Understanding the disparities in severe maternal morbidity and mortality rates among African American women
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Abstract
Compared to other industrialized nations, the United States has dismal maternal mortality and morbidity rates. However, this burden is not shared equally across racial and ethnic lines. Non-Hispanic Black birthing individuals have mortality rates that are three to four times higher than those for Non-Hispanic white birthing individuals. Extensive research has been conducted to pinpoint the exact causes for this disparity and why it persists. Multiple factors contribute to how Black women navigate the healthcare system in this country and why they face a higher burden of disease. This literature review will assess Black-White disparities in maternal mortality and morbidity rates, provide context for how that data is obtained and why it is so significant, and highlight specific obstetric complications that contribute to poor health outcomes among Black women. Furthermore, implicit bias and socio-structural determinants of health will be explored in relation to how historical legacies of maltreatment towards Black women in the United States affect how Black women in contemporary society are treated when they seek out care. Lastly, a review of some current strategies for reducing rates of mortality and morbidity among Black women and improving health outcomes will be presented.