Offner, Gwynneth D.Chavez, Jorge2025-09-242025-09-242024https://hdl.handle.net/2144/513062024Spinal cord injury not only causes paralysis but also negatively impacts the autonomic nervous system. This leads to a myriad of problems such as cardiovascular, bladder, gastrointestinal, and immunological dysfunction. Current pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments have side effects or lack efficacy. Spinal cord stimulation is a relatively novel form of neuromodulation that is capable of improving function after a spinal cord injury. Two specific forms of spinal cord stimulation known as transcutaneous and epidural spinal cord stimulation have been used to successfully or unsuccessfully improve a variety of the autonomic related dysfunction as well as motor loss after a spinal cord injury. These two treatments choices are worth further investigation. Many more studies are needed to prove the efficacy, safety, and feasibility before it can be widely utilized in a clinical setting.en-USPhysiologyPhysical therapyOccupational therapyEpiduralNeuroplasticitySpinal cord injuryStimulationTranscutaneousThesis/Dissertation2025-09-24