Continuous release of tumor-derived factors improves the modeling of cachexia in muscle cell culture
Date
2017
Authors
Jackman, Robert W.
Floro, Jess
Yoshimine, Rei
Zitin, Brian
Eiampikul, Maythita
El-Jack, Kahlid
Seto, Danielle N.
Kandarian, Susan C.
Version
OA Version
Citation
Robert W Jackman, Jess Floro, Rei Yoshimine, Brian Zitin, Maythita Eiampikul, Kahlid El-Jack, Danielle N Seto, Susan C Kandarian. 2017. "Continuous Release of Tumor-Derived Factors Improves the Modeling of Cachexia in Muscle Cell Culture.." Front Physiol, Volume 8, pp. 738 - ?.
Abstract
Cachexia is strongly associated with a poor prognosis in cancer patients but the biological trigger is unknown and therefore no therapeutics exist. The loss of skeletal muscle is the most deleterious aspect of cachexia and it appears to depend on secretions from tumor cells. Models for studying wasting in cell culture consist of experiments where skeletal muscle cells are incubated with medium conditioned by tumor cells. This has led to candidates for cachectic factors but some of the features of cachexiain vivoare not yet well-modeled in cell culture experiments. Mouse myotube atrophy measured by myotube diameter in response to medium conditioned by mouse colon carcinoma cells (C26) is consistently less than what is seen in muscles of mice bearing C26 tumors with moderate to severe cachexia. One possible reason for this discrepancy is thatin vivothe C26 tumor and skeletal muscle share a circulatory system exposing the muscle to tumor factors in a constant and increasing way. We have applied Transwell®-adapted cell culture conditions to more closely simulate conditions foundin vivowhere muscle is exposed to the ongoing kinetics of constant tumor secretion of active factors. C26 cells were incubated on a microporous membrane (a Transwell® insert) that constitutes the upper compartment of wells containing plated myotubes. In this model, myotubes are exposed to a constant supply of cancer cell secretions in the medium but without direct contact with the cancer cells, analogous to a shared circulation of muscle and cancer cells in tumor-bearing animals. The results for myotube diameter support the idea that the use of Transwell® inserts serves as a more physiological model of the muscle wasting associated with cancer cachexia than the bolus addition of cancer cell conditioned medium. The Transwell® model supports the notion that the dose and kinetics of cachectic factor delivery to muscle play a significant role in the extent of pathology.
Description
License
Copyright © 2017 Jackman, Floro, Yoshimine, Zitin, Eiampikul, El-Jack, Seto and Kandarian. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.