Dysregulation in polycystic ovary syndrome: mechanisms and therapeutic approaches
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Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS),a complex widespread hormonal disorder that affects between 8-13% of reproductive-aged women globally. It is marked by high levels of androgens (male hormones), irregular ovulation, and metabolic disorders, all of which are linked to disruptions in gonadotropin regulation. The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis plays a key role in reproductive function, controlling the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH). Women with PCOS, experience irregular GnRH signaling that leads to an overproduction of LH and a reduction in FSH, which in turn stimulates excessive androgen production and hinders proper follicle development. Insulin resistance, another common feature of PCOS, further disrupts hormonal balance by amplifying androgen synthesis. Currently, PCOS treatments focus on managing symptoms through hormonal therapies, insulin-sensitizing medications, and lifestyle changes. However, current research is moving beyond symptom management toward potential long-term solutions. New approaches under investigation include stem cell therapy, gene-targeted treatments, kisspeptin-based therapies, and interventions targeting the gut microbiome. While PCOS does not yet have a cure,scientific advancements are bringing the possibly of personalized, lasting treatments closer to reality. This thesis examines the role of gonadotropins reproductive health, their connection to PCOS, and the promising research shaping the future of treatment.
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2025