Akiyama, KazunoriAlgaba, Juan CarlosAlberdi, AntxonAlef, WalterAnantua, RichardAsada, KeiichiAzulay, RebeccaBaczko, Anne-KathrinBall, DavidBaloković, MislavBarrett, JohnBenson, Bradford A.Bintley, DanBlackburn, LindyBlundell, RaymondBoland, WilfredBouman, Katherine L.Bower, Geoffrey C.Boyce, HopeBremer, MichaelBrinkerink, Christiaan D.Brissenden, RogerBritzen, SilkeBroderick, Avery E.Broguiere, DominiqueBronzwaer, ThomasByun, Do-YoungCarlstrom, John E.Chael, AndrewChan, Chi-kwanChatterjee, ShamiChatterjee, KoushikChen, Ming-TangChen, YongjunChesler, Paul M.Cho, IljeChristian, PierreConway, John E.Cordes, James M.Crawford, Thomas M.Crew, Geoffrey B.Cruz-Osorio, AlejandroCui, YuzhuDavelaar, JordyDe Laurentis, MariafeliciaDeane, RogerDempsey, JessicaDesvignes, GregoryDexter, JasonDoeleman, Sheperd S.Eatough, Ralph P.Falcke, HeinoFarah, JosephFish, Vincent L.Fomalont, EdFord, H. AlysonFraga-Encinas, RaquelFriberg, PerFromm, Christian M.Fuentes, AntonioGalison, PeterGammie, Charles F.García, RobertoGelles, ZacharyGentaz, OlivierGeorgiev, BorisGoddi, CiriacoGold, RomanGómez, José L.Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I.Gu, MinfengGurwell, MarkHada, KazuhiroHaggard, DarylHecht, Michael H.Hesper, RonaldHimwich, ElizabethHo, Luis C.Ho, PaulHonma, MarekiHuang, Chih-Wei L.Huang, LeiHughes, David H.Ikeda, ShiroInoue, MakotoIssaoun, SaraJames, David J.Jannuzi, Buell T.Janssen, MichaelJeter, BrittonJiang, WuJimenez-Rosales, AlejandraJohnson, Michael D.Jorstad, SvetlanaJung, TaehyunKarami, MansourKaruppusamy, RameshKawashima, TomohisaKeating, Garrett K.Kettenis, MarkKim, Dong-JinKim, Jae-YoungKim, JongsooKim, JunhanKino, MotokiKoay, Jun YiKofuji, YutaroKoch, Patrick M.Koyama, ShokoKramer, MichaelKramer, CarstenKrichbaum, Thomas P.Kuo, Cheng-YuLauer, Tod R.Lee, Sang-SungLevis, AviadLi, Yan-RongLi, ZhiyuanLindqvist, MichaelLico, RoccoLindahl, GregLiu, JunLiu, KuoLiuzzo, ElisabettaLo, Wen-PingLobanov, Andrei P.Loinard, LaurentLonsdale, ColinLu, Ru-SenMacDonald, Nicholas R.Mao, JirongMarchili, NicolaMarkoff, SeraMarrone, Daniel P.Marscher, Alan P.Martí-Vidal, IvánMatsushita, SatokiMatthews, Lynn D.Medeiros, LiaMenten, Karl M.Mizuno, IzumiMizuno, YosukeMoran, James M.Moriyama, KotaroMoscibrodzka, MonikaMüller, CorneliaMusoke, GibwaMejías, Alejandro MusMichalik, DanielNadolski, AndrewNagai, HiroshiNagar, Neil M.Nakamura, MasanoriNarayan, RameshNarayanan, GopalNatarajan, IniyanNathanail, AntoniosNeilsen, JoeyNeri, RobertoNi, ChunchongNoutsos, AristeidisNowak, Michael A.Okino, HirokiOlivares, HéctorOrtiz-León, Gisela N.Oyama, TomoakiÖzel, FeryalPalumbo, Daniel C.M.Park, JonghoPatel, NimeshPen, Ue-LiPesce, Dominic W.Piétu, VincentPlambeck, RichardPopStefanija, AleksandarPorth, OliverPötzl, Felix