The role of enamel matrix derivative in bone regeneration
OA Version
Citation
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: LPS secreted by gram negative bacteria in the oral cavity leads to bone loss. Attempts to find substitutes for lost bone and Enamel Matrix Derivative show promise. However, little is known about the pathway by which EMD treatment regenerates bone. These studies were designed to test the effectiveness of EMD against LPS-induced bone loss. Bone regeneration was induced by activation of factors such as c-jun or MMP-9. The hypothesis was that EMD may alleviate LPS-induced bone loss via activation of these factors. The aim of my project is thus to investigate the mechanism of EMD treatment on bone regeneration.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human THP-1 monocyte-like cells were treated with EMD and LPS from E. coli. Each treatment was analysed by ELISA/Protein assay and the values were graphed and further evaluated. All the experiments were performed in triplicate and statistical analyses were conducted with the SAS software package.
RESULTS: Through this study:
1. EMD treated cells showed reduced levels of LPS-induced cytokine expression of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-⍺, IL-1α and IL-10.
2. EMD treatment does not induce a significant difference in expression of the apoptotic genes, Caspase-3, Caspase-9 and Bax.
3. Additionally, EMD significantly enhances c-jun and MMP-9 expression.
CONCLUSIONS: It is known from previous studies that TNF-⍺ and IL-1α production leads to bone loss and expression of c-jun and MMP-9 induces bone regeneration. This suggests that EMD may affect bone regeneration through either the reduction of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines or the expression of c-jun/MMP-9.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Our data here will help researchers gather more information about the bone regeneration process which can be used in clinics. It could also lead to medical applications for the treatment of various diseases. Our study will induce researchers to further investigate EMD mediated biological function.