Comparison of solid and mesoporous silica nanoparticle dispersion stability and biocompatibility with human osteoprogenitor cells
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To compare the effect of 100 nm spherical solid silica nanoparticles (SSNPs) and mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) on hydrodynamic radius (Rh) and polydispersity index (PDI) in complete cell culture media (CM). To compare the biocompatibility of human osteoprogenitor cells with SSNPs and MSNs at 50, 100, and 200 µg/mL. METHODS: A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to measure average dried diameter and shape of both NPs. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to verify the mesopores of the MSNs. Afterwards dynamic light scattering (DLS) was used to measure Rh and PDI of both NPs in CM over 3 days. Human osteoprogenitor cells were culture from bone chip taken from teeth extracted at the Boston University (BU) Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) clinic. The effects of NPs at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 µg/mL on biocompatibility of human osteoprogenitor cells were evaluated using a combination of attachment efficiency, proliferation rate, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT). Attachment efficiency was compared over 9 hours and proliferation rate over 14 days. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare groups and post hoc Tukey test was used to compare within groups when p<0.05.
RESULTS: SEM showed a consistent spherical shape for SSNPs (Figure 11) and MSNs (Figure 12). The dried diameters were 117.6 ± 8.2 nm for SSNPs and 116.7 ± 15.8 nm for MSNs (Table 4). For day 0 the Rh for SSNPs was 181.6 ± 2.9 nm and for day 0 the Rh of MSNs in CM was 265.8 ± 16.1 nm (Table 5). The day 1 PDI for SSNPs was 0.210 ± 0.003 and day 1 PDI for MSNs was 0.311 ± 0.013. Post hoc Tukey HSD test showed that all NP groups had an increase in attachment efficiency compared to the control with SSNP 50, MSN 100, MSN 200 being significant (Table 16 and Figures 24 and 25). For XTT post hoc using Dunnett’s method comparing the effect of group on OD confirmed that all NP groups besides MSN 50 µg/mL had a significant increase in OD when compared to the control with MSNs 200 µg/mL being the highest (Table 28 and Figure 32). For proliferation rate post hoc Tukey test comparing the interaction of time point and group on proliferation folds showed that all NP groups at day 14 had a significant increase compared to the control with MSN 100 µg/mL being the highest, (Table 34 and Figure 36).
CONCLUSIONS: MSNs had a larger increase in Rh compared to SSNPs in CM, probably due to an increase in surface area allowing for more intermolecular interactions with molecules in solution. SSNPs and MSNs at the concentrations tested were biocompatible for human osteoprogenitor cells with increased in cell growth seen across all NP groups. This suggests that the effect is shared between both NPs and may be due to soluble silica from hydrolysis of the NPs in CM, as silica has been shown to be osteogenic.
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2025