, I ll flee to Him. He did not 
obtain peace all at once, but at last was able to rejoice 
in believing, and was baptized about a month ago." A 
Scotch engineer whom Mrs. Rouse tried to win told her, 
" You are the first lady that has spoken to me in a sisterly 
way." He was completely subdued by her gentleness. 

Besides her Sunday afternoons in the Grog-shop Mission, 
Mrs. Rouse used to visit the Medical College Hospital 
on Thursdays, and sometimes the General Hospital. She 
gave an Italian Testament to one patient, and going through 
the ward afterward another Italian called out, " Miss, Miss, 
give me a prayer-book." It turned out that he had seen 
the Testament, and wanted to have one which he could 
read for himself. It was sometimes heart-breaking work, 
but the ladies were encouraged to carry on their crusade by 
many a happy case of penitence. The police found that 
they had much less trouble in the notorious Bow Bazaar, 
and became warm supporters of the work. Even the 
managers of the grog-shops were courteous, for in their own 
heart they knew that the ladies were right. Mrs. Rouse s 
diary is full of remarkable incidents. In one shop where 
the ladies met with unwonted rudeness no one would go 
with them to the coffee-house. But when they had left 
two of these very men went there and found Christ. In 
the hospital one day she found a young sailor fast asleep. 
On the table near by lay his well-worn Bible. When he 



AMONG SOLDIERS AND SAILORS IN IN DLL 173 

awoke he told Mrs. Rouse that a Wcsleyan minister in 
China had held meetings for the sailors, and there he had 
been converted. 

As the grog-shop mission grew the ladies found that they 
greatly needed a place to which they might take the men. 
The Lai Bazar Baptist chapel proved a good centre, and 
many were there brought to Christ. Tea meetings were 
often held, and proved a great blessing to the sailors. The 
Methodist chapel was nearly a mile away, but the men often 
found their way there also. Sometimes the ladies would 
take a carriage load of them to the chapel, and then return 
for another set. At last a seamen s coffee-room was 
secured just out of Lai Bazar. There the men could get 
refreshments and see the magazines and papers. By-and- 
by a larger place was opened with a hall holding two or 
three hundred people, where services were held every night. 
This coffee-house was worked by energetic Methodists, 
a missionary and his wife were appointed, the Government 
made a generous monthly grant, and a vigorous sailors 
church w r as formed. Mrs. Rouse took charge of the 
meeting every Monday. Every Sunday evening, and one 
or two evenings in the week, she had a kind of free tea 
in her own house, at which fifteen to thirty sailors would 
be present. After tea there was singing, then the hostess 
would read something, and the guests prayed heartily one 
after another. All this was missionary work of the best 
sort. It not only blessed the men, but made a great im 
pression on the heathen population of Calcutta, who 
wondered at the changed lives of these soldiers and sailors. 
When the men left the port bags of books and tracts were 
given them to read on the voyage. 



174 LYDIA M. ROUSE 



Besides this crusade against the grog-shops, Mrs. Rouse 
was actively at work among the soldiers. When her 
husband was doing duty for Mr. Williams, pastor of the 
Circular Road Baptist Church, who was then on furlough 
in England, there were two soldiers in the congregation 
belonging to the 3rd Buffs. They were not decided 
Christians, but belonged to Baptist families, and were 
regular worshippers. Mr. and Mrs. Rouse asked them 
to bring some of their comrades to tea. Forty or fifty 
accepted the invitation. A profitable evening was spent. 
The men began to attend the evening service, and dropped 
in afterwards for a cup of tea with the pastor and his wife. 
When the regiment went on an expedition to Perak, Mrs. 
Rouse frequently wrote to them, sending them Spurgeon s 
sermons, tracts, or magazines. The same plan was tried 
with the second battalion of the i2th Regiment when they 
came to Fort William. Often twenty to thirty soldiers 
were at evening service. The congregation became inter 
ested in the men, and thus their own hearts were warmed 
and blessed. " Fruit soon began to be gathered in. One 
and another were brought to Christ, including the sergeant- 
major of the regiment, some non-commissioned officers, 
and many privates. There was quite an excitement in 
the fort. I don t know what s the attraction in Circular 
Road, said one man to another, but all the scamps of 
the regiment are going there. " The Christians were each 
thinking of some poor drunkard whom they might bring 
under the influence of the gospel. One man called Alee, 
who had been twice degraded from the post of sergeant 
for drink, came to Circular Road, and was invited into 
Mrs. Rouse s house. The singing of " Whosoever will " 



AMONG SOLDIERS AND SAILORS IN INDIA. 175 



melted his heart, and he became a changed man. " With 
the exception of idolatry and murder," he said, " I have 
broken all the commandments of our Lord." He died in 
peace a month afterwards a brand plucked from the 
burning. Sometimes Mrs. Rouse visited the married 
women at the fort, or even ventured into the canteen. 
Now and then she went to the barracks at Dum-Dum, six 
miles away. She spent two or three months at Uinapore, 
three hundred miles from Calcutta, where she was greatly 
blessed. In December, 1878, she was at Benares. She 
found out the Christian men, and afterwards kept up a 
correspondence with them. Besides letters written with 
her own hand, she had a printed letter signed by herself 
and another friend which was distributed among the 
soldiers. Four thousand of such letters are now issued 
every month. Mrs. Rouse s accounts of her work in the 
Sword and Trowel awoke deep interest, and her tracts 
have been widely circulated and have borne much fruit. 

Amid her exhausting work for soldiers and sailors Mrs. 
Rouse found time to act as Calcutta secretary of the Baptist 
Zenana Mission. She knew the country and language so 
well, and had such a calm, clear judgment that she did 
admirable service in this post. Some notes of visits throw 
light on this side of Indian life. One woman (S.) was 
offered ten rupees if she would go to Juggernaut and make 
atonement. She refused. " What would be the use of it ? " 
some one said. "She is a Christian at heart; it would do her 
no good." They complained to her father, but he replied, 
" Leave her alone ; I do not see what they have taught her 
has done her any harm. She is always obedient ; it is a good 
thing for her to believe in such a religion." One woman 



176 LYDIA M. ROUSE 



had been turned out of doors by her aunt, but when this 
relative was ill she nursed her like a daughter, to the 
astonishment of the neighbours. Mrs. Rouse spent a 
delightful time with these two women and others. " All 
have been telling me of the experience of rest and joy since 
they have found Christ. Poor S. s eyes beam with joy when 
she speaks of Christ. When she was reading John xiv. 
yesterday, she said, " Oh, what words of comfort ! I wonder 
the Hindoos still cling to their idols." I said, " It is not 
long ago since you did the same thing." She seemed quite 
startled, and said, " Yes, indeed, and yet I often wonder at 
the ignorance and folly of people not to turn to the true 
God." Mrs. Rouse was specially attracted by the Zenanas 
in Intally, where the poor Hindoos lived. Their poverty, 
simplicity, and readiness to receive the Gospel message 
greatly touched her. 

Constant and unwearied activity was the secret of Mrs. 
Rouse s success in India. " Work while it is day," was her 
favourite motto ; no words more aptly describe her own 
course. She never seemed hurried, for she had learned 
John W T esley s plan of quiet and steady industry. She for 
got herself. No thought of fame crossed her mind. " Her 
one aim was to benefit and comfort others, to lead sinners 
to Christ, and to strengthen in the faith those who had 
taken Him as their Saviour." " Thorough " was her watch 
word. She had no sympathy with anything that was doubt 
ful in Christian life and conduct. Her own household was 
never neglected. Amid all press of public duty home had 
the first claim. Her two children had everything that a 
mother s love and care could bestow, and both were in early 
life led to Christ. How Mrs. Rouse worked one Sunday s 



AMONG SOLDIERS AND SAILORS IN INDIA. 177 

round of engagements may show. She rose about six, and was 
busy with private devotion or household duties till morning 
service at half-past ten. Then there was private reading or 
talking with the children. Perhaps one or two soldiers or 
apprentices might also claim some of her time. Dinner was 
at three. Then Mrs. Rouse had a two miles drive in the 
heat to the Lai Bazar. After two or three hours there, she 
returned to the evening service and the meeting in her own 
house. 

For years she bore the strain well. She seemed always 
bright, equal to any amount of toil. In November, 1878, 
she had an attack of dysentery. It was not serious, but she 
never really got over it. Then some internal trouble 
developed itself, and she began to languish. In March, 1880, 
it was necessary for Mr. and Mrs. Rouse to return to 
England. For a year afterwards she was in feeble health 
Her husband returned alone to India in October, 1881. 
Mrs. Rouse was gradually able to engage in Christian work. 
She spoke frequently on behalf of the Zenana Mission. 
Her perfect knowledge and her clear voice and simplicity 
of style, gave charm and impressiveness to all she said. 
" Many instances," says her husband, " were given of a 
change of heart and life in those who heard the good news 
of salvation through Christ. None could listen to her 
without feeling intensely interested, and her hearers often 
expressed surprise at the close of the address, to see how 
long they had been listening. There was no self-conscious 
ness about her addresses ; her whole soul seemed wrapped 
up in the message she had to deliver." After her death, 
Mr. Baynes, Secretary of the Baptist Missionary Society, 
wrote, " Since she has been at home, she has done more to 

12 



178 LYDIA M. ROUSE. 



create and deepen interest in mission work in India than 
any one else, and she has done it by that quiet, persuasive 
intensity of interest which seemed to characterise her whole 

life." 

In October, 1884, she addressed several meetings in Ply 
mouth. There her strength gave way. After lingering 
for eight or nine days she passed peacefully to rest on 
November 9, 1884. Her life in India is a memorable 
illustration of Henry Martyn s words, " Now, let me burn 
out for God." Such lives pass all too quickly, but they 
kindle a flame of devotion in the hearts of others and 
hasten the coming of the day of God. 



A. L. O.K. MISS TUCKER 
at JBatala, 




MJSS_TUCKER (BEFORE HER VISIT TO INDIA). 



