The New England Loyal Publication Society: an aspect in the molding of public opinion during the Civil War
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Abstract
In view of the magnitude and scope of the conflict,
the Civil War has been accurately described as the first
of modern wars. Because of the heavy burdens imposed in
both manpower and money, civilian morale was a factor
which assumed great significance. This was particularly
so since the people of the North displayed an eager interest
in the war. Not infrequently, therefore, military
strategy and policies had to be subordinated to political
considerations, with the consequence, that the Union
government was often unable to proceed as vigorously as
conditions might warrant. Since the Lincoln administration
could act only as far as public opinion would permit,
it was necessary at times to await support from the people
before instituting certain measures. Such delays, ironically
enough, were often interpreted by the more impetuous
as evidences of lack of leadership.
There were various means available by which civilians
could criticize the war effort. The press was free to report
and comment on military matters to a degree which
would seem unusual today, and censorship, where it existed,
was of a most casual nature. Thus, policies which were
suggested or begun by the administration were discussed at
length in terms which ranged from approval to frank
hostility. Under the guise of comment, partisanship colored
criticism, and the ultimate goal of the war itself was called
into question by outspoken Copperheads. Nor was the press,
potent though it was, the only medium by which citizens
could express themselves on the conduct of the war. In mass
meetings, petitions to Congress, and private gatherings,
civilians in the North analyzed and debated the policies of
the administration. All of this comment was not adverse
but, as military success evaded the Federal armies, defeatist
sentiment bec~une manifest. There was potential danger
to the Union cause in the unguided and uninfluenced drift
of public opinion.
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Description
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University.
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