M.Prather, BenPreciado-López, Jorge A.Psaltis, DimitriosPu, Hung-YiRamakrishnan, VenkatesshRao, RamprasadRawlings, Mark G.Raymond, Alexander W.Rezzolla, LucianoRicarte, AngeloRipperda, BartRoelofs, FreekRogers, AlanRos, EduardoRose, MelRoshanineshat, ArashRottmann, HelgeRoy, Alan L.Ruszczyk, ChetRygl, Kazi L.J.Sánchez, SalvadorSánchez-Arguelles, DavidSasada, MahitoSavolainen, TuomasSchloerb, F. PeterSchuster, Karl-FriedrichShao, LijingShen, ZhiqiangSmall, DesSohn, Bong WonSooHoo, JasonSun, HeTazaki, FumieTetarenko, Alexandra J.Tiede, PaulTilanus, Remo P.J.Titus, MichaelToma, KenjiTorne, PabloTrent, TylerTraianou, EfthaliaTrippe, SaschaBemmel, Ilse vanvan Langevelde, Huib Janvan Rossum, Daniel R.Wagner, JanWard-Thompson, DerekWardle, JohnWeintroub, JonathanWex, NorbertWharton, RobertWielgus, MaciekWong, George N.Wu, QingwenYoon, DoosooYoung, AndréYoung, KenYounsi, ZiriYuan, FengYuan, Ye-FeiZensus, J. AntonZhao, Guang-YaoZhao, Shan-Shan2023-07-112023-07-112021-03-01K. Akiyama, J.C. Algaba, A. Alberdi, W. Alef, R. Anantua, K. Asada, R. Azulay, A.-K. Baczko, D. Ball, M. Baloković, J. Barrett, B.A. Benson, D. Bintley, L. Blackburn, R. Blundell, W. Boland, K.L. Bouman, G.C. Bower, H. Boyce, M. Bremer, C.D. Brinkerink, R. Brissenden, S. Britzen, A.E. Broderick, D. Broguiere, T. Bronzwaer, D.-Y. Byun, J.E. Carlstrom, A. Chael, C.-K. Chan, S. Chatterjee, K. Chatterjee, M.-T. Chen, Y. Chen, P.M. Chesler, I. Cho, P. Christian, J.E. Conway, J.M. Cordes, T.M. Crawford, G.B. Crew, A. Cruz-Osorio, Y. Cui, J. Davelaar, M. De Laurentis, R. Deane, J. Dempsey, G. Desvignes, J. Dexter, S.S. Doeleman, R.P. Eatough, H. Falcke, J. Farah, V.L. Fish, E. Fomalont, H.A. Ford, R. Fraga-Encinas, P. Friberg, C.M. Fromm, A. Fuentes, P. Galison, C.F. Gammie, R. García, Z. Gelles, O. Gentaz, B. Georgiev, C. Goddi, R. Gold, J.L. Gómez, A.I. Gómez-Ruiz, M. Gu, M. Gurwell, K. Hada, D. Haggard, M.H. Hecht, R. Hesper, E. Himwich, L.C. Ho, P. Ho, M. Honma, C.-W.L. Huang, L. Huang, D.H. Hughes, S. Ikeda, M. Inoue, S. Issaoun, D.J. James, B.T. Jannuzi, M. Janssen, B. Jeter, W. Jiang, A. Jimenez-Rosales, M.D. Johnson, S. Jorstad, T. Jung, M. Karami, R. Karuppusamy, T. Kawashima, G.K. Keating, M. Kettenis, D.-J. Kim, J.-Y. Kim, J. Kim, J. Kim, M. Kino, J.Y. Koay, Y. Kofuji, P.M. Koch, S. Koyama, M. Kramer, C. Kramer, T.P. Krichbaum, C.-Y. Kuo, T.R. Lauer, S.-S. Lee, A. Levis, Y.-R. Li, Z. Li, M. Lindqvist, R. Lico, G. Lindahl, J. Liu, K. Liu, E. Liuzzo, W.-P. Lo, A.P. Lobanov, L. Loinard, C. Lonsdale, R.