A. L. O.K. MISS TUCKER 
Bt as 



THE four letters A.L.O.E. have been so familiar to 
most of us from earliest childhood, that it seemed 
strange to find that she who chose that happy noin de plume 
A Lady of England was busy till the end of 1893 as 
a zenana worker among the women of India. Charlotte 
Maria Tucker had many links to our great Eastern empire, 
for her father, Henry St. George Tucker, of the Bengal 
Civil Service, was one of the directors of the East India 
Company, and was for sixty years connected with the 
country. Various members of her family occupied posts 
of honour under Government in the land to which she de 
voted the last years of her life. Her brother, Henry Carr 
Tucker, was Commissioner of the great province of Benares 
at the time of the Mutiny, and acted in that terrible time 
with the vigour and courage characteristic of his family. 
He was an earnest Christian, who arranged a Bible 
examination of all the schools in the province, and himself 



* We are indebted for these facts to India s Women, the organ 
of the Church of England Zenana Missionary Society, published by 
Messrs. Nisbet & Co. 



1 82 A.L.o.E.-Miss TUCKER 



gave the prizes. Another brother, Robert, was magistrate 
at Futtehpore, where he showed the same missionary zeal. 
He had pillars erected throughout the district on which the 
Ten Commandments were inscribed in the native language. 
Mr. Forbes-Mitchell* tells the tragic story of Robert 
Tucker s death. On the first signs of disturbance he sent 
all the Christians, native and European, to Allahabad, but 
refused to leave his post. He had held religious services 
in his own house, where a Mohammedan, the native head 
of the police, was one of the most regular attendants. 
Mr. Tucker had unbounded confidence in the loyalty of 
this man and the force under him. After he had sent 
the Christians away he summoned the Mohammedan to 
give his report, but received a message that it was now too 
hot to come out, but in the cool of the evening he and 
a detachment of the police would come and give the 
magistrate a quick despatch. Mr. Tucker did not flinch. 
He had been a famous hunter. He barricaded the house, 
loaded every rifle and fowling-piece that he possessed, 
then sat down to read his Bible. That evening he was 
attacked by a strong force. He sold his life dearly, for 
he killed sixteen and wounded many more before he fell, 
pierced by both spears and bullets. " So died the brave 
and God-fearing Robert Tucker, the glory of the Bengal 
Civil Service, and thus ended the defence of Futtehpore, 
by one solitary Englishman against hundreds of rebels." 

A.L.O.E. was the third daughter of Henry St. George 
Tucker and his wife, Jane Boswell, daughter of the Rev. 
Robert Boswell, of North Caverse in Scotland. Her great 



* " Reminiscences of the Great Mutiny," p. 



AT BAT ALA. l8 3 

gifts and singular sweetness of disposition made her a 
special favourite even as a girl, but her literary power was 
not fully seen till after her father s death, when " Daybreak 
in Britain," "The White Shroud," "The Giant Killer," 
"Young Pilgrim," and " Claremont Tales," showed that a 
new writer had arisen, who knew both how to delight and 
help young readers. Her tales speedily found their way 
on to every bookstall, and enjoyed rare popularity. Miss 
Annie Tucker, in a beautiful sketch of her distinguished 
relative, which appeared in India s Women for March, 1894, 
says, " Many and sweet are the memories she has left of 
those early days of authorship, for success never spoilt her; 
and she was ever ready to lay down her pen to entertain 
her nephews and nieces when they came to see her. 
they interrupted her, but none can remember her ever 
giving way to one exclamation of vexation or disappoint 
ment at being thus invaded in her sanctum ; and she would, 
with wonderful ease, turn her thoughts from her manuscript 
to amuse and profit them, clothing spiritual lessons and 
sound advice under the guise of parables, which she in 
vented with enviable facility. She was never too much 
engrossed with her own pursuits to attend to, and sympathise 
with, any one who came to her for help and sympathy. 
Hers was indeed 

" A heart at leisure from itself 
To soothe and sympathise " 

with the wants of those around her ; and she daily found 
time to visit the poor, to whom she was a true and kind 

friend." 

This charming picture reveals what Miss Tucker was 
to. the end of her days. After her brother Robert s death 



l8 4 A.L.O.E.MISS TUCKER 



she devoted herself to the bringing up of his children. 
Her mother s death in 1869 broke up the old family home 
in Portland Place. Miss Tucker then had to nurse an 
elder sister, Fanny, who was dying of consumption, and 
seemed almost overwhelmed with anxieties. Still, she 
kept up her literary work. Every Christmas two or more 
new volumes from her pen brought pleasure and blessing 
to a host of young readers. 

In the spring of 1875, when set free from other claims at 
home, her heart turned to India, and in the autumn of that 
year she went out as a missionary at her own expense. 
She was then fifty-four. The life was a great change from 
the literary and parish work in which she had found such 
happy scope for her gifts in England, but she threw herself 
into it with characteristic enthusiasm. She was wholly 
consecrated to her work. Friends and relatives begged 
her to return to this country for rest and change, but the 
utmost holiday that she could be persuaded to take was 
a short trip to the hills, and she was always punctually 
back at her post when this brief furlough expired. Her 
first Indian home was at Amritsar, but she soon afterwards 
moved to Batala, twenty miles away, where there was a 
fine sphere of work among the Mohammedans. She took 
charge of the zenana visiting and literary work of the mission, 
whilst Miss Hoernle superintended the six schools in the 
city and two in an outlying village. Miss Dixie devoted 
herself to the dispensary which she had founded. Miss 
Tucker took a warm interest in the work of her friends, 
and sometimes found herself obliged to prescribe for the 
patients when Miss Dixie was away for a change. She 
had studied Urdu before going out to India, and almost 



AT B ATA LA. 185 



from the first began to write parables and stories for the 
natives. She showed rare capacity for understanding the 
prejudices and modes of thought of the people, and 
thousands of her little tracts and books were soon cir 
culating through the length and breadth of India. Her 
" Pearls of Wisdom " a volume on our Lord s Parables- 
proved a great success. It was published in separate tracts, 
so that the poorest native might be able to purchase it. 

Meanwhile she was indefatigable as a zenana visitor. She 
used to enter the women s quarters loaded with pretty 
pictures, and seat herself on the ground whilst the eager 
inmates gathered around her. Drawing out a picture she 
would ask, " What is this ? Perhaps it was a lamb. 
Some one would venture to suggest that it was a pig, a 
cow, or a horse, then she would tell them what it really 
was, read and explain the parable of the lost sheep, and 
sing some hymn to the group around her. Sometimes 
the women hailed her with delight, and brought out their 
favourite sweetmeats for her to choose from. Sometimes 
the door was closed against her. But she kept plodding 
on. One zenana against which she had five times written 
" closed " was at last opened to her. This was the house 
of Fazl Shah, a youth who died a Christian, though his 
family would not allow him to be baptized. 

On her visit, Miss Tucker carried a copy of the " Pil 
grim s Progress." She compared Fazl Shah to Christian, 
describing his joy as the burden rolled off his back, and 
tracing his course till he crossed the River of Death into 
the Shining Land beyond. Then she read the third chapter 
of St. John s Gospel. Many pleasing incidents of her work 
are recorded. Once in a Mohammedan zenana she met a 



1 86 A.L.O.E.MISS TUCKER 

Brahmin lady, who invited her to pay her a visit. This was 
encouraging, for the Hindus in Batala were, for the most 
part, shy and more difficult to reach than the Mohammedans. 
In one zenana she had an eager audience of some fifty 
women and children. Her kind manner soon made all 
friendly. She showed them a likeness of the Queen, and 
told them she was a worshipper of God, trusting in the 
Saviour whose blood was shed for sinners. 

She was greatly interested in the high school for boys at 
Batala. The principal, Mr. Baring, and his wife were her 
dearest friends, and for some years she lived with them at 
the school, which had formerly been the palace of the 
Maharajah Singh. She had one large apartment, with its 
further end curtained off as a bedroom. 

Every year she sent home money to her niece to procure 
gifts and prizes for the native boys in the high school, to 
whom she was deeply attached. She herself gave them 
Bible and history lessons, and stimulated them to study by 
many a prize. Her wonderful influence among these boys, 
and the strong attachment between herself and her pupils, 
will not soon be forgotten in Batala. 

The early death of Mrs. Baring was a great blow to Miss 
Tucker. She removed to the Ladies Mission House, a 
short distance from the city, where a room was built for her 
by a loving relative at home. She took her meals with the 
mission family, but was able also to enjoy the comparative 
privacy of her own room. Many little gifts were sent by 
those who loved her which would have brightened that 
room, but the warm wrap, or cushion, or carpet generally 
passed on to others. If a parcel arrived when she was alone 
she would take out the articles that she meant to give away 



AT BAT ALA. 187 



and put them aside, so that no one might know of her 
unselfish deeds. 

She took a warm interest in the lowest caste the 
Mihtars or sweepers who gladly received her visits. Her 
feeling for these neglected creatures led her to say, " Should 
I fail, there will be no one to take my place in more than 
a hundred zenanas." When her nephew, Colonel Louis 
Tucker, was appointed for six months acting Chief Com 
missioner of the Andaman Islands, she determined, if 
Government would grant permission, to carry the Gospel 
to the 13,000 convicts on the island. She says, "I have 
written to the Andamans to enquire about the feasibility of 
two ladies, or perhaps a married couple, going to tell some 
at least of the thirteen thousand criminals, Mohammedans, 
heathen, etc., of ONE who died for sinners, ONE who 
granted salvation to the poor thief on the cross ! I have 
consulted some of the wisest and holiest missionaries whom 
I know, as to whether they think that having a near and 
dear relative in the Andamans may be the opening of the 
door for me to go. ... I am perhaps the only missionary- 
sister in all India who could at once find a comfortable 
home in the Andamans, and go without being an expense to 
any society." Unfortunately, the Government did not see 
its way to sanction the proposal. The female gaol had over 
three hundred prisoners, but no form of Bible reading 
instruction could be permitted. There were villages 
self-supporting convicts with wives and children, but thes- 
were quite inaccessible from Government House to any 
one who could not ride and walk long distances. Miss 
Tucker was therefore compelled to abandon her Christlike 
plan. 



i88 



A.L.O.E.MISS TUCKER 



She, therefore, laboured on patiently at Batala, visiting 
the zenanas both of town and country in her little dhoolie 
or the ekka, a rough cart made of two planks resting 
on wheels. Increasing infirmities told heavily on her. 
When nearly seventy she caught a serious illness from the 
vile atmosphere of some of the zenanas, and for days her 
life hung in the balance. Her friend, Miss Dixie, delayed 
her visit home for a year, rather than leave her in this 
crisis, though her own mother s serious illness made it very 
desirable that she should return to England. The joy with 
which Miss Tucker heard of the decision to remain was 
ample recompense to her devoted fellow-labourer. It 
seemed as though Miss Tucker could not live out the year, 
yet she was spared a little longer, though she never regained 
her strength. 

