Alternative stable states of the forest mycobiome are maintained through positive feedbacks
Files
Accepted manuscript
First author draft
Date
2022
Authors
Averill, Colin
Fortunel, Claire
Maynard, Daniel S.
Dietze, Michael C.
Bhatnagar, Jennifer M.
Crowther, Thomas W.
Version
Accepted manuscript
OA Version
Citation
C. Averill, C. Fortunel, D. Maynard, M. Dietze, J. Bhatnagar, T. Crowther. 2022. "Alternative stable states of the forest mycobiome are maintained through positive feedbacks." Nature Ecology and Evolution, Volume 6, pp. 375 - 382. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-022-01663-9
Abstract
Most trees on Earth form a symbiosis with either arbuscular mycorrhizal or ectomycorrhizal fungi. By forming common mycorrhizal networks, actively modifying the soil environment and other ecological mechanisms, these contrasting symbioses may generate positive feedbacks that favour their own mycorrhizal strategy (that is, the con-mycorrhizal strategy) at the expense of the alternative strategy. Positive con-mycorrhizal feedbacks set the stage for alternative stable states of forests and their fungi, where the presence of different forest mycorrhizal strategies is determined not only by external environmental conditions but also mycorrhiza-mediated feedbacks embedded within the forest ecosystem. Here, we test this hypothesis using thousands of US forest inventory sites to show that arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal tree recruitment and survival exhibit positive con-mycorrhizal density dependence. Data-driven simulations show that these positive feedbacks are sufficient in magnitude to generate and maintain alternative stable states of the forest mycobiome. Given the links between forest mycorrhizal strategy and carbon sequestration potential, the presence of mycorrhizal-mediated alternative stable states affects how we forecast forest composition, carbon sequestration and terrestrial climate feedbacks.
Description
Published in final edited form as: Nat Ecol Evol. 2022 April 01; 6(4): 375–382. doi:10.1038/s41559-022-01663-9.