-S. Lu, N.R. MacDonald, J. Mao, N. Marchili, S. Markoff, D.P. Marrone, A.P. Marscher, I. Martí-Vidal, S. Matsushita, L.D. Matthews, L. Medeiros, K.M. Menten, I. Mizuno, Y. Mizuno, J.M. Moran, K. Moriyama, M. Moscibrodzka, C. Müller, G. Musoke, A.M. Mejías, D. Michalik, A. Nadolski, H. Nagai, N.M. Nagar, M. Nakamura, R. Narayan, G. Narayanan, I. Natarajan, A. Nathanail, J. Neilsen, R. Neri, C. Ni, A. Noutsos, M.A. Nowak, H. Okino, H. Olivares, G.N. Ortiz-León, T. Oyama, F. Özel, D.C.M. Palumbo, J. Park, N. Patel, U.-L. Pen, D.W. Pesce, V. Piétu, R. Plambeck, A. PopStefanija, O. Porth, F.M. Pötzl, B. Prather, J.A. Preciado-López, D. Psaltis, H.-Y. Pu, V. Ramakrishnan, R. Rao, M.G. Rawlings, A.W. Raymond, L. Rezzolla, A. Ricarte, B. Ripperda, F. Roelofs, A. Rogers, E. Ros, M. Rose, A. Roshanineshat, H. Rottmann, A.L. Roy, C. Ruszczyk, K.L.J. Rygl, S. Sánchez, D. Sánchez-Arguelles, M. Sasada, T. Savolainen, F.P. Schloerb, K.-F. Schuster, L. Shao, Z. Shen, D. Small, B.W. Sohn, J. SooHoo, H. Sun, F. Tazaki, A.J. Tetarenko, P. Tiede, R.P.J. Tilanus, M. Titus, K. Toma, P. Torne, T. Trent, E. Traianou, S. Trippe, I.V. Bemmel, H.J. van Langevelde, D.R. van Rossum, J. Wagner, D. Ward-Thompson, J. Wardle, J. Weintroub, N. Wex, R. Wharton, M. Wielgus, G.N. Wong, Q. Wu, D. Yoon, A. Young, K. Young, Z. Younsi, F. Yuan, Y.-F. Yuan, J.A. Zensus, G.-Y. Zhao, S.-S. Zhao. 2021. "First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VIII. Magnetic Field Structure near The Event Horizon" Letters of the Astrophysical Journal, Volume 910, Issue 1, pp.L13-L13. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abe4de2041-82052041-8213https://hdl.handle.net/2144/46438Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations at 230 GHz have now imaged polarized emission around the supermassive black hole in M87 on event-horizon scales. This polarized synchrotron radiation probes the structure of magnetic fields and the plasma properties near the black hole. Here we compare the resolved polarization structure observed by the EHT, along with simultaneous unresolved observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, to expectations from theoretical models. The low fractional linear polarization in the resolved image suggests that the polarization is scrambled on scales smaller than the EHT beam, which we attribute to Faraday rotation internal to the emission region. We estimate the average density n_e ∼ 10^4–7 cm^−3, magnetic field strength B ∼ 1–30 G, and electron temperature T_e ∼ (1–12) × 10^10 K of the radiating plasma in a simple one-zone emission model. We show that the net azimuthal linear polarization pattern may result from organized, poloidal magnetic fields in the emission region. In a quantitative comparison with a large library of simulated polarimetric images from general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations, we identify a subset of physical models that can explain critical features of the polarimetric EHT observations while producing a relativistic jet of sufficient power. The consistent GRMHD models are all of magnetically arrested accretion disks, where near-horizon magnetic fields are dynamically important. We use the models to infer a mass accretion rate onto the black hole in M87 of (3–20) × 10^−4 M ⊙ yr^−1.p. L13© 2021. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/AccretionBlack holesEvent horizonsJetsKerr black holesMagnetic fieldsMagnetohydrodynamicsPlasma astrophysicsPolarimetryRadiative transferRadio jetsRelativistic jetsAstronomical and space sciencesAstronomy & astrophysicsAstronomical sciencesSpace sciencesArticle2023-02-0710.3847/2041-8213/abe4de0000-0002-9475-4254 (Akiyama, Kazunori)0000-0001-6993-1696 (Algaba, Juan Carlos)0000-0002-9371-1033 (Alberdi, Antxon)0000-0003-3457-7660 (Anantua, Richard)0000-0002-2200-5393 (Azulay, Rebecca)0000-0003-3090-3975 (Baczko, Anne-Kathrin)0000-0003-0476-6647 (Baloković, Mislav)0000-0002-9290-0764 (Barrett, John)0000-0002-5108-6823 (Benson, Bradford A)0000-0002-9030-642X (Blackburn, Lindy)0000-0002-5929-5857 (Blundell, Raymond)0000-0003-0077-4367 (Bouman, Katherine L)0000-0003-4056-9982 (Bower, Geoffrey C)0000-0002-6530-5783 (Boyce, Hope)0000-0002-2322-0749 (Brinkerink, Christiaan D)0000-0002-2556-0894 (Brissenden, Roger)0000-0001-9240-6734 (Britzen, Silke)0000-0002-3351-760X (Broderick, Avery E)0000-0003-1157-4109 (Byun, Do-Young)0000-0003-2966-6220 (Chael, Andrew)0000-0001-6337-6126 (Chan, Chi-kwan)0000-0002-2878-1502 (Chatterjee, Shami)0000-0002-2825-3590 (Chatterjee, Koushik)0000-0001-6327-8462 (Chesler, Paul M)0000-0001-6083-7521 (Cho, Ilje)0000-0001-6820-9941 (Christian, Pierre)0000-0003-2448-9181 (Conway, John E)0000-0002-4049-1882 (Cordes, James M)0000-0001-9000-5013 (Crawford, Thomas M)0000-0002-2079-3189 (Crew, Geoffrey B)0000-0002-3945-6342 (Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro)0000-0001-6311-4345 (Cui, Yuzhu)0000-0002-2685-2434 (Davelaar, Jordy)0000-0002-9945-682X (De Laurentis, Mariafelicia)0000-0003-1027-5043 (Deane, Roger)0000-0003-1269-9667 (Dempsey, Jessica)0000-0003-3922-4055 (Desvignes, Gregory)0000-0003-3903-0373 (Dexter, Jason)0000-0002-9031-0904 (Doeleman, Sheperd S)0000-0001-6196-4135 (Eatough, Ralph P)0000-0002-2526-6724 (Falcke, Heino)0000-0003-4914-5625 (Farah, Joseph)0000-0002-7128-9345 (Fish, Vincent L)0000-0002-9036-2747 (Fomalont, Ed)0000-0002-9797-0972 (Ford, H Alyson)0000-0002-5222-1361 (Fraga-Encinas, Raquel)0000-0002-8010-8454 (Friberg, Per)0000-0002-8773-4933 (Fuentes, Antonio)0000-0002-6429-3872 (Galison, Peter)0000-0001-7451-8935 (Gammie, Charles F)0000-0002-6584-7443 (García, Roberto)0000-0001-8053-4392 (Gelles, Zachary)0000-0002-3586-6424 (Georgiev, Boris)0000-0002-2542-7743 (Goddi, Ciriaco)0000-0003-2492-1966 (Gold, Roman)0000-0003-4190-7613 (Gómez, José L)0000-0001-9395-1670 (Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I)0000-0002-4455-6946 (Gu, Minfeng)0000-0003-0685-3621 (Gurwell, Mark)0000-0001-6906-772X (Hada, Kazuhiro)0000-0001-6803-2138 (Haggard, Daryl)0000-0003-1918-6098 (Hesper, Ronald)0000-0001-6947-5846 (Ho, Luis C)0000-0003-4058-9000 (Honma, Mareki)0000-0001-5641-3953 (Huang, Chih-Wei L)0000-0002-1923-227X (Huang, Lei)0000-0002-2462-1448 (Ikeda, Shiro)0000-0002-5297-921X (Issaoun, Sara)0000-0001-5160-4486 (James, David J)0000-0001-8685-6544 (Janssen, Michael)0000-0003-2847-1712 (Jeter, Britton)0000-0001-7369-3539 (Jiang, Wu)0000-0002-2662-3754 (Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra)0000-0002-4120-3029 (Johnson, Michael D)0000-0001-6158-1708 (Jorstad, Svetlana)0000-0001-7003-8643 (Jung, Taehyun)0000-0001-7387-9333 (Karami, Mansour)0000-0002-5307-2919 (Karuppusamy, Ramesh)0000-0001-8527-0496 (Kawashima, Tomohisa)0000-0002-3490-146X (Keating, Garrett K)0000-0002-6156-5617 (Kettenis, Mark)0000-0002-7038-2118 (Kim, Dong-Jin)0000-0001-8229-7183 (Kim, Jae-Young)0000-0002-1229-0426 (Kim, Jongsoo)0000-0002-4274-9373 (Kim, Junhan)0000-0002-2709-7338 (Kino, Motoki)0000-0002-7029-6658 (Koay, Jun Yi)0000-0003-2777-5861 (Koch, Patrick M)0000-0002-3723-3372 (Koyama, Shoko)0000-0002-4175-2271 (Kramer, Michael)0000-0002-4908-4925 (Kramer, Carsten)0000-0002-4892-9586 (Krichbaum, Thomas P)0000-0001-6211-5581 (Kuo, Cheng-Yu)0000-0003-3234-7247 (Lauer, Tod R)0000-0002-6269-594X (Lee, Sang-Sung)0000-0001-7307-632X (Levis, Aviad)0000-0001-5841-9179 (Li, Yan-Rong)0000-0003-0355-6437 (Li, Zhiyuan)0000-0002-3669-0715 (Lindqvist, Michael)0000-0001-7361-2460 (Lico, Rocco)0000-0002-6100-4772 (Lindahl, Greg)0000-0002-7615-7499 (Liu, Jun)0000-0002-2953-7376 (Liu, Kuo)0000-0003-0995-5201 (Liuzzo, Elisabetta)0000-0002-5635-3345 (Loinard, Laurent)0000-0002-7692-7967 (Lu, Ru-Sen)0000-0002-6684-8691 (MacDonald, Nicholas R)0000-0002-7077-7195 (Mao, Jirong)0000-0002-5523-7588 (Marchili, Nicola)0000-0001-9564-0876 (Markoff, Sera)0000-0002-2367-1080 (Marrone, Daniel P)0000-0001-7396-3332 (Marscher, Alan P)0000-0003-3708-9611 (Martí-Vidal, Iván)0000-0002-2127-7880 (Matsushita, Satoki)0000-0002-3728-8082 (Matthews, Lynn D)0000-0003-2342-6728 (Medeiros, Lia)0000-0001-6459-0669 (Menten, Karl M)0000-0002-7210-6264 (Mizuno, Izumi)0000-0002-8131-6730 (Mizuno, Yosuke)0000-0002-3882-4414 (Moran, James M)0000-0003-1364-3761 (Moriyama, Kotaro)0000-0002-4661-6332 (Moscibrodzka, Monika)0000-0002-2739-2994 (Müller, Cornelia)0000-0003-1984-189X (Musoke, Gibwa)0000-0003-0329-6874 (Mejías, Alejandro Mus)0000-0002-7618-6556 (Michalik, Daniel)0000-0001-9479-9957 (Nadolski, Andrew)0000-0003-0292-3645 (Nagai, Hiroshi)0000-0001-6920-662X (Nagar, Neil M)0000-0001-6081-2420 (Nakamura, Masanori)0000-0002-1919-2730 (Narayan, Ramesh)0000-0001-8242-4373 (Natarajan, Iniyan)0000-0002-8247-786X (Neilsen, Joey)0000-0002-7176-4046 (Neri, Roberto)0000-0003-1361-5699 (Ni, Chunchong)0000-0002-4151-3860 (Noutsos, Aristeidis)0000-0001-6923-1315 (Nowak, Michael A)0000-0001-6833-7580 (Olivares, Héctor)0000-0002-2863-676X (Ortiz-León, Gisela N)0000-0002-7179-3816 (Palumbo, Daniel CM)0000-0001-6558-9053 (Park, Jongho)0000-0003-2155-9578 (Pen, Ue-Li)0000-0002-5278-9221 (Pesce, Dominic W)0000-0001-6765-9609 (Plambeck, Richard)0000-0002-4584-2557 (Porth, Oliver)0000-0002-6579-8311 (Pötzl, Felix M)0000-0002-0393-7734 (Prather, Ben)0000-0002-4146-0113 (Preciado-López, Jorge A)0000-0003-4058-2837 (Psaltis, Dimitrios)0000-0001-9270-8812 (Pu, Hung-Yi)0000-0002-9248-086X (Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh)0000-0002-1407-7944 (Rao, Ramprasad)0000-0002-6529-202X (Rawlings, Mark G)0000-0002-5779-4767 (Raymond, Alexander W)0000-0002-1330-7103 (Rezzolla, Luciano)0000-0001-5287-0452 (Ricarte, Angelo)0000-0002-7301-3908 (Ripperda, Bart)0000-0001-5461-3687 (Roelofs, Freek)0000-0001-9503-4892 (Ros, Eduardo)0000-0002-2016-8746 (Rose, Mel)0000-0002-1931-0135 (Roy, Alan L)0000-0001-7278-9707 (Ruszczyk, Chet)0000-0003-4146-9043 (Rygl, Kazi LJ)0000-0002-7344-9920 (Sánchez-Arguelles, David)0000-0001-5946-9960 (Sasada, Mahito)0000-0001-6214-1085 (Savolainen, Tuomas)0000-0002-1334-8853 (Shao, Lijing)0000-0003-3540-8746 (Shen, Zhiqiang)0000-0003-3723-5404 (Small, Des)0000-0002-4148-8378 (Sohn, Bong Won)0000-0003-1938-0720 (SooHoo, Jason)0000-0003-1526-6787 (Sun, He)0000-0003-0236-0600 (Tazaki, Fumie)0000-0003-3906-4354 (Tetarenko, Alexandra J)0000-0003-3826-5648 (Tiede, Paul)0000-0002-6514-553X (Tilanus, Remo PJ)0000-0002-3423-4505 (Titus, Michael)0000-0002-7114-6010 (Toma, Kenji)0000-0001-8700-6058 (Torne, Pablo)0000-0002-1209-6500 (Traianou, Efthalia)0000-0003-0465-1559 (Trippe, Sascha)0000-0001-5473-2950 (Bemmel, Ilse van)0000-0002-0230-5946 (van Langevelde, Huib Jan)0000-0001-7772-6131 (van Rossum, Daniel R)0000-0003-1105-6109 (Wagner, Jan)0000-0003-1140-2761 (Ward-Thompson, Derek)0000-0002-8960-2942 (Wardle, John)0000-0002-4603-5204 (Weintroub, Jonathan)0000-0002-7416-5209 (Wharton, Robert)0000-0002-8635-4242 (Wielgus, Maciek)0000-0001-6952-2147 (Wong, George N)0000-0003-4773-4987 (Wu, Qingwen)0000-0001-8694-8166 (Yoon, Doosoo)0000-0003-0000-2682 (Young, André)0000-0002-3666-4920 (Young, Ken)0000-0001-9283-1191 (Younsi, Ziri)0000-0003-3564-6437 (Yuan, Feng)0000-0001-7470-3321 (Zensus, J Anton)0000-0002-4417-1659 (Zhao, Guang-Yao)0000-0002-9774-3606 (Zhao, Shan-Shan)626896