Her last report, given in India s Women for July, 1893, 
refers to about one hundred and forty-three places in Batala 
usually open to her or the Bible woman, and about twenty- 
four villages or hamlets. She had thirty pupils to teach, 
and a large number of visits had been paid. There had 
been a serious earthquake in the town on January 17, and 
in every zenana on the following day this formed a fruitful 
theme for her instruction. She spoke of the suddenness of 
the earthquake and the mighty power which it displayed. 
" A hundred elephants together could not have so shaken 
Batala." Then she referred to the Last Day, and described 
the earthquake as God s knock, bidding us repent and pre 
pare. "Another knocking so gentle, so merciful was 
dwelt on, illustrated by a coloured print of the Light of 
the world, and the song, Knocking, knocking, in an 
Urdu translation. There was very good listening to this. 



AT BAT ALA. 189 

Alas ! how long the merciful Saviour has stood knocking 
at the hearts of the people of Batala ! " After referring 
to various helpers and colleagues, she thus speaks of 
herself: 

"As regards the older worker who has long been con 
nected with Batala, an anecdote of Queen Elizabeth often 
occurs to the memory of one weighted with the burden of 
seventy-one years. A divine, preaching before the aged 
queen, founded his discourse on the striking passage in 
Ecclesiastes which describes the effect of advancing years : 
In the days when the keepers of the house shall tremble, 
and the strong men shall bow themselves, and the grinders 
cease because they are few, and those that look out of the 
windows be darkened, . . . and the grasshopper shall be a 
burden, and desire shall fail, because man goeth to his 
long home. The daughter of King Harry clung to life, 
and was by no means willing to acknowledge the weakness 
of age. 

" I see, exclaimed the offended queen, that the most 
learned clerks are not always the wisest men ! 

" Drawing from her finger an engraved ring, Elizabeth 
asked those around her to read its inscription ; they were 
too much of courtiers to do so. Then the queen, to show 
the perfection of her own sight, did so with apparent ease 
(probably knowing the sentence by heart). 

" But the writer of this brief report has not Elizabeth s 
high spirit, and readily acknowledges the advance of old 
age. Nevertheless, she also has her ring, and perhaps old 
eyes can read better than young ones the inscription upon 
it: Without Me ye can do nothing. The missionary has 
learned something : she has learned her own weakness, and 



1 90 A.L.O.E.-MISS TUCKER 



can look at the lengthening shadows with the calm assurance 
that the Lord can provide better labourers to carry on His 
work in the harvest field when He gives His weary ones 
rest." 

Miss Tucker had been recalled in June, 1893, from 
Simla, where she was enjoying a much-needed rest with 
her relatives, Mr. and Mrs. Mackworth Young. Miss Dixie 
had gone to England, and Miss Warren had not yet arrived 
to take her place in the dispensary. She was unusually 
well during the remainder of the hot and rainy season, 
and seemed full of life and brightness. She arranged many 
pleasant treats for the children who were home for their 
holidays, and steadily visited the zenanas. Her friend, 
Miss Grimwood, came down from the hills in October, and 
found her at seven in the morning ready to start for three 
distant villages where she was to visit and preach. " Nothing 
was ever allowed to interfere with her Master s work, and 
after a loving welcome, away she went in her little dhoolie, 
looking very fragile and utterly unfit for such a morning s 
work. On her return, after twelve-o clock breakfast, she 
proposed a little time of reading and prayer, at which she 
was very bright. Afterwards, in conversing with me, she 
repeated many beautiful little bits and verses, with which 
I was so struck that I wrote them in my Bible at the 
time, little thinking it was the last time I should see that 
thin, wasted form, still so full of life, and the face of keen 
intelligence and brightness. She spoke of her age (seventy- 
two) and growing weakness, and, smiling brightly, quoted 
the lines 

" The soul s dark cottage, broken and decayed, 

Lets in new light through chinks which time hath made. 



AT BAT A LA. 191 



Then she sang to a tune of Handel s La Carissima, 
which she said suited them well, these verses 

" Soon, and for ever, such promise our trust, 
Though ashes to ashes, and dust unto dust, 
Soon, and for ever, our union shall be 
Made perfect, our glorious Redeemer, iu Thee. 

" Where fightings without and conflicts within 
Shall weary no more in the warfare with sin ; 
Where sickness and sorrow and death can come never, 
Christians with Christ shall be soon and for ever. 

The cold weather tried her sorely. She went to the con 
secration of a new church at Bahnval in October, and 
returned with a heavy cold, which was seriously increased 
by nursing Mrs. Coleman, who was ill at the mission-house. 
On Saturday, November n, she took her bed after tele 
graphing for a nurse, that her companion might not be 
burdened. She got to church next day, but then her 
strength failed. She was taken to Amritsar, where she could 
be better cared for by the ladies at the city mission-house. 
Day by day her life ebbed out. She knew that the end 
was near, but said, Christ has abolished death; I am 
longing to go Home. On December 2, 1893, at a quarter 
past three in the afternoon, she passed peacefully to rest. 

"Two days later her body was brought to Batala. On 
December 5 friends, both European and Indian, came from 
Amritsar, Lahore, and other places to her burial. The 
Rev. R. Clark preached from Acts i. 8. He dwelt on 
Miss Tucker s position in England, and showed how the 
Holy Ghost had made her a witness for Christ in India 
by word, and life, and pen. Then the boys of the high 
schcO, past and present, bore the coffin to the grave. 



192 



A.L.O.E.MISS TUCKER. 



It is a mile from the church to the cemetery. Hymns 
were sung at intervals along the way, two of those used 
having been composed by Miss Tucker herself in Hin 
dustani. A great company gathered round the grave, 
where Mr. Clark spoke on the secret of her life, The 
love of Christ constraineth us. Her favourite hymn, 
For ever with the Lord, was sung, and her friends left 
her in sure and certain hope that she had found the 
blessedness which she had so long coveted. The New 
Apostolate of Women/ by whom the Church s victories are 
being spread in many lands, has scarcely had any more 
attractive figure than the gentle English lady whom we 
shall long and lovingly remember as A.L.O.E." 




MISS TUCKER S HOME AT BATALA. 



Printed by HazelJ, Watson, & Viney, Ltd., London and Aylesbury. 



A 

SELECTION 

OF 

NEW AND 

INTERESTING 

BOOKS 



GENERAL 
RELIGIOUS 
JUVENILE 




ROBERT CULLEY 

2 Castle Street, City Road 
and 26 Paternoster Row 
LONDON, E.C. . 




2 A SELECTION FROM 

The Prairie and the Sea. By William A. Quayle. 
Cloth, full gilt, with gilt top. Many illustrations on art 
paper. 342 pp. 9} in. x Gi| in., 7s. 6d. net. 

The Christian Religion : Its Meaning and Proof. By 

J. Scott Lidgett, M.A. 8vo, cloth gilt, 6s. net. 

In the Iron Time. A Romance. ByJ. Wesley Hart. 
Crown 8vo, cloth gilt, 6s. 

Ithuriel s Spear. By W. II. Fitchett, B.A., LL.D., 

Author of How England Saved Europe, Deeds that 
Won the Empire, etc. Crown 8vo, cloth gilt, 6s. 

In God s Out-of- Doors. By William A. Quayle. 
Cloth, full gilt with gilt top, fully illustrated, 232 pp. 
9. 1 , in. x 6;] in., 5s. net. 

Life-Story of Thomas Champness. By Eliza M. 
Champness. Portraits and Illustrations. Demy 8vo, 
5s. net. 

Christian Baptism. By Robert Ayres. Illustrated. 
Demy 8vo, 5s. net. 

Haeckel s Monism False. An Examination of The 
Riddle of the Universe, The Wonders of Life, 
4 The Confession of Faith of a Man of Science, by 
Professor HAECKEL. Together with Haeckel s Critics 
Answered, by Mr. JOSEPH McCABE. By Frank 
Ballard, M.A., B.D., B.Sc., F.R.M.S., etc. DemySvo, 
cloth, 5s. net. 

Theomonism True : God and the Universe in Modern 
Light. By Frank Ballard, M.A., B.D., B.Sc., etc. 
Sequel to Haeckel s Monism False. Demy 8vo, cloth, 
5s. net. 

Essential Christianity : A Re-Statement for the People 
of TO Day. By Frank Ballard , M.A., B.D., B.Sc., etc. 
Demy 8vo. cloth gilt, 5s. net. 

The Methodist Hymn-Book Illustrated. Incidents and 

Anecdotes associated with the Author and History of 
each Hymn. By John Telford, B.A. Crown 8vo, cloth 
boards, 5s. net. Also in Presentation Bindings, Palestine 
Levant, red under gilt edges, 10s. 6d. net; Morocco 
Boards, gilt edges, 12s. 6d. net. 



E. GULLETS PUBLICATIONS 3 

Hymn-Tunes and Their Story. By James T.Lighlwood. 

Demy 8vo, cloth boards, 5s. net. Also in Presentation 
Bindings, Palestine Levant, red under gilt edges, 
10s. 6d. net ; Morocco Boards, gilt edges, 12s. Gd. net. 

Life and Adventure Beyond Jordan. By 0. Robinson 
Lees, B.A., F.R.G.S. Author of Village Life in Pales 
tine. With Eight Coloured Plates and 86 Photographic 
Illustrations. Medium 8vo, cloth, gilt edges, 304 pp., 
5s. net. 

Rambles in Bible Lands. By James Neil, M.A. 
Edited by C. Lang Neil. With Eight Coloured Plates, 
and about 100 Photographic Illustrations. Medium 
8vo, cloth, gilt edges, 284 pp., 5s. net. 

Illustrative Notes. A guide to the International 

Sunday School Lessons for 1908. Demy 8vo. Cloth 5s. 

The Light of the World : Lessons from the Life of Christ. 

By Richard Newton, D.D. With Nine Coloured Plates, 
and 82 Illustrations in black and white. F cap. 4to, 
cloth, gilt edges, 344 pp., 5s. Without Coloured Plates 
and Gilt edges, 3s. 6d. 

John Lyon. By Euth Elliott. One of the most 
popular Temperance Tales ever issued. Demy 8vo, cloth, 
gilt edges, 5s. 

Clog Shop Chronicles. By John Ackworth. 2 Illus 
trations. Demy 8vo. cloth, gilt edges, 5s. 

The Revival of Religion in England in the 18th Century. 

The Fernley Lecture, 1907. By J. S. Simon. Second 
Thousand. Large Crown 8vo, cloth gilt, 3s. 6d. 

The Throne Room of the Soul. By Carl G. Doney, 
Ph.D. Crown 8vo, cloth gilt, 3s. 6d. 

The Story of Richard Martin. By Joseph Dawson. 
With Portrait and Nine other Illustrations. Crown 8vo, 
cloth gilt, 3s. 6d. 

Ebenezer E. Jenkins. A Memoir. By J. H. Jenkins, 

M.A. With Photogravure Portrait. Crown 8vo, cloth 
gilt, 3s. 64. 



4 A SELECTION FROM 

Pidri Elliott of Faizabad. A Memorial (chiefly 
Autobiographical). Edited by A. W. Newboult. With 
Portrait and numerous Illustrations. Crown 8vo, cloth 
gilt, 350pp., 3s. Gd. 

H. K. ; His Realities and Visions. By Nehemiah 

Curnock. Crown 8vo, 3s. 6d. 

Limitations, Divine and Human. By W. F, Slater, 

M.A. Crown 8vo, cloth gilt, 3s. Cd. 

The Mosaic of Life. Studies in Christian Experience 
and Thought. By Hilderic Friend. Crown 8vo, cloth 
gilt, 3s. Gd. 

Persecution in the Early Church. A Chapter in the 
History of Renunciation. The Fernley Lecture, 190G. 
By H. B. Workman, M.A. Fourth Thousand. Crown 
8vo, cloth gilt, 3s. 6d. 

The Unrealized Logic of Religion. A Study in 

Credibilities. The Fernley Lecture, 1905. By W. H. 

Fitchett, B A., LL.D. Eleventh Thousand. Crown 8vo, 
cloth gilt, 3s. 6d. 

The Hymn-Book of the Modern Church. Studies of 
Hymns and Hymn- Writers. The Fernley Lecture, 
1904. By Arthur E. Gregory, D.D. Second Thousand. 
Crown 8vo, cloth gilt, 3s. 6d. 

Soldiers and Preachers Too. The Romantic Story 
of Methodism in the British Army. By Owen Spencer 
Watkins. With 32 Illustrations. Crown 8vo, cloth gilt, 
3s. 6d. 

Everyday Life in Bengal. By W. II. Hart. With 

33 Illustrations. Crown 8vo, cloth gilt, 3GO pp., 3s. Gd. 

In Touch with Reality. By W. A. Cornaby. Crown 
8vo, cloth, 3s. Gd. 

Arthur Moorhouse. Memories and Aftermath. 

Edited by J. Anthony Barnes, B.A. With Photogravure 
Portrait. Crown 8vo, cloth, 3s. 6d. 



R. GULLETS PUBLICATIONS 5 

Letters and Talks to Girls. By Mary C. Williams 

(Mrs. W. W. Holdsworth) . With two Portraits. Crown 
8vo, cloth, 3s. Gd. 

The Child s Album of Stories and Pictures. With 24 

Coloured Plates. Crown 4to, cloth, gilt edges, 3s. 6d. 

The Letters of James Macdonald, 1816*31. With 

Notes by his Grandson, P. W. Macdonald. F cap. 8v 7 o. 
cloth gilt. 2s. 6d. net. 

Industrial Day=Dreams. By S. E. KeeUe. Crown 
8vo, cloth gilt, 2s. Gd. net. 

Life s Greatest Problem, and How it is Solved. By 

W. E. Russell. Cro.wn 8vo. cloth gilt, 2s. Gd. net. 

The Little Burma Girl. By A 7 . Parsons. Cloth, 
6| in. x 9 1 in., with four coloured and numerous other 
Illustrations. 2s. Gd. net. 

Luke Heron. By Clifford B. Ihvylies. Crown 8vo, 
Cloth, 2s. Gd. net. 

Sammy Brindley and His Friends. By G. Sudlow. 

With Six full-page Illlustrations. Crown 8vo, cloth gilt. 
2s. 6d. net. 

Sunday Evenings in Methodism. Edited by J. Telford, 
B.A. Eleven Sermons, with suggestions for Sunday 
Night Services, from leading Methodist Preachers. 
Crown 8vo, cloth gilt, 2s. 6d. 

Short History of Wesleyan Methodist Foreign Missions. 

By John Telford, B.A. Crown 8vo. cloth gilt, 2s. Gd. 

The Books of the Prophets in their Historical Succession. 

Vol. 2. The first Isaiah to Nahum. Vol. 3. Jeremiah 
and his Group. By G. G. Findlay, B.A., B.D. Small 
Crown 8vo, 2s. 6d. each. 

The Sect that Moved the World. Three Genera 
tions of Clapham Saints and Philanthropists. By 
John Telford, B.A. With Portraits and Illustrations. 
Crown 8vo, 2s. 6d. 



6 A SELECTION FROM 

The Skipper Parson on the Bays and Barrens of 
Newfoundland. By James Lumsden. With 17 
Illustrations. Crown 8vo, cloth gilt, 2s. Gd. 

Half Hours with The Methodist Hymn Book. By 

Mary Champness. Third Thousand. Crown 8vo, cloth, 
2s. 6d. 

Songs of the Church. With Stories of their Writers. 
By Lady McDougall. Second Edition, enlarged. Crown 
8vo, cloth, 2s. 6d. 

The Citizen of To-morrow. A Handbook on Social 

Questions. Fifteen Essays dealing with Social Reform. 
Edited by S. E. Keeble. Tenth Thousand. Crown 8vo, 
cloth, 2s. net. 

Sunshine and Shadow. A Bundle of Verses. By 
William E. Sellers. Crown 8vo, cloth. 2s. net. 

Queens of the Bible. Popular Studies for Modern 
Readers. By Vallance Cook. Illustrated by Repro 
ductions of famous pictures by great artists. Crown 
8vo, 2s. 

Life of Peter Mackenzie. By Joseph Dawson. A 
cheap edition with many fresh facts and incidents, and 
new Illustrations. Crown 8vo, cloth, 2s. 

Boys Brigade. Talks and Addresses to Boys. By 
J. Williams Butcher. Crown 8vo, cloth, 2s. 

Highways in Bookland. A Survey for General 
Readers. By E. J. Wardell. Crown 8vo, Is. 6d. 

John Wesley s Journal. Popular abridged edition. 
Crown 8vo, cloth, Is. 6d. net. Paper boards, Is. net. 
Pocket edition, F cap. 8vo., cloth, gilt top, 2s. 

The Life of John Wesley. By John Telford, B.A. 
Popular revised and enlarged edition, with latest 
statistics. Crown 8vo, cloth, Is. 6d. net. Paper boards, 
Is. net. 

John Wesley on Preaching. Edited by Joseph 
Dawson. F cap. 8vo, cloth, Is. 6d. net. 



R. CULLEY S PUBLICATIONS 7 

Devotional Notes on the Psalms. By E. David 
son. With Portrait. F cap. 8vo, cloth, Is. Gel. 

Early Days, 1907. Numerous Illustrations in Black 
and Colour, and Coloured Frontispiece A most accept 
able gift for a boy or girl. Varnished picture boards, 
Is. 6d. Cloth gilt, 2s. 

The Methodist Block Kalendar. This Kalendar 
contains the Moon s Phases, the Sun s Rising and 
Setting, and the Lighting-up Times for Vehicles, for 
every day in the year ; a Daily Portion for morning 
and evening reading, and a Motto specially chosen by 
well-known Methodist ministers. Printed in gold and 
colours, Is. 

Sunshine s Garden. A Child s Natural History 

Story Book. By N. Parsons. With Eight Coloured 
and numerous other Illustrations, and matter in large 
clear type. Paper boards, 7} in x 5 in., Is. net. 

Jesus of Nazareth No More. By Austin C. Rose. 
Crown 8vo, cloth, ink lettered. Is. net. 

The A. B.C. Annotated Bibliography on Social Questions. 

By S. E. Kceble. Crown 8vo, cloth. Is. net. 

The Class Leaders Companion. A Meditation, Hymn, 

and Scripture Portion for each week in the year, with 
space for notes, Crown 12mo, Is. net. 

Guilty : A Tribute to the Bottom Man. By F. 

Ballard, M.A., B.D., B.Sc. Crown 8vo, cloth, Is! net ; 
Paper, Cd. net. 

New Theology. By Frank Ballard, M.A., B.D., 
B.Sc. Crown 8vo, cloth. Is. net ; Paper. Gd. net. 

Thomas Champness as I Knew Him. By Josiah Mee. 
Crown 8vo, Illuminated paper boards, Is. net. 

Specimen Evenings. A book of programmes for use 
in Guilds and other Young People s Societies. W. B. 
Fitzgerald. F cap. 8vo, cloth gilt, Is. 



A SELECTION FROM 

The Nineteenth Meaning of Character. A beautiful 

booklet for presentation. By W. B. Fitzgerald. Crown 
12mo, gilt top, Is. net. 

Wesley s Chapel and Wesley s House. By John 
Telford, B.A. With 4 Illustrations. F cap. 8vo, cloth 
gilt, Is. net. 

The Mecca of Methodism. A Collection of Permanent 

Photographs of Wesley s Chapel, etc. With descriptive 
sketch. By C. Burbridge, Curator of Wesley s House. 
Crown Folio, Is. net. 

He Stoops to Enter. By Thomas H. Penrith. F cap. 

8vo, cloth gilt, Is. net. 

The Young Christian. A Guide for Seekers and 

Young Converts. By Henry B. Roller. Crown 8vo, 
cloth gilt, Is. 

The Young Folk s Painting Book. 36 pp. , 10J in. x 8 in. 

With novel cover representing a Paint Box. Is. 

The Lesson Handbook of the International Sunday 
School Lessons. " Prepared by Henry H. Meyer. Edited 
by J. T. McFarland. lOd. net. 



ILLUMINATED TEXTS. 

Size 11-^ in. x 8|- in. Printed in Three colours and 
gold, bevelled and gold edges, with ribbon. 

Price Ninepence each. 

My Daily Prayer. As Pants the Hart. 

He Restoreth my Soul. My Daily Walk. 



E. GULLETS PUBLICATIONS 9 



THE NATURE STORY 
SERIES. 

Small Medium Svo, with numerous illustrations and 

eight full-page coloured plates. Elegantly bound. 

Five Shillings net each. 

1 The Birds and their Story. By E. B. Lodge. 

Coloured Illustrations from Drawings bv 
G, E. Lodge. 

2 The Story of Hedgerow and Pond. By E. E. 

Lodge. Coloured Illustrations from Draw 
ings by G. E. Lodge. 

3 The Story of Insect Life. By W. Perciral 

Westell. Coloured Illustrations from 
Drawings by E. J. Bedford. 

4 The Flowers and their Story. By llilderic Friend. 

Coloured Illustrations from Drawings by 
Miss Charter. 



THE PREMIER SERIES. 

In Large Crown Svo, handsomely bound in cloth, 

fall gilt bach and letterings, with gilt edges and 

eight coloured plates. 

Three Shillings & Sixpence each. 

1 Westward Ho ! By Charles Kingsley. 

2 Uncle Tom s Cabin. By Harriet B. Stowe. 

3 The Lamplighter. By Maria S. Cummins. 

4 The Wide, Wide World. By Susan Warner. 

5 John Lyon : or, From the Depths. By R. Elliott. 

6 The Treasure of Reifenstein. By F. B. Clark. 
1 Marion West. By Mary E. Shepherd. 

8 The Pilgrim s Progress. By John Bunyan. 



10 A SELECTION FROM 

WORKS BY Rev. R. P. DOWNES, 

LL.D. 

In Large Grown Svo, full gilt back, gilt top, 
Three Shillings & Sixpence each. 

1 The Art of Noble Living. Fourth Thousand. 

2 Woman : Her Charm and Power. Tenth 

Thousand. 

3 Pure Pleasures. Eighth Thousand. 

4 Pillars of our Faith : a Study in Christian 

Evidence. Fifth Thousand. 

5 Seven Supreme Poets. Second Thousand. 

6 Hours with the Immortals. Foreign Poets. 

7 Do. do. British Poets : 
Cowper to E. B. Browning. 

8 Life s Eventide. 

WORKS BY 
Rev. W. L. WATKINSON. 

1 The Education of the Heart. Third Thousand. 

Large crown Svo, .cloth gilt. 3s. Qd. 

2 The Bane and the Antidote. Fourth Thousand. 

Large Crown Svo, cloth gilt. 3s. 6d. 

3 The Supreme Conquest. Sermons Preached in 

America. Third Thousand. Large Crown 
Svo, 3s. Gd. 

4 Studies in Christian Character, Work and 

Experience. First Series. Fcap. Svo, 
cloth, gilt top. 2s. GdL 

5 Do. do. do. Second Series. Fcap. Svo, 

cloth, gilt top, 2s. 6cZ. 



R. CULLEY S PUBLICATIONS 11 

THE CITY ROAD EDITION 
OF STANDARD AUTHORS. 

Large Cr. 8vo, superfine paper, with Portrait, 

doth, gilt top, 3s. 6d. each; paste grain limp, 6s. 

each; paste grain padded, 7s. 6d. each. 

1 Tennyson. | G Bnriis. 

2 Robert Browning. 7 Scott. 

3 Elizabeth Barrett Browning. 

4 Longfellow. 



5 Whittier. 



8 Keats. 

9 Emerson. 
10 Ruskin. 



THE EPWORTH LIBRARY. 

In Large Cr. 8vo, cloth, gilt lettered, gilt top y 
Three Shillings & Sixpence each. 

1 Bridgetstow. By Mark Guy Pearse. 

2 The Partners. By John Ackworth. 

3 The Rockingstone Schoolmaster. By Harry 

4 Gypsy Roy. By Harry Lindsay. [Lindsay. 

5 Methodist Idylls. By Harry Lindsay. 

6 More Methodist Idylls. By Harry Li,nd#ay. 

7 An Up-to-date Parson. By Harry Lindsay. 

8 Black Dyke. By Pamsay Guthrie. 

9 On the King s Service. By Harry Lindsay. 
10 The Aliens of Harrock. By E. II. Jackson. 

THE TRAVEL 6 ADVENTURE 
SERIES. 

Large Cr. 8vo, doth, icith eight coloured plates. 
Three Shillings & Sixpence each. 

1 Three Boys in the Wild North Land. By 

Egerton E. Young. 

2 Winter Adventures of Three Boys in the Great 

Lone Land. By Egerton R. Young. 

3 Algonquin Indian Tales. By Egerton R. Young. 

4 Stories from Indian Wigwams. By E. R. Young. 

5 By Canoe and Dog Train among the Cree and 

Salteaux Indians. By E. R. Young. 



12 A SELECTION FROM 

THE FINSBURY LIBRARY. 

In Large Crown Svo, cloth, full gilt back. 
Two Shillings and Sixpence each. 

1 Clog Shop Chronicles. By John Ackworth. 

2 Where the Tamarisk Blooms. By James Dunk. 

3 Kittie Lonsdale. By Emily M. Bryant. 

4 Doxie Dent : A Clog Shop Chronicle. By 

John Ackworth. 

5 Beckside Lights. By John Ackworth. 

G Ulric the Jarl : A Story of the Penitent Thief. 
By W. 0. Stoddard. 

7 The Scowcroft Critics. By John Ackworth. 

8 The Mangle House. By John Ackworth. 

9 The Seekers. By W. Kingscote Greenland. 

THE IMPERIAL SERIES. 

In Large Crown Svo, cloth gilt, gilt edges, with 

coloured plates. 
Two Shillings & Sixpence each. 

1 Than Many Sparrows. By A. E. Courtenay. 

2 For the King and the Cross. By Jessie 

Armstrong. 

3 The Shadow of Nobility. By E. E. Hornihrook. 

4 The Lamplighter. By M. S. Cummins. 

5 The Wide, Wide World. By Susan Warner. 

6 Uncle Tom s Cabin. By Harriet B. Stowe. 

7 Westward Ho ! By Charles Kingsley. 

8 The Cripple of Nuremberg. By F. B. CUirk. 

9 Roger Haigh, Chartermaster. By Mrs. R. A. 

Watson. 

10 More than Kin. By E. E. IJomibrook. 

11 The Hallam Succession. By Amelia E. Barr. 

12 A Modern Exodus. By F. Huntington. 

13 Five Brave Hearts. By E. Rhodes. 

14 The Pilgrim s Progress. By John Bunyan. 



E. CULLETS PUBLICATIONS 13 

STUDENTS LIBRARY. 

In Or. 8vo., cloth boards. 
Two Shillings & Sixpence each. 

1 Is Christianity True ? 

2 What is Christianity ? I. Christian Doctrine. 

3 What is Christianity ? II. Christian Life. 

4 Story of the Upper Room. By J. Tel ford, B.A 

5 Christian Beneficence. By Thomas Mitchell. 

6 The Problem of Suffering in the Old Testa 

ment. By Professor A. S. Peake, M.A. 

7 The Beauty of Goodness. By G. Beesley 

Austin. 

8 The History of the English Bible. By 

W. F. Moulton, M.A., D.D. 

9 Fruit from the Tree of Life. By J. Hardwick. 
10 The Ethics of Evangelicalism. By H. Yooll. 

LARGE TYPE SERIES FOR 
YOUNG CHILDREN. 

Crown 4to, cloth. 
Two Shillings each. 

1 My Bible Story Book. By K. T. Sizer. ( Our 

Blest Redeemer and Pictures and Stories 
in One Vol.) 

2 My Cat and Dog Book. With coloured 

frontispiece, 



14 A SELECTION FROM 

THE SELECT SERIES. 

In Large Crown 8vo, cloth gilt, with coloured plates. 
Two Shillings each. 

1 Than Many Sparrows. By A. E. Courtenay. 

2 For the King and the Cross. By Jessie 

Armstrong. 

3 The Shadow of Nobility. By E. E. Homibrook. 

4 The Lamplighter. By M. S. Cummins. 

5 The Wide, Wide World. By Susan Warner. 

6 Uncle Tom s Cabin. -By H. B. Stowe. 

7 Westward Ho ! By Charles Kingsley. 

8 The Cripple of Nuremberg. By F. B. Clark. 

9 Roger Haigh, Chartermaster. By Mrs. R. A. 

Watson. 

