Brooks, George E.2020-04-282020-04-2819800281—6814https://hdl.handle.net/2144/40423African Studies Center Working Paper No. 24This paper examines the economic, social, and cultural influences of Luso-Africans living along the Gambia River and in the Guinea-Bissau region from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries, in terms of two general themes. The first is the significance of the sustained economic, social, and cultural ties between the Cape Verde Islands and the Guinea-Bissau region which began in the fifteenth century, and which continue to the present day. The second concerns how interrelationships between African societies, incoming Portuguese and Cape Verdean "strangers," and their Luso-African descendants changed over time.en-USCopyright © 1980, by the author.GhanaGuinea-BissauLuso-AfricansCommerceGambia RiverSettlementsColonialismPortugalCape VerdeArticle