The impact of systemic diseases on dental implants
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Citation
Abstract
The replacement of missing teeth with dental implants has become a routine and well-documented procedure in healthy patients. However, several systemic diseases have been suggested as potential risk factors for dental implant failure. By collaborating with the applicable medical providers to manage systemic disease symptoms and making appropriate treatment plan modifications, dental practitioners can mitigate challenges brought about by systemic diseases and provide successful rehabilitation with dental implant therapy. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the recent literature to assess the impact of systemic diseases on dental implant treatment and determine whether a consensus can be made regarding contraindications to implants in patients affected by systemic diseases.
There is a consensus that patients with osteoporosis are not contraindicated for dental implants. The level of available evidence regarding congenital bleeding disorders, namely hemophilia and von Willebrand disease, is overall weak regarding dental implant usage and safety because a majority of the publications are case series or case report studies. Furthermore, there are few, if any, published randomized controlled trials. The most concise conclusion that was made across all studies is that the dental risk management of patients with congenital bleeding disorders is dependent upon close collaboration between hematologists and oral surgeons. The literature on dental implant use in patient with diabetes mellitus is overall heterogenous however most concludes that patient cohorts that exhibit well-controlled diabetes when undergoing dental implant procedures have success rates comparable to that of healthy patient cohorts. Best practice in regards to dental implant placement in patients affected by systemic diseases requires careful, case-by-case basis treatment planning.