10 More than Kin. By E. E. Hornibrook. 

11 The Hallam Succession. By Amelia E. Barr. 

12 A Modern Exodus. By F. Huntington. 

13 Pilgrim s Progress. By John Bunyan. 

14 Ways of Marigold. By Florence Bone. 

15 Nine Famous Crusades. By Anne E. Keeling. 

16 Barbara Heck. By W. H. Withrow. 

17 Amos Truelove. By C. R. Parsons. 

18 Dwellers in Gotham. By J. W. Johnston. 

19 Five Brave Hearts. By E. Rhodes. 

THE MODERN LIBRARY. 

Large Cr. 8vo, cloth, gilt lettered, 
Two Shillings each. 

1 The Man with the White Hat : The Story of 

an Unknown Mission. By C. R. Parsons. 

2 Some Old Cornish Folk. By Salome Hocking. 
5 The House with the White Shutters. By C. 

R. Parsons. 
7 The North Sea Lassie. By Emily M. Bryant. 



E. GULLETS PUBLICATIONS 15 

THE CHEERFUL LIFE 
SERIES. 

Foolscap Svo, cloth gilt, gilt top. 
One Shilling and Sixpence net each. 

1 Poetry of the Upward Way : being Studies in 

the Language of St. Paul. By R. Martin 
Pope, M.A. 

2 The Burning Heart. By John M. Bamford. 

3 A Young Man s Bookshelf. By G. Jackson, B.A. 

4 The Cheerful Life : A Series of Papers in 

Praise of Cheerfulness. Edited by E. W. 
Walters. 

5 The Power of Pentecost. Chapters on the 

Relation of the Holy Spirit to Christian Life 
and Service. By T. Waugh. 

HELPS HEAVENWARD 
SERIES. 

Grown 12mo, doth gilt and gilt edges, r/c. 
One Shilling and Sixpence net each. 

1 The Things Above. By George G. Findlay, 

D.D. 

2 Spiritual Experiences of St. Paul. By J. T. L, 

Maggs, D.D. 

3 Visions of Sin. By J. H. Moulton, D.Lit. 

4 Ten to One. By J. A. Clapperton, M.A. 

5 The Bramble King. By Mark Guy Pearse. 

6 Saints of Christ. By T. F. Lockyer, B.A. 



16 A SELECTION FROM 

THE PANSY SERIES OF 
GIFT BOOKS. 

In Cr. 8vo, cloth, gilt lettered, Illustrated. 
Two Shillings each. 

1 As in a Mirror. I 9 Miss Dee Dunmore 

2 Aunt Hannah and Mar- j Bryant. 

tha and John. 10 Overruled. 

3 By Way of the Wilderness. 11 Pauline. [ney 

4 Eighty-Seven : A Chau- 12 Stephen Mitchell s Jour- 

tauqua Story. 13 Twenty Minutes Late. 

5 Her Associate Members. 14 Unto the End. 

6 John Remington, Martyr. ; 15 Wanted 

7 Judge Burnham s Daugh- ; 16 What They Couldn t. 

ters. 17 Yesterday Framed in 

8 Making Fate. To-Day. 

DANIEL QUORM SERIES. 

MARK GUY PEARS E S BOOKS 

Crown 8vo, cloth, gilt lettered^ 

One Shilling & Sixpence each. 

1 Daniel Quorm and His Religious Notions. 

First Series. 

2 Daniel Quorm and His Religious Notions. 

Second Series. 

3 Sermons for Children. [Giving. 

4 Mister Horn and His Friends ; or, Givers and 

5 Good Will : a Collection of Christinas Stories. 

6 Short Stories and other Papers. 

7 Cornish Stories. 

8 Simon Jasper. 

9 Homely Talks. 

10 John Tregenoweth, Rob Rat, and the Old 

Miller. In one volume. 

11 Short Talks for the Times. [Stories. 

12 The Man who Spoiled the Music, and other 

13 Elijah, the Man of God. 



R. GULLETS PUBLICATIONS 17 

POPULAR RELIGIOUS SERIES. 

In large Gr. 8vo, doth, gilt lettered. 
One & Sixpence each. 

1 The Apostles of Fylde Methodism. By Jolm 

Taylor. 

2 The Backwoods Preacher. Peter Cartwright. 

4 The Circuit Rider. By Edward Eggleston. 

5 Thos. Collins. By Samuel Coley. 

6 Elias Power. By J. M. Bam ford. 

7 Leaves from My Log. By T. C. Garland. 

8 Father Fervent. By J. M. Bamford. 

9 Hugh Axe. By J. M. Bam ford. 

10 John Conscience. By J. M. Bam ford. 

11 Little Abe, being the Life of Abraham Lock- 

wood. By F. Jewell. 

12 Reminiscences of Isaac Marsden. By John 

Taylor. 

13 John Nelson. By Anne E. Keeling. 

14 Squire Brooke. By J. H. Lord. 

15 Strange Life Stories. By G. R. Parsons. 

16 The Vicar of Madeley : Life of John Fletcher. 

17 The Tongue of Fire. By W. Arthur. 

18 The Vicar of Berrybridge. By C. E. Parsons. 

19 Roger Wentwood s Bible. By G. E. Parsons. 

20 Ocean May. By C. E. Parsons. 

21 John Nelson s Journal, written by Himself. 

22 Life of John Hunt. By G. Stringer Eowe. 

23 What he Did for Convicts and Cannibals. 

S. Leigh. By Anne E. Keeling. 



18 A SELECTION FROM 

Popular Religious Series-continued, 

24 John Wesley, His Life and Work. By M. 

Lelicvre. 

25 The Village Blacksmith : Life of Samuel Hick. 

By James Everett. 

26 East End Pictures. By T.C. Garland. 

27 Life of Rev. John Smith. By Eichard Treffry. 

29 William Dawson. By Anne E. Keeling. 

30 Popular History of Methodism. By J. 

Telford, B.A. 

31 Mistaken Signs. By W. L. Watkinson. 
32- Noonday Addresses. By W. L. Watkinson. 

33 Lessons of Prosperity. By W . L. Watkinaon. 

34 Loving Counsels. By Chas. Garrett. 

35 A Tangled Yarn. Captain James Payen s 

Life-Log. By Thos. Durley. 

36 Women in the Mission Field. By John 

Telford, B.A. 

38 The Marrow of Methodism. By Jno. Wesley. 

39 Boyhood and Youth of Methodist Ministers. 

By Edith Greeves. 

40 Mr. Sam and his Talkative Clock. By W. 

W. Ilaughton. 

41 Hero of Rufford. By J. A. Macdonald. 

42 Makers of Methodism. ByW.H.Withrow,D.D. 

43 Black Country Methodism. By A. G. Pratt. 

44 Makers of our Missions. By J. Telford, B.A. 

45 Ephraim Swansea. By J. W. Keyworth. 

46 Strange Scenes and Strange Experiences. By 

W. E. Sellers. 

47 Transformation of Nathaniel Wise. By J- W. 

Keyworth. 



R. GULLETS PUBLICATIONS 19 

THE CASTLE LIBRARY. 

In Large Grown Svo, doth, full gilt lack of neat 
design, with coloured frontispiece. 

One Shilling and Sixpence. 

1 General Gordon, Hero and Saint. By A. E. 

Keeling. 

2 Barbara Heck: A Story of Early Methodism 

m America. By W. II. Withrow, D.D. 

3 Glenwood : A Story of School Life. Bn J. K. 

Bloomfield. 

4 Ringing Bolls. EIJ Reese Rockwell. 

5 Her Welcome Home. By Sarson C. J. Ingham. 

6 Five Brave Hearts. By Edith Rhodes. 

7 Bluebell of Swanpool. By A. E. Gourtenay. 

8 Severn to Tyne : Story of Six English Rivers 

By E. M. Edwards. 

9 Fought and Won. By Ruth Elliott. 

10 Nine Famous Crusades. By Anne E. Keeling. 

11 Scenes through the Battle Smoke. By A. Male. 

12 The Rabbi s Sons: A Story of the Days of 

St. Paul. By Emily Weaver. 

13 A Modern Exodus. By Faye Eu.ntington. 

14 Ways of Marigold : A Story of the North 

Riding. By Florence Bone. 

15 Pilgrim s Progress. By John Bunijan. 

16 Pride of the Family. By A. E. Keeling. 

17 Grand Gilmore. By Reese Rockwell. 



20 A SELECTION FROM 

Castle Library continued. 

18 Grannie Tresawna s Story. By N. Cornwall. 

19 Castle Mailing. By A. E. Keeling. 

20 Sprattie and the Dwarf. By N. Cormvall. 

21 Raymond Theed. By E. Kendall. 

22 The King s Messenger. By W. H. Withrow. 

23 The Four Friends. By W. W. Poeock. 

24 Andrew Golding. By A. E. Kcelincj. 

25 Dickon O Greenwood. By K. T. Sizer. 

26 Valeria. By W. II. Withrow. 

27 Shadows. By Helen Briston. 

ADDRESSES TO THE YOUNG. 

In Crown 8vo, doth, gilt lettered, 
One Shilling & Sixpence each. 

1 Bag with Holes, and other Addresses to Chil 

dren. By J. Aitchison. 

2 Children s Afternoon; or, Words to Young 

Readers. By R. H. Brenan, U.A. 

3 Digging Ditches, and other Sermons to Boys 

and Girls. By Frederick B. Cowl. 
5 Kingless Folk, and other Addresses on Bible 

Animals. By J. Adams, B.D. 
9 Parables and Sketches. By Alfred E. Knight. 

10 Pleasant Places : Words to the Young. By 

E. S. Duff, D.D. 

11 Silver Wings, and other Addresses to Children. 

By Andrew G. Fleming. 

12 Three Fishing Boats, and other Talks to Chil 

dren. By John C. Lambert, B.D. 

