The association between orofacial clefts and consanguinity in Saudi Arabia
Date
2010
DOI
Authors
Alsahafi, Yaser Abdualaziz
Version
OA Version
Citation
Abstract
Objectives: Saudi Arabia has high prevalence OFC and consanguinity which makes studying the relationship between them in this country appropriate. This study aim is to:
1) Investigate risk factors related to the occurrence of OFC in Saudi Arabia.
2) Investigate the association between consanguinity and the risk of having a child with OFC in Saudi Arabia.
Methods: In a case-control study design, mothers of children with non-syndromic OFC cases and healthy controls under the age of 4 years attending hospitals in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, were interviewed. Collected data included demographics, exposures during pregnancy, and prenatal care-related data. Risks associations with OFC were evaluated using bivariate comparisons. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations between potential risk factors and OFC, after controlling for confounders.
Results: We enrolled 246 subjects, of those 61 were cases and 185 were controls. Parental consanguinity represented 50% of the study sample and 96.2% of subjects' families resided in urban settings. Parental consanguinity showed a protective effect for the risk of having a child with OFC (OR=0.6 , 95% CI 0.3 - 1.2). Prenatal folic acid use showed a strong protective effect for OFC risk (OR=0.5, 95% CI 0.2 - 0.9). Compared to living in urban area, living in rural areas resulted in a great increase in risk for OFC (OR=16.9, 95% CI 4.8 - 59.9). Findings also showed 2.4 times higher risk for mothers who were exposed to secondhand smoking (OR=2.4, 95% CI 1.2-4.8), 2.7 times higher risk for mother who worked during pregnancy (OR=2.7, 95% CI 1.1 - 6.7), and 2.4 times higher risk for subject with birth order of 4th or higher (OR=2.4, 95% CI 1.2 - 4.9), after controlling for confounders.
Conclusion: Parental consanguinity presented a protective effect against the risk of having a child with OFC, yet the association was not statistically significant. Prenatal use of folic acid supplements has statistically significant protective effect for the risk. Living in rural area revealed a much higher risk for having a child with OFC. Mothers who worked during pregnancy, maternal secondhand smoking, and higher child's birth order also presented an association with risk of OFC.
Description
Thesis (MSD) --Boston University, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, 2010 (Department of Health Policy and Health Services Research).
Includes bibliography: leaves 70-72.
Includes bibliography: leaves 70-72.
License
This work is being made available in OpenBU by permission of its author, and is available for research purposes only. All rights are reserved to the author.