13 Treasures of the Snow, and other Talks with 

Children. By Thomas Hind. 



B. GULLETS PUBLICATIONS 21 

DAINTY BOOKS FOR THE 
BAIRNS SERIES. 

Demy 16mo, with 16 coloured plates, cloth, 
One Shilling net each ; 

Leather, gilt top, 
One Shilling and Sixpence net each. 

1 Jesus for the Children. By U.K. Illustrations 

by Miss Shuter. 

2 David for the Children. By U.K. Illustrations 

by A. Sutherland. 

3 Jolly Times in Animal Land. By D. Lambert. 

Illustrations by Chas. Treaider. 

4 Joseph for the Children. By Helen S. Tel ford. 

Illustrations by Ramsay Russell. 

5 The Adventures of Friskers and his Friends. 

By Marian I. Hurrell. Illustrations by 
Louis Wain. 

THE MISSIONARY SERIES. 

Crown 8vo, cloth, gilt lettered. 
One Shilling each. 

1 David Livingstone, Missionary and Discoverer. 

By J. Marrat. 

2 The Apostle of Burma, Adoniram Judson, D.D. 

By J. Marrat. 

3 John Wesley. By Richard Green. 

4 Robert Moffat, the African Missionary. By 

J. Marrat. 

5 Three Indian Heroes. By J. S. Banks, D.D. 

6 Missionary Veterans in South Africa. By 

J. Marrat. 



22 A SELECTION FROM 

THE LIBRARY OF METHODIST 
BIOGRAPHY. 

In Narrow Foolscap SvOj cloth gilt, with gilt top, 
128 pages, with Portrait. 

One Shilling net each. 

Also in leather, 
One Shilling & Sixpence net each. 

1 Jabez Bunting : A Great Methodist Leader. By 

J. II. Eigg, D.D. 

2 Gideon Ouseley : the Wonderful Irish Mission 

ary. By Thomas M Cullagh. 

3 Thomas Collins : A Typical Evangelist. By 

Simpson Johnson. 

4 Richard Watson : Theologian and Missionary 

Advocate. By E. J. Brails-ford. 

5 James Smetham : Painter, Poet, Essayist. By 

W. G. Beardmore. [Richard Green. 

6 Thomas Walsh : Wesley s Typical Helper. /> // 

7 John and Mary Fletcher : Typical Methodist 

Saints. By T. Alexander Seed. 

8 William Morley Punshon : The Orator of 

Methodism. By Joseph Dawson. 

9 Samuel Coley : The Illustrative Preacher. By 

E. P. Downcs, LL.D. 

10 Robert Newton : The Eloquent Divine. By 

Dinsdale T. Young. 

11 William Arthur: A Brief Biography. By 

T. Bowman Stephenson, B.A., D.D. 

12 Hugh Price Hughes : Pioneer and Reformer. 

By Arthur Walters. With an Introductory 
Chapter by C. Ensor Walters. 



R. GULLETS PUBLICATIONS 23 

THE METHODIST 

MISSIONARY LIBRARY. 

In Narrow Foolscap 8vo, doth gilt, with gilt top, 

128 iiages, with Portrait. 
One Shilling net each. 

Also in leather,, 
One Shilling & Sixpence net each. 

1 David Hill : An Apostle to the Chinese By 

W. T. A. Barber, D.D. 

2 John Hunt : Pioneer Missionary and Saint. 

By Joseph Netlleton. 

3 Chu and Lo : Two Chinese Pastors. Bij C. 

Wilfrid Allan. 

4 Methodism in Central China. By George A. 

Clayton. 

5 Methodism in West Africa: A Story of Heroism. 

By J. T. F. Ilallicjey, F.P.G.S. 

Ornamental Oak Case to take six books 
of the above Libraries, price I/- net. A Card 
board Case is supplied, to hold six books 
assorted, without extra charge. 

THE PIONEER LIBRARY. 
For Boys and Girls. 

In Crown Svo, cloth gilt. 
One Shilling each. 

BOYS VOLUMES* 

1 Auriel, and other Tales. By Ruth Elliott. 

2 From Rung to Rung : a Story for Boys. By J-_ 

Maedonald Oxley. 

3 A Change of Weather. By W. J. Forster. 

4 Children of the Village. By Emily M. Bryant. 

5 Stories of Many Wheels. By W. J. Forster. 

6 Vaughan Persey. By Helen Briston, 



24 A SELECTION FROM 

Pioneer Library continued. 

7 Nathanael Noble s Homely Talks. By H. Smith. 

8 The Gilead Guards : a Story of the American 

Civil War. By Mrs. 0. W. Scott. 

9 Denis Patterson : a Story of Early Methodism. 

By K. T. Sizer. 

10 Crosbie Urquhart s Sowing : a Story of Fifty 

Years ago. By K. T. Sizer. 

11 The Bevans. By W. T. Emms. 

12 Parson Hard work s Nut, and How he Cracked 

it. By W. W. Haughton. 

13 More than Kin. By E. E. Ilomibrook. 

14 Guy and Gladys : Two Small Westerners. By 

G. D. Hyde. 

15 Dr. Brent s Neighbours : a Tale of Two Homes. 

By D. M. Jones. 

10 Dickon Greenwood : a Village Picture of 
Martyr Days. By K. T. Sizer. 

17 Caleb and Beckey. By C. R. Parsons. 

18 Achan s Ghost. By J . M. Bam ford. 

19 Andrew Golding; a Story of the Great Plague. 

By Anne E. Keeling. 

20 Roger Haigh, Chartermaster. By Mrs. R. A. 

Watson. 

21 Feringhi; Stories of Indian Gypsy Life. By 

A. Dumbarton. 

22 Capture of the Pirates. By II. Bleby. 

23 Sir Walter Raleigh. By C. K. True, D.D. 

24 Martin Luther. By J. S. Banks, D.D. 

25 The Little Crusaders. By Florence Bone. 

26 Guido, the Choir Boy. By Felicia Buttz Clark. 



R. GULLETS PUBLICATIONS 25 
Pioneer Library continued. 

GIRLS VOLUMES. 

27 Fina s First Fruits. By Lena Tyack. 

28 Jeannette of Jersey. By Robin E. Gallienne. 

29 Joyce Macdonald. By E. S. Cann. 

30 The Nine, a Family History. By E. M. Bryant. 

31 Miss Meyrick s Neice. By E. Everett-Green. 

32 Hawthornvale. By J. CutJibertson. 

33 Dean Hurst. By S. S. Earner. 

34 A Pledge that Redeemed Itself. By Sarson. 

35 The Shadow of Nobility. By E. E. Hornibrook. 
My Black Sheep. By E. Everett-Green. 

Mad Margrete and Little Gunnvald. By Nellie 
Cornwall. 

38 Alys of Lutterworth : a Story of the Times of 

Wicklif. By K. T. Sizer. 

39 Avice Tennant s Pilgrimage : a Tale of Bun- 

yan s Days. By K. T. Sizer. [Gregory. 

40 Scripture Truths made Simple. By J. R. 

41 At the Gates of the Morning : a Story of the 

Reformation in Kent. By Dora M. Jones. 

42 Cecily: A Tale of the Reformation. By E. Leslie. 

43 Message of the Birds. By W. G. Mathews. 

44 Twenty Minutes Late. By Pansy. 

45 Tina and Beth. ByA.E. Courtenay. [Fitzgerald. 

46 The Lancasters and their Friends. By S. J. 

47 At Aunt Verbena s. By M. S. Haycraft. 

48 With a Gladsome Mind. By M. S. Haycraft. 

49 Pink Roses. By M. S. Ilaycraft. 

50 Adelaide s Treasure. By Sarson. 

51 The Stolen Children. By H. Bleby. 

52 Homes and Home Life in Bible Lands. By J. 

R. S. Clifford. 

53 Tangam s Prize. The Story of a Missionary 

Doll. By Amy A. Vincent. 

54 The Dairyman s Daughter. By Legli. Richmond. 



26 A SELECTION FROM 

THE BLESSED LIFE SERIES. 

MARK GUY PEARSE S BOOKS. 
Cheap Edition, Demy 16mo, cloth, round corners, 

One Shilling each. 
Royal 16mo, red lines round page, cloth, 
One Shilling and Sixpence each. 

1 Jesus Christ and the People. 

2 Naaman the Syrian. 

3 Praise : Meditations in the One Hundred and 

Third Psalm. 

4 Some Aspects of the Blessed Life. 

5 The Christianity of Jesus Christ : Is it ours ? 

6 The Gospel for the Day. 

7 Thoughts on Holiness. 

POPULAR BIOGRAPHIES. 

Illustrated. Cr. 8vo, cloth, gilt lettered, 
One Shilling each. 

1 John Wyclif : Translator of the Bible, and 

Reformer. By R. Corlett Cowell. 

2 From Cobbler s Bench to President s Chair : 

The Story of Samuel Bradburn. By 
Benjamin Gregory, D.D. 

3 Poacher turned Preacher : The Story of John 

Preston of Yeadon. By B. Gregory, D.D. 

4 Susanna Wesley and other Eminent Methodist 

Women. By A. E. Keeling. 

5 Bernard Gilpin, the Apostle of the North. 

By H. Bunting. 

6 Friends of the Slave. By G. Maunder. 

1 Friends of the Prisoner. By G. Maunder. 

8 Joseph Garibaldi, Patriot and Soldier. By 

R. Corlett Cowell. 

9 Count Zinzendorf: a Pioneer of Social 

Christianity. 



E. GULLET S PUBLICATIONS 27 
DR. R. NEWTON S WORKS. 

Cr. 8vo, Handsomely bound in doth, Illustrated, 
One Shilling each. 



1 Bible Animals and the 
Lessons Taught by 
Them. 

3 Bible Promises. 

4 Bible Warnings. 

5 Bible Wonders. 



6 The Great Pilot and 

His Lessons. 

7 The King s Highway ; 

or, Illustrations of the 
Commandments. 
10 The Safe Compass, and 
How it Points. 



LARGE TYPE SERIES FOR 
YOUNG CHILDREN. 

Crown 4to, doth, ink lettered, numerous Illustrations, 
One Shilling each. 

1 In Distant Lands. By W. J. Forster. 

2 Our Blest Redeemer : Story of tlie Life of Christ. 

Told for Children. By Kate T. Sizer. 

3 Pictures and Stories from the Old Testament 

By Kate T. Sizer. [Forster. 

4 New Fables for Boys and Girls. By W. J. 

5 Some Famous Britons. By W. J. Forster. 

6 Florrie s Strange Quest. By Harry Norton. 

7 Some English Rivers. By W. J. Forster. 

8 There and Back. By W. J. Forster. 

9 Those Three. By May Lewis Smith. 

10 Those Tiresome Pigs. By Harry Norton. 

11 Romance and Heroism of Early Methodism. 

By J. A. Clapperton, M.A. 

12 My Cat Book. 

13 My Dog Book. 



28 A SELECTION FROM 

THE MERIT SERIES. 

Royal 16mo, Illustrated, cloth, gilt lettered. 
Ninepence each. 

1 The Old MiUer and his MiU. By Mark Guy 

Pearse. [Pearse. 

2 John Tregenoweth, his Mark. By Mark Guy 

3 The Bear s Den. By E. H. Miller. 

4 The Cliftons and their Play-Hours. By Mrs. 

Cosslett. 

5 Gleanings in Natural History for Young People. 

6 The History of the Tea-Cup : with a Descriptive 

Account of the Potter s Art. By G. R. 
Wedgwood. 

7 Holy Days and Holidays ; or, Memories of the 

Calendar in Olden Times. By J. R. S. 
Clifford. [Johnson, D.D. 

8 The Lilyvale Club and Its Doings. By E. A. 

9 Thirty Thousand Pounds ; and other Sketches 

from Daily Life. 

10 Wee Donald : Sequel to Stony Road. 

11 Maude Linden ; or, Work for Jesus. By Lillie 

Montfort. [Elliott. 

12 My First Class, and other Stories. By Ruth 

13 Ned s Motto ; or, Little by Little. By Daniel 

Wise, D.D. [Daniel Wise, D.D. 

14 Oscar s Boyhood ; or, the Sailor s Son. By 

15 Royal Road to Riches. By E. II. Miller. 

16 Summer Days at Kirkwood. By E. II. Miller. 

17 A Year at Riverside Farm. By E. E. Miller. 

18 The Stony Road : A Tale of Humble Life. 

19 Stories for Willing Ears. For Boys. ByT.S.E. 

20 Stories for Willing Ears. ForGirls. ByT.S.E. 



R. GULLETS PUBLICATIONS 



29 



UNCLE FRANK S LIBRARY 
FOR BOYS. 

In Small Cr. Svo, clotJi, itik lettered, 
Ninepence each. 



1 Kenooshao : A Red In 

dian Tragedy. 

2 King Alfred s Last 

Christmas. 

3 Knight s Move. 

4 Land of the Ganges : 

Life in Northern 
India. 

5 Left to Take Care of 

Themselves. 

7 Michael the Tailor. 

8 Narrow Escape. 

9 One Too Many. 



11 Sinclair s Museum. 

12 Skipper George Net- 

man : A Story of New 
foundland. 

13 Tom Fletcher s For 

tunes. 

14 When His Years were 

Few. 

15 With Sword and Shield. 

16 The Young Bankrupt. 
18 Tom O Jack s Lad. 
20 Arthur Hunter s First 

Shilling. 



AUNT DOROTHY S LIBRARY 
FOR GIRLS. 

In Small Cr. Svo, doth, ink lettered, 
Ninepence each. 



1 Basket of Flowers. 

2 Brookside School. 

3 Elizabeth Gaunt. A 

Tale of Monmouth s 
Rebellion. 

4 Foundation Scholar. 

5 Heartsease and Morn 

ing Glories. 

6 High Ridge Farm. 



Miss Grahame s Mem 
orial. 

Pictures & Stories about 
the Early Christians. 



10 Sara s Choice ; or No 

Vain Sacrifice. 

11 Scenes from the Won 

derful Life. 

12 Early Methodism in the 

Black Country. 

13 Within Thy Gates: 

Bible Talks with 
Children. 

14 Thorns and Flowers. 

15 Building her House. 



30 



A SELECTION FROM 



THE IMPERIAL 16mo SERIES. 

Ornamental cloth, with illustrations, 
Eightpence each. 

7 Hermit for a Day, and 

other Stories. 

8 Man in the Moon, and 

other Stories. 

9 Stolen Keys, and other 

Stories. 

10 Street Lamp s Story, 

and other Stories. 

11 Two Dragons, and other 

Stories. 



1 Alphabet s Quarrel, and 

other Stories. 

2 Capitals of Europe. 

4 Charley s Year at the 

Farm. 

5 Early Joe, and other 

Stories. 

6 Herbert s Prize, and 

other Stones. 



WONDERFUL LAMP SERIES. 

In Small Crown Svo, cloth, gilt letterings. 
Sixpence each. 

BOYS BOOKS. 

16 After Many Days. 

17 Johnnie s Work. 

18 Ragged Jim s Last Sons- 

19 Story of an Apprentice. 

20 Northward Ho ! 

21 Konald s Self Denial 

22 Sir John Franklin. 

23 Little Phil s Christmas 

Gift. 

24 That Half Crown. 

25 Anciiss. 



GIRLS BOOKS 

1 Chat in the Meadow. 

2 Mary Ashton. 

3 Mona Bell. [tations. 

4 Rosa s Christmas Invi- 

5 Message of the Flowers. 

6 Noll s Wanderings. 

7 A Posy of Pinks. 

8 Laura Mcrtou. 

9 Letty Lacey. 

10 Fanny Lawson. 

11 Burden Bearers. 

12 Christine s Sacrifice. 

13 Daddy Longlegs. 

14 A Haunted Life. 

15 Joyce Maxwell. 

WON OVER SERIES. 

Foolscap Svo, cloth boards, 
Sixpence each. 



1 Afterward. 

2 Beckie and Rubie, the 

Little Street Singers. 

3 Davy s Friend and other 

Stories. 

4 Gilbert Guestling ; or, the 

Story of a Hymn Book, 



5 Guy Sylvester s Golden 

Year. 
G A Little Disciple. 

7 Poppy s Life Service. 

8 Won over. 



CULLEY S PUBLICATIONS 31 



THE NOBLE LIFE SERIES. 

Royal 16mo, illustrated, doth, ink lettered, 
Sixpence each. 



2 Babes in the Basket; or, 

Daph and her Charge. 

3 Fiji and the Friendly 

Isles. 

4 First Year of my Life 

in China. 

5 Giants, and How to 

Fight Them. 

6 I ll Try: or, How a 

Farmer s Son became 
a Captain. 

7 Insect Lights and 

Sounds. 

9 Jew and his Tenants. 
10 History of Joseph. 



11 Lessons from Noble 
Lives, and other 
Stories. 

14 Peeps into the Far 

North: Iceland, Lap 
land and Greenland. 

15 Railway Pioneers : the 

Story of the Stephen- 
sons. 

16 Robert Dawson ; or, 

The Brave Spirit. 

18 Story of a Pillow. Told 

for Children. 

19 Tarnside Evangel (The). 
22 Vignettes from English 

History. Norman Con 
quest to Henry IV. 



THE PLAYTIME SERIES OF 
TOY BOOKS. 

Printed in large dear type, with four full-page 

coloured illustrations. In Crown 4to, picture 

boards, varnished. 



Sixpence each. 



1 Doings in Dogland. 

2 Pleasures in PJayland. 

3 Pranks and Purrs in 

Pussyland. 

4 Nursery Rhymes and 

Jingles. 



the 



5 Bible Stories for 

Bairns. 

6 Our Feathered Friends. 

7 Our Tiny Tots ABC 



E. GULLETS PUBLICATIONS 



THE CROWN SERIES. 

16mo, cloth boards, ink lettered, Illustrated, 
Threepence each. 



1 Louis Henric ; or, The 

Sister s Promise. 

2 The Giants, and How 

to Fight Them. 

3 Robert Dawson ; or, 

The Brave Spirit. 

4 Jane Hudson, the 

American Girl. 

5 The Jewish Twins. 

6 The Book of Beasts. 35 

Illustrations. 

7 The Book of Birds. 40 

Illustrations. 

8 Proud in Spirit. 

9 Gertrude s Bible Lesson 

10 The Rose in the Desert. 

11 The Little Black Hen. 

12 Martha s Hymn. 

13 Nettie Mathieson. 

15 The Children on the 

Plains. 
17 Richard Harvey ; or, 

Taking a Stand. 



19 Nettie s Mission. 

20 Little Margery. 

21 Margery s City Home. 

22 The Crossing Sweeper. 

23 Rose Conroy s Lessons. 

24 Ned Dolan s Garret. 

25 Little Henry and his 

Bearer. 

26 Little Woodman and 

his Dog. 

27 Johnny. Lessons for 

Little Boys 

28 Pictures and Stories for 

the Little Ones. 

29 A Story of the Sea, and 

other Incidents. 

30 Aunt Lizzie s Talks 

about Remarkable 
Fishes. 

31 Three Little Folks: the 

Ant, the Bee^, and the 
Spider. 



THE FLORAL SERIES. 

Imperial 32mo, cloth boards, ink lettered, 3d . 



7 Kingly Breaker. 

8 Crown with Gems. 
12 Locusts and Spiders. 

15 Hattie and Nancy. 

16 Held Down. 

17 In a Minute. 

22 Massimo of Piedmont. 
24 Michael Faraday. 



27 Over the Sea and Far 

Away. 

28 Shirley Children. 

29 Sorrow on the Sea. 

30 Spoiling the Vines. 

33 Walter at Home and at 
School. 

35 History of Moses 

36 Three